1. Magnetic Levitation - Science Is Fun - Contents magnetic levitation Science is Fun. Magnetic, diamagnetic and superconductor levitation topics and links http://www.geocities.com/Area51/Shire/3075/maglev.html

Magnetic Levitation - Science is Fun Magnetic, diamagnetic and superconductor levitation topics and links As a child, I discovered I could levitate a ping pong ball on a stream of air from the output pipe of a vacuum cleaner. This is similar to optical levitation of a glass bead in a laser beam (pressure from photon recoil instead of an air stream). I hope you enjoy the many exciting ways to levitate objects. What is a magnetic field? Does a magnet slow time? (4-6-2000) Levitating World Globe, a look inside Levitron Tethered wrench levitation ... Optical levitation (Petter Hagburg) Gravity modification (anti-gravity) links Superconductor anti-gravity effect (propulsion by gravity shielding) Quantum Cavotite (Pete Skeggs) American Antigravity Lifters you can build (Jean-Louis Naudin) ... The Master Key (L. Frank Baum) Science rules! Fight ignorance, respect science. back to home page Who created this website anyway? EDITORIAL: Click here for printable version of this editorial. Fascism and Hatred on American AM Radio It has become obvious the oracle of hatred on American AM radio is Clear Channel Worldwide.

2. Barry's Magnetic Levitation Suspend a steel ball in midair using an electromagnet. Complete plans and design information included. Barry's magnetic levitation. These coilguns with control circuits are great! http://www.oz.net/~coilgun/levitation/home.htm

Barry's Magnetic Levitation These coilguns with control circuits are great! Now... How can you use them for magnetic levitation This is slightly off-topic from coilguns, but magnetic levitation has many common design principles and is a little easier to build! Fun Levitation Systems There are many ways to levitate objects magnetically. Here are some fun methods that I've used. The best! ... The Visual Levitation kit ( read my review Do it yourself! The Levitation Engine kit is an inexpensive start Completely free! ... Float your own Magnet over a hard drive Fun toy! The Levitron antigravity spinning top Cheap and cheesy Go to Edmund Scientific and search for "levitator" My Maglev Demonstrator If you hold two magnets close together, you see that one of them will jump strongly toward (or away) from the other. In 1842, Earnshaw expressed this perversity of these inanimate objects in his theorem. It explains this frustrating behavior will always prevent you from suspending one magnet above or below another, no matter how one arranges the two magnets. However, an active control circuit can get around this problem by making the needed adjustments very quickly. The general principle is straight forward: An electromagnet pulls a ball upward until it interrupts a light beam that falls on a photodetector. As less light is detected, the circuit reduces the electromagnet's current. With less current, the coil effect is weaker and the ball falls until the light beam is less blocked. Voila! The ball stays balanced between these spots!

3. Magnetic Levitation ClearlyExplained.Com A quick guide introducing magnetic levitation including definitions and history. http://clearlyexplained.com/technology/maglev/maglev.html

Welcome to.. ClearlyExplained.Com Magnetic Levitation ClearlyExplained.Com 7th August 2002 by Richard Conan-Davies BSc Dip Ed A straightforward and fast information guide to magnetic levitation from ClearlyExplained.Com What Why News ... Future What is magnetic levitation? Essentially it is the use of magnetic fields (or magnetic forces) to levitate a (usually) metallic object. By manipulating magnetic fields and controlling their forces an object can be levitated. more The word 'levitation' comes from the latin word 'levis' meaning 'light'. source : dictionary.com also The Pocket Oxford Dictionary of Current English What Why News How History ... Future Why is magnetic levitation important?

4. Levitron -- Spin Stabilized Magnetic Levitation Earnshaw's theorem of 18423 rules out stable magnetic levitation for static magnetic dipoles, it was not obvious to us how http://www.physics.ucla.edu/marty/levitron

Next: How it works Spin stabilized magnetic levitation Martin D. Simon, UCLA Department of Physics, msimon@physics.ucla.edu Lee O. Heflinger, Torrance CA, and S. L. Ridgway, Santa Monica CA Published in the American Journal of Physics, April 1997 Abstract: The stability of the Levitron cannot be explained if the top's axis has a fixed direction in space. Stability against flipping is not enough. Gyroscopic precession around the local magnetic field direction is necessary. An analysis and numerical integration of the equations of motion for an experimental stemless top that includes gyroscopic precession around the local magnetic field lines predict that the top will be supported stably up to spin speeds of about 3,065 rpm. An upper spin limit of 2779 rpm for this top is observed experimentally and explained as an adiabatic condition. Spin stabilized magnetic levitation is a macroscopic analog of magnetic gradient traps used to confine particles with a quantum magnetic moment. The Levitron ] is a remarkable toy which levitates in air a 22 gram spinning permanent magnet in the form of a small handspun top. The top is spun on a lifter plate on a permanent magnet base and then raised to the levitation height. The top floats about 3.2 cm above the base for over 2 minutes until its spin rate declines due to air resistance to about 1000 rpm. Unlike an earlier magnet toy which requires a thrust bearing plate to stabilize motion along one direction[

5. RUMBA Tube Underground Magnetic Levitation Railway A proposal for a passenger magnetic levitation based railway. Includes analysis of design requirements, network components, and implementation. http://home.t-online.de/home/cbruch/Rumba_e.html

RUMBA R öhren- U ntergrund- M agnetschwebe- Ba hn) (Tube Underground Magnetic Levitation Railway) A Universal Transport System of the Future (deutsche Version) Design Study Contents: The vision The problem The three most important demands The solution ... And now ... The vision: I am on the balcony of my hotel downtown Munich. Yesterday I arrived here and had a calm night. The window was wide open the whole night, fresh spicy air was always to be felt. How beautiful this city is. The silence is overwhelming. Before the hotel is a large park, where in former times there was a road. Birds twitter in the air, one hears children somewhere, who play unimpaired. In the distance I hear sheep. Was the porter right, when he said to me that one of the three city shepherds would come by this morning with his herd? Now they come around the corner. A picture of joy. I quickly get my video camera to capture this scene. This evening, I will show the pictures to my daughter. I have only a little time, until I have to be at a conference at the head office. To cross the city will take me only about eight minutes. How could humans let themselves be so stressed over so many decades by car traffic? How long it took to end this stress. Now that the new transportation network is almost continuous, one hardly can imagine, how difficult it was in former times to get to work by car, the tram or with the railway.

6. Magnetic Levitation For Transportation Researched And Written By Researched and Written By Christopher Muller.Category Science Physics Transportation Publications......magnetic levitation for Transportation. Researched Meanwhile, in Germanyand Japan, magnetic levitation may be an even better solution. Maglev http://www.railserve.com/maglev.html

Home Page Switchyard (Link Directory) Search Forums ICQ List Classified Ads RailServe Membership (E-mail List) Sponsorship Opportunities RailServe Advertising Add a Site Report Link Problems Comments/Suggestions System Status Page About RailServe Apparel Books, Magazines, and Videos Freight Railroads Industry Organizations Model Railroads - Live Steam Music and Sound Effects News Releases Newsgroups, Mailing Lists, and BBS's Passenger and Urban Transit - Africa Passenger and Urban Transit - Asia Passenger and Urban Transit - Europe Passenger and Urban Transit - North America Passenger and Urban Transit - South America RailCams Page Rails-to-Trails Regional Railroading Stock Charts and Investing Tourist Railroads and Museums - North America Tourist Railroads and Museums - World Magnetic Levitation for Transportation Researched and Written By Christopher Muller webmaster@railserve.com "We may perhaps learn to deprive large masses of their gravity and give them absolute levity, for the sake of easy transport." - Benjamin Franklin The need for fast and reliable transportation is increasing throughout the world. High-speed rail has been the solution for many countries. Trains are fast, comfortable, and energy-efficient. The United States is years behind European countries in high-speed rail research and development. Meanwhile, in Germany and Japan, magnetic levitation may be an even better solution.

7. Maglev Current status of magnetic levitation (maglev), press releases, legislation and regulation, links. http://www.fra.dot.gov/rdv/hsgt/maglev_2.htm

Site Index HSGT Overview What's Hot Definition of HSGT ... HSGT Calendar of Events Magnetic Levitation - MAGLEV International HSGT HSGT Legislation and Regulation FRA Environmental Information HSGT Safety ... Maglev Magnetic Levitation (MAGLEV) Maglev Press Releases U.S. Secretary of Transportation Slater Selects Two High Speed Maglev Projects Secretary Slater Announces Finalists for Maglev Technology Deployment Program FRA Report Examines Feasibility of High-Speed Ground Transportation for the U.S. Maglev Legislation and Regulations - The Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century The most recent legislation regarding magnetic levitation (maglev) is the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21), Public Law 105-178, which was enacted June 9, 1998. TEA-21 authorizes the Federal surface transportation programs for the 6-year period 1998-2003. The TEA 21 Restoration Act, enacted July 22, 1998, provided technical corrections to the original law. This web site reflects the combined effect of these two laws and refers to this combination as TEA-21. For maglev issues in TEA-21, this Website contains the related legislative language, fact sheets and related federal register notices and regulations.

8. Device Plans: Room-temperature Meissner-shield Maglev magnetic levitation cradle Lifts a magnet from below. LEVITATOR GIFa 3 inch bar magnet hovers above two circuit boards. The row http://www.amasci.com/maglev/maglev.html

SCIENCE HOBBYIST GUESTBOOK GOOD STUFF NEW STUFF ... HELP! Magnetic Levitation cradle Lifts a magnet from below Based upon an electrically-produced Meissner-like effect I'm a science hobbyist and occasional exhibit designer for science museums. The devices shown here were part of a prototype "room-temperature superconductive table" which never made it to a museum. I thought I'd place it here so students and hobbyists could experiment with this strange maglev effect. This device is not trivial to build, so I would recommend it mostly for ADVANCED HIGH-SCHOOL LEVEL AND ABOVE . If you've never built any electronic devices before, I wouldn't recommend the maglev cradle as your first project. I built mine using parts from a mail-order surplus store. Since you'll be using DIFFERENT surplus parts, my plans are only guidelines for experienced hobbyists rather than detailed instructions for a beginner. Experimentation will be required in order to get this device to work. Also check out " Simple maglev train ", which uses only permanent magnets, and the Science Projects page.

9. Device Plans: Room-temperature Meissner-shield Maglev magnetic levitation links. Also experiments by Bill Beaty. Part of Bill Beaty's extensive science site. http://www.eskimo.com/~billb/maglev/maglev.html

SCIENCE HOBBYIST GUESTBOOK GOOD STUFF NEW STUFF ... HELP! Magnetic Levitation cradle Lifts a magnet from below Based upon an electrically-produced Meissner-like effect I'm a science hobbyist and occasional exhibit designer for science museums. The devices shown here were part of a prototype "room-temperature superconductive table" which never made it to a museum. I thought I'd place it here so students and hobbyists could experiment with this strange maglev effect. This device is not trivial to build, so I would recommend it mostly for ADVANCED HIGH-SCHOOL LEVEL AND ABOVE . If you've never built any electronic devices before, I wouldn't recommend the maglev cradle as your first project. I built mine using parts from a mail-order surplus store. Since you'll be using DIFFERENT surplus parts, my plans are only guidelines for experienced hobbyists rather than detailed instructions for a beginner. Experimentation will be required in order to get this device to work. Also check out " Simple maglev train ", which uses only permanent magnets, and the Science Projects page.

10. MAGLEV MAGNETIC LEVITATION SUSPENSION DEVICE Up to SCIENCE HOBBYIST Up to MAGLEV magnetic levitation DEVICE.Schematic. Parts Halleffect field sensor. Here's the schematic http://www.amasci.com/maglev/magschem.html

Up to SCIENCE HOBBYIST Up to MAGLEV MAGNETIC LEVITATION DEVICE Parts: Hall-effect field sensor Here's the schematic of the device depicted in the photo. Each of the ten coil-assemblies has its own copy of the above circuit. The SS41 is a Microswitch Hall Effect magnetic field sensor IC that I found in All Electronics currently has one for $.50, HESW-5, but it is a surface-mount package with tiny, hard-to-solder leads. The professional supplier for hall-effect devices is Allegro Micro . They probably have a minimum $$ for mail order though. Here are some common Hall effect magnetic field sensors. Also, page down to here. Coil Power Supply The power supply is "bipolar", meaning that you need TWO supplies, one pos and one neg. The coils I used needed 24 volts DC each, so my supply was +-24 (or 48 v with a center common). I could run it for short periods using eight 9v batteries ( +- 36 v). If you use 12 volt coils, you'll be able to use a more common 12V dc supply. Note for experimenters: if you always use the SAME polarity of magnet, you could get rid of one power supply, and the entire circuit becomes simple: just drive the coil with a Darlington transistor switched by the Hall chip and a pullup resistor. The magleve cradle could be built this way if the bar magnet was always inserted in the same direction (but then you could never use this as a maglev train system.) Transistors, diodes

11. Device Plans Room-temperature Meissner-shield Maglev magnetic levitation cradle Lifts a magnet from below Based upon an electricallyproduced Meissner-like effect I'm a science hobbyist and occasional exhibit designer for science museums. http://www.adhesivesystems.com/~billb/maglev/maglev.html

12. Magnetic Levitation - Science Is Fun, By David Sligar magnetic levitation Science is Fun Magnetic, diamagnetic and superconductorlevitation topics and links. Suggest a magnetic levitation link. http://www.geocities.com/dsligar.geo/

Magnetic Levitation - Science is Fun Magnetic, diamagnetic and superconductor levitation topics and links Magnetic, diamagnetic and superconductor levitation topics and links Antimatter, Time Travel, Teleportation and more! News, Weather, Business, Health, Search Engines Inter Species Breeders Association.... has moved! You are invited to link to this site. Suggest a magnetic levitation link This site is dedicated to George R. Frost, (Bell Telephone Laboratories) author of the 1961 book, from sun to sound. This page hosted by Get your own Free Home Page

13. High-Speed Monorail Firm formed to develop highspeed magnetic levitation monorails. http://www.nctransportation.com/

HIGH-SPEED MONORAIL a "Maglift TM " Technology * Perfect for inter-city corridors where highway right-of-way is available and high-speed, high-capacity service is needed. * For crowded metro (commuter) systems where high passenger-carrying capacity is needed and right-of-way is scarce. Summary of this Web Sit e This monorail system has a wrap-around-the-beam design which makes it extraordinarily stable, safe, comfortable, and fast. It is an advance version of earlier monorail designs with greatly improved performance. This high-speed monorail is powered by a linear motor which is very quiet (has no moving parts), drives the monorail at high speeds, enables it to climb steep grades, and operates in rain, snow or ice. By combining this type of fixed guideway system and linear induction motors, a substantial amount of "lift" can be generated as well as "thrust". This Maglift TM technology has been qualified by the federal government as being eligible for federal funding under traditional "maglev" programs. However, this Maglift

14. Magnetic Levitation Is magnetic levitation Possible? A theorem due to Samuel Earnshaw proves that it is not possible to achieve static http://www-hfml.sci.kun.nl/hfml/levitation-possible.html

[Physics FAQ] Original by Philip Gibbs and Andre Geim, 18-March-1997 Is Magnetic Levitation Possible? A theorem due to Samuel Earnshaw proves that it is not possible to achieve static levitation using any combination of fixed magnets and electric charges. Static levitation means stable suspension of an object against gravity. There are, however, a few ways of to levitate by getting round the assumptions of the theorem. Earnshaw's Theorem The proof of Earnshaw's theorem is very simple if you understand some basic vector calculus. The static force as a function of position F x acting on any body in vacuum due to gravitation, electrostatic and magnetostatic fields will always be divergenceless. div F . At a point of equilibrium the force is zero. If the equilibrium is stable the force must point in towards the point of equilibrium on some small sphere around the point. However, by Gauss' theorem, F x ).d S F dV /S /V the integral of the radial component of the force over the surface must be equal to the integral of the divergence of the force over the volume inside which is zero. QED! This theorem even applies to extended bodies which may even be flexible and conducting so long as they are not diamagnetic. They will always be unstable to lateral rigid displacements of the body in some direction about any position of equilibrium. You cannot get round it using any combination of fixed magnets with fixed pendulums or whatever.

15. HFML, Levitation This is the first observation of magnetic levitation of living organisms as wellas the first images of diamagnetics levitated in a normal, roomtemperature http://www-hfml.sci.kun.nl/hfml/froglev.html

The Frog That Learned to Fly (Molecular Magnetism and Levitation) Seeing is believing: Bitter solenoid in a magnetic field of about 16 Tesla at the Nijmegen High Field Magnet Laboratory. Why Frogs ? To the MOVIES of levitating objects. Whether an object will or will not levitate in a magnetic field B is defined by the balance between the magnetic force F = M B and gravity mg = V g where is the material density, V is the volume and g = 9.8m/s . The magnetic moment M = ( )VB so that F = ( )BV B = ( )V B . Therefore, the vertical field gradient B required for levitation has to be larger than g/ . Molecular susceptibilities are typically for diamagnetics and for paramagnetic materials and, since is most often a few g/cm , their magnetic levitation requires field gradients and 10 T /m, respectively. Taking l = 10cm as a typical size of high-field magnets and B ~ B /l as an estimate, we find that fields of the order of 1 and 10T are sufficient to cause levitation of para- and diamagnetics. This result should not come as a surprise because, as we know, magnetic fields of less than 0.1T can levitate a superconductor ( = -1) and, from the formulas above, the magnetic force increases as

16. Levitron Top To Fantazein Clock - Cool Science Toys & Gifts. Offering magnetic levitation products, water fountains, and toys. http://www.innovatoys.com/

Innovative Toys and Gifts SEARCH Home Products Levitron Shipping ... Contact Us Levitron Tops to Fantazein clocks - Visit us often to see the latest Levitron inventions plus our other imaginative toy and gift items. Please use the Search feature or select from the below Categories. Unique Gifts Persistence of vision clock and other executive wonders Water Falls Stretches water miraculously across space! Levitation using only the forces of permanent magnets Sand Art Create Dynamic Sand Sculptures Innovative Toys Amazing and Unique and XyNexT Internet Strategies

17. Magnetic Levitation magnetic levitation of the carrier and its vehicle on the experimental track requires about 200 kilowatts of http://www1.msfc.nasa.gov/NEWSROOM/astptechbriefs/Maglev.pdf

18. The Pennsylvania Project - High Speed Maglev Site regarding the proposed magnetic levitation train between Greensburg, Monroeville, Pittsburgh, and the Pittsburgh International Airport. http://www.maglevpa.com/

What's New Public Hearing Information View Aerial Mapping of Alignments Maglev images courtesy of Transrapid International

19. Schematic For The Antigravity Relay magnetic levitation Schematic. http://www.oz.net/~coilgun/levitation/schematic.htm

Magnetic Levitation Schematic -Page: Why Home Up ... Parts List Last update May 4, 2002 by Barry hits

20. 'Maglev' Dreams Floating On Air The idea of magnetic levitation trains is not a new one, but the technology behind them up has always been too costly. That may be about to change. By Heidi Kriz. Wired News http://www.wired.com/news/news/story/17331.html

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