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Publisher: London J. MurrayPublication date: 1817Subjects: Algebra -- Early works to 1800Mathematics, ArabNotes: This is an OCR reprint. There may be typos or missing text. There are no illustrations or indexes.When you buy the General Books edition of this book you get free trial access to Million-Books.com where you can select from more than a million books for free. You can also preview the book there. ... Read more

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Brahmagupta was the first to consider zero as a number on its own right.Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division were known to Greeks, Chinese and many other civilizations.Greeks conducted these operations using Greek numbers.These pre Brahmagupta methods were extremely cumbersome.Methods we use today based on Hindu Arabic number system was due to Brahmagupta.Brahmagupta gave rules for addition, subtraction, multiplication and division in his book Brahmasputa Siddhanta.He was also the first to incorporate negative numbers to the number system.Brahmagupta is also the first to solve the quadratic equation using general methods.Greek mathematician Diophantus solved the quadratic equation using special ad hoc methods prior to Brahmagupta.Brahmagupta is the first to start solving equations using general methods.Four fundamental operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication and division) discovered by Brahmagupta are used today in engineering, mathematics, commerce and science. ... Read more

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Chapters: Brahmagupta. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 60. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Brahmagupta (Sanskrit: ; (·)) (598668) was an Indian mathematician and astronomer. Brahmagupta wrote important works on mathematics and astronomy. In particular he wrote Brahmasphutasiddhanta (Correctly Established Doctrine of Brahma), in 628. The work was written in 25 chapters and Brahmagupta tells us in the text that he wrote it at Bhillamala which today is the city of Bhinmal. This was the capital of the lands ruled by the Gurjara dynasty. Brahmagupta was born in 598 CE(it is believed) in Bhinmal city in the state of Rajasthan of northwest India. He likely lived most of his life in Bhillamala (modern Bhinmal in Rajasthan) in the empire of Harsha during the reign (and possibly under the patronage) of King Vyaghramukha. As a result, Brahmagupta is often referred to as Bhillamalacarya, that is, the teacher from Bhillamala Bhinmal. He was the head of the astronomical observatory at Ujjain, and during his tenure there wrote four texts on mathematics and astronomy: the Cadamekela in 624, the Brahmasphutasiddhanta in 628, the Khandakhadyaka in 665, and the Durkeamynarda in 672. The Brahmasphutasiddhanta (Corrected Treatise of Brahma) is arguably his most famous work. The historian al-Biruni (c. 1050) in his book Tariq al-Hind states that the Abbasid caliph al-Ma'mun had an embassy in India and from India a book was brought to Baghdad which was translated into Arabic as Sindhind. It is generally presumed that Sindhind is none other than Brahmagupta's Brahmasphuta-siddhanta. Although Brahmagupta was familiar with the works of astronomers following the tradition of Aryabhatiya, it is not known if he was familiar with the work of Bhaskara I, a contemporary. Brahmagupta had a plethora of criticism ...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=297206 ... Read more

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Purchase includes free access to book updates online and a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Brahmagupta (Sanskrit: ; (·)) (598668) was an Indian mathematician and astronomer. Brahmagupta wrote important works on mathematics and astronomy. In particular he wrote Brahmasphutasiddhanta (Correctly Established Doctrine of Brahma), in 628. The work was written in 25 chapters and Brahmagupta tells us in the text that he wrote it at Bhillamala which today is the city of Bhinmal. This was the capital of the lands ruled by the Gurjara dynasty. Brahmagupta was born in 598 CE(it is believed) in Bhinmal city in the state of Rajasthan of northwest India. He likely lived most of his life in Bhillamala (modern Bhinmal in Rajasthan) in the empire of Harsha during the reign (and possibly under the patronage) of King Vyaghramukha. As a result, Brahmagupta is often referred to as Bhillamalacarya, that is, the teacher from Bhillamala Bhinmal. He was the head of the astronomical observatory at Ujjain, and during his tenure there wrote four texts on mathematics and astronomy: the Cadamekela in 624, the Brahmasphutasiddhanta in 628, the Khandakhadyaka in 665, and the Durkeamynarda in 672. The Brahmasphutasiddhanta (Corrected Treatise of Brahma) is arguably his most famous work. The historian al-Biruni (c. 1050) in his book Tariq al-Hind states that the Abbasid caliph al-Ma'mun had an embassy in India and from India a book was brought to Baghdad which was translated into Arabic as Sindhind. It is generally presumed that Sindhind is none other than Brahmagupta's Brahmasphuta-siddhanta. Although Brahmagupta was familiar with the works of astronomers following the tradition of Aryabhatiya, it is not known if he was familiar with the work of Bhaskara I, a contemporary. Brahmagupta had a plethora of criticism directed towards the work of rival astronomers, and i... More: http://booksllc.net/?id=297206 ... Read more

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Les achats comprennent une adhésion à l'essai gratuite au club de livres de l'éditeur, dans lequel vous pouvez choisir parmi plus d'un million d'ouvrages, sans frais. Le livre consiste d'articles Wikipedia sur : Constant Ii, Saint Wandrille, Brahmagupta. Non illustré. Mises à jour gratuites en ligne. Extrait : Constant II, de son nom officiel Héraclius Constantin, (630-668), fils de Constantin III et de Grégoria, est empereur byzantin de 641 à 668. Initialement nommé Héraclius, il accède au trône impérial à l'âge de 11 ans, renommé Constantin, et surnommé Constant, "petit Constantin", en l'honneur de son père récemment disparu. Certains historiens font observer qu'il faudrait plutôt le nommer Constantin III, et son père Constantin II. Plusieurs empereurs de cette dynastie portent les noms d'Héraclius et de Constantin, ce qui entraîne parfois des difficultés d'identification. Il est couronné à la faveur d'une sédition contre Martine, veuve d'Héraclius 1er, et son fils Héraclonas, suspectés tous deux d'avoir fait périr Constantin III pour se réserver le pouvoir : en septembre 641, Martine et Héraclonas sont renversés, mutilés et exilés par le général Valentin, officier promu par Constantin III. Au début du règne, la régence est officiellement confiée au patriarche Paul II de Constantinople (641-653) et au sénat, mais le pouvoir est exercé par Valentin, qui dès 642 marie sa fille Fausta au jeune empereur. Ces années sont catastrophiques pour l'Empire, envahi par les Arabes musulmans : après la Palestine et la Syrie, c'est au tour de l'Égypte, la province la plus riche et la plus peuplée, d'être attaquée. Dès novembre 641, Alexandrie se rend au général musulman `Amr, qui accorde aux fidèles de l'Empire 11 mois pour quitter la ville; le 29 septembre 642, le vainqueur fait son entrée dans la ville. Malgré l'envoi, fin 645, du général Manuel qui réoccupe Alexandrie pendant quelques mois, mais est finalement repoussé (bataille de Niki...http://booksllc.net/?l=fr ... Read more

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Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Chapters: Brahmagupta, Anania Shirakatsi, Bhāskara I. Source: Wikipedia. Free updates online. Not illustrated. Excerpt: Brahmagupta (Sanskrit: ; ( · )) (598668) was an Indian mathematician and astronomer. Brahmagupta wrote important works on mathematics and astronomy. In particular he wrote Brahmasphutasiddhanta (Correctly Established Doctrine of Brahma), in 628. The work was written in 25 chapters and Brahmagupta tells us in the text that he wrote it at Bhillamala which today is the city of Bhinmal. This was the capital of the lands ruled by the Gurjara dynasty. Brahmagupta was born in 598 CE(it is believed) in Bhinmal city in the state of Rajasthan of northwest India. He likely lived most of his life in Bhillamala (modern Bhinmal in Rajasthan) in the empire of Harsha during the reign (and possibly under the patronage) of King Vyaghramukha. As a result, Brahmagupta is often referred to as Bhillamalacarya, that is, the teacher from Bhillamala Bhinmal. He was the head of the astronomical observatory at Ujjain, and during his tenure there wrote four texts on mathematics and astronomy: the Cadamekela in 624, the Brahmasphutasiddhanta in 628, the Khandakhadyaka in 665, and the Durkeamynarda in 672. The Brahmasphutasiddhanta (Corrected Treatise of Brahma) is arguably his most famous work. The historian al-Biruni (c. 1050) in his book Tariq al-Hind states that the Abbasid caliph al-Ma'mun had an embassy in India and from India a book was brought to Baghdad which was translated into Arabic as Sindhind. It is generally presumed that Sindhind is none other than Brahmagupta's Brahmasphuta-siddhanta. Although Brahmagupta was familiar with the works of astronomers following the tradition of Aryabhatiya, it is not known if he was familiar with the work of Bhaskara I, a contemporary. Brahmagupta had a p...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=297206 ... Read more

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Chapters: Brahmagupta, Bhagraj Choudhary, Kanhad Dev, Magha, Gopal Singh. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 32. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Brahmagupta (Sanskrit: ; (·)) (598668) was an Indian mathematician and astronomer. Brahmagupta wrote important works on mathematics and astronomy. In particular he wrote Brahmasphutasiddhanta (Correctly Established Doctrine of Brahma), in 628. The work was written in 25 chapters and Brahmagupta tells us in the text that he wrote it at Bhillamala which today is the city of Bhinmal. This was the capital of the lands ruled by the Gurjara dynasty. Brahmagupta was born in 598 CE(it is believed) in Bhinmal city in the state of Rajasthan of northwest India. He likely lived most of his life in Bhillamala (modern Bhinmal in Rajasthan) in the empire of Harsha during the reign (and possibly under the patronage) of King Vyaghramukha. As a result, Brahmagupta is often referred to as Bhillamalacarya, that is, the teacher from Bhillamala Bhinmal. He was the head of the astronomical observatory at Ujjain, and during his tenure there wrote four texts on mathematics and astronomy: the Cadamekela in 624, the Brahmasphutasiddhanta in 628, the Khandakhadyaka in 665, and the Durkeamynarda in 672. The Brahmasphutasiddhanta (Corrected Treatise of Brahma) is arguably his most famous work. The historian al-Biruni (c. 1050) in his book Tariq al-Hind states that the Abbasid caliph al-Ma'mun had an embassy in India and from India a book was brought to Baghdad which was translated into Arabic as Sindhind. It is generally presumed that Sindhind is none other than Brahmagupta's Brahmasphuta-siddhanta. Although Brahmagupta was familiar with the works of astronomers following the tradition of Aryabhatiya, it is not known if he was familiar with the work of Bhaskara I, a con...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=297206 ... Read more

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Les achats comprennent une adhésion à l'essai gratuite au club de livres de l'éditeur, dans lequel vous pouvez choisir parmi plus d'un million d'ouvrages, sans frais. Le livre consiste d'articles Wikipedia sur : Parallélogramme, Rectangle, Losange, Trapèze, Carré, Cerf-Volant, Formule de Brahmagupta, Antiparallélogramme, Pseudo-Carré. Non illustré. Mises à jour gratuites en ligne. Extrait : En géométrie plane, un quadrilatère (parfois appelé tétrapleure ou tétragone) est un polygone à quatre côtés. Les trapèzes, parallélogrammes, losanges, rectangles, carrés et cerfs-volant sont des quadrilatères particuliers. Le mot quadrilatère provient du latin : quatuor, quatre et latus, lateris, côté. Le mot équivalent d'origine grecque est tétrapleure (de τέττερα / tettera, quatre et πλευρά / pleura, côté) ou tétragone (de γωνία / gônia, angle). Le mot tétragone était employé par Gerbert d'Aurillac au siècle et par Oresme au siècle. Le terme quadrilatère est introduit en 1554 par Peletier. Certains auteurs latins employaient le mot « quadrangle » (Alcuin, siècle) ou « helmuariphe », terme d'origine arabe (Campanus, siècle, et d'autres à la Renaissance). Pour les Grecs, un quadrilatère avec un angle rentrant s'appelait un « koïlogone » (de κοιλοσ / koïlos, creux), et certains appelaient « trapèze » un quadrilatère dont tous les côtés sont inégaux. « Tétragone » est employé par Euclide dans Les Éléments pour désigner le carré. Un quadrilatère est la figure notée « ABCD » formée par : Les sommets A et C sont dits opposés ; ainsi que les sommets B et D.Les diagonales et joignent les sommets opposés. Un quadrilatère peut être : En géométrie élémentaire, une grande place est accordée aux quadrilatères convexes. Un quadrilatère est convexe si et seulement si, quel que soit le côté que l'on choisit, le quadrilatère est entièrement inclus dans un demi-plan dont la frontière porte ce côté. Cette caractérisation est générale à tout polygone convexe. ...http://booksllc.net/?l=fr ... Read more

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High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! In algebra, Brahmagupta's identity, also sometimes called Fibonacci's identity, implies that the product of two sums of two squares is itself a sum of two squares. In other words, the set of all sums of two squares is closed under multiplication.In mathematics, a set is said to be closed under some operation if performance of that operation on members of the set always produces a member of the set. For example, the real numbers are closed under subtraction, but the natural numbers are not: 3 and 7 are both natural numbers, but the result of 3 − 7 is not. Similarly, a set is said to be closed under a collection of operations if it is closed under each of the operations individually. ... Read more

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High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! The name of this equation arose from Leonhard Euler's mistakenly attributing its study to John Pell. Euler was aware of the work of Lord Brouncker, the first European mathematician to find a general solution of the equation, but apparently confused Brouncker with Pell. This equation was first studied extensively in ancient India, starting with Brahmagupta, who developed the chakravala method to solve Pell's equation and other quadratic indeterminate equations in his Brahma Sphuta Siddhanta in 628, about a thousand years before Pell's time. His Brahma Sphuta Siddhanta was translated into Arabic in 773 and was subsequently translated into Latin in 1126. Bhaskara II in the 12th century and Narayana in the 14th century both found general solutions to Pell's equation and other quadratic indeterminate equations. Solutions to specific examples of the Pell equation, such as the Pell numbers arising from the equation with n = 2, had been known for much longer, since the time of Pythagoras in Greece and to a similar date in India. ... Read more

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Chapters: Brahmagupta, Paramhans Swami Maheshwarananda, Thakur Deshraj, List of People From Rajasthan, Ram Rahim Singh, Ranabai, Guru Jambheshwar, Baldev Ram Mirdha, Irrfan Khan, Acharya Rajendrasuri, Shreya Ghoshal, Uttam Prakash Agarwal, Meera, Samin K. Sharma, Rani Padmini, Ghanshyam Das Birla, Raghubir Singh, Har Lal Singh, Harakh Chand Nahata, Bahadur Singh Bhobia, Acharya Tulsi, Kan Singh Parihar, Naresh Chandra, Prabhu Lal Bhatnagar, Alladiya Khan, Mandan Mishra, Pandit Jasraj, Mahendra Bhandari, Pamella Bordes, Chand Bardai, Bhanwari Kaur, Guru Hanuman, Mansukh Ranwa, Saakshi Tanwar, Dalel Singh, Basu Chatterjee, Gitanjali Mathur, Hardev Singh Nehra, P. K. Sethi, Jyotirmoyee Devi, Kiran Sankhla, Bimal Jalan, Chitranjan Singh Ranawat, Gulab Khandelwal, Hubert Webb, Sultan Khan, Abhey Singh, Alok Bhargava, Bisheshwar Nath Reu, Kanwar Bahadur Singh, Ravi Shankar Godara, Sharib Sabri, Rana Hemant Singh, Bhagat Dhanna, Raisal of Khandela, Bhagwandas Bagla, Om Thanvi, Jaimal and Patta, Karpoor Chand Kulish, Nagendra Singh, Kiran Soni Gupta, Manu Bhandari, Dhrupad Mathur, Thakur Bhojraj, Muni Jayanandvijay, B. G. Sharma, Usha Rani Hooja, Sultan Singh Rathore, Om Prakash Gurjar, Lakshmi Kumari Chundawat, Rai Bahadur Tirath Singh Bakshi, Jainendra K. Jain, Malchand Tiwari, Abdul Vaheed `kamal', Bhamashah, Somadevi, Kanu Banerjee, Bharat Vyas, Dharmendar Kanwar, Magha, Gora Badal, T. N. Chaturvedi, List of Chief Secretaries of Rajasthan, Foolabai, Chandra Prakash Deval, Bankidas Asiya, Narayan Singh Bhati, Hadi Rani, Dariyavji, List of Chief Justices of Rajasthan High Court, Sri Sadiq Ali, Jagdish Lal Raj Soni, Purushottam Das, Panna Dai, N. R. Malkani, Swarupadas, Rajendra Singh, Karmabai, K. C. Bokadia, Sunderdas, Sūdan, Bhogilal Pandya, Ratan Shastri, Muhnot Nainsi, Ratna Fabri, Beni Ram Soni, Dalchand, Vaidya Suresh Chaturvedi, Rawal Mallinath, Mohanlal Chaturbhuj Kumhar, Nand Lal Nehru, Puran Bhatt, Jorawar Singh Jhala. S...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=297206 ... Read more

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Aus Wikipedia. Nicht dargestellt. Auszug: Srīnivāsa Aiyangār Rāmānujan FRS, better known as Srinivasa Iyengar Ramanujan (Tamil: ) (22 December 1887 - 26 April 1920) was an Indian mathematician and autodidact who, with almost no formal training in pure mathematics, made substantial contributions to mathematical analysis, number theory, infinite series and continued fractions. Born and raised in Erode, Tamil Nadu, India, Ramanujan first encountered formal mathematics at age 10. He demonstrated a natural ability, and was given books on advanced trigonometry written by S L Loney. He had mastered them by age 12, and even discovered theorems of his own. He demonstrated unusual mathematical skills at school, winning accolades and awards. By 17, Ramanujan conducted his own mathematical research on Bernoulli numbers and the Euler-Mascheroni constant. He received a scholarship to study at Government College in Kumbakonam, but lost it when he failed his non-mathematical coursework. He joined another college to pursue independent mathematical research, working as a clerk in the Accountant-General's office at the Madras Port Trust Office to support himself. In 1912-1913, he sent samples of his theorems to three academics at the University of Cambridge. Only G. H. Hardy recognized the brilliance of his work, subsequently inviting Ramanujan to visit and work with him at Cambridge. He became a Fellow of the Royal Society and a Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, dying of illness, malnutrition and possibly liver infection in 1920 at the age of 32. During his short lifetime, Ramanujan independently compiled nearly 3900 results (mostly identities and equations). Although a small number of these results were actually false and some were already known, most of his claims have now been proven correct. He stated results that were both original and highly unconventional, such as the Ramanujan prime and the Ramanujan theta function, and these have in...http://booksllc.net/?l=de ... Read more

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Chapters: Ancient Indian Mathematicians, Ancient Indian Physicians, Nagarjuna, Brahmagupta, Aryabhata, Sushruta Samhita, Bhāskara I, Baudhayana, Charaka, Pingala, Brahmadeva, Pythagorean Approximation, Madhav, Jayadeva, Vagbhata, Halayudha, Gopala, Aryabhata Ii. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 79. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Brahmagupta (Sanskrit: ; (·)) (598668) was an Indian mathematician and astronomer. Brahmagupta wrote important works on mathematics and astronomy. In particular he wrote Brahmasphutasiddhanta (Correctly Established Doctrine of Brahma), in 628. The work was written in 25 chapters and Brahmagupta tells us in the text that he wrote it at Bhillamala which today is the city of Bhinmal. This was the capital of the lands ruled by the Gurjara dynasty. Brahmagupta was born in 598 CE(it is believed) in Bhinmal city in the state of Rajasthan of northwest India. He likely lived most of his life in Bhillamala (modern Bhinmal in Rajasthan) in the empire of Harsha during the reign (and possibly under the patronage) of King Vyaghramukha. As a result, Brahmagupta is often referred to as Bhillamalacarya, that is, the teacher from Bhillamala Bhinmal. He was the head of the astronomical observatory at Ujjain, and during his tenure there wrote four texts on mathematics and astronomy: the Cadamekela in 624, the Brahmasphutasiddhanta in 628, the Khandakhadyaka in 665, and the Durkeamynarda in 672. The Brahmasphutasiddhanta (Corrected Treatise of Brahma) is arguably his most famous work. The historian al-Biruni (c. 1050) in his book Tariq al-Hind states that the Abbasid caliph al-Ma'mun had an embassy in India and from India a book was brought to Baghdad which was translated into Arabic as Sindhind. It is generally presumed that Sindhind is none other than Brahmagupta's Brahmasp...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=297206 ... Read more

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Purchase includes free access to book updates online and a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Brahmagupta (Sanskrit: ; (·)) (598668) was an Indian mathematician and astronomer. Brahmagupta wrote important works on mathematics and astronomy. In particular he wrote Brahmasphutasiddhanta (Correctly Established Doctrine of Brahma), in 628. The work was written in 25 chapters and Brahmagupta tells us in the text that he wrote it at Bhillamala which today is the city of Bhinmal. This was the capital of the lands ruled by the Gurjara dynasty. Brahmagupta was born in 598 CE(it is believed) in Bhinmal city in the state of Rajasthan of northwest India. He likely lived most of his life in Bhillamala (modern Bhinmal in Rajasthan) in the empire of Harsha during the reign (and possibly under the patronage) of King Vyaghramukha. As a result, Brahmagupta is often referred to as Bhillamalacarya, that is, the teacher from Bhillamala Bhinmal. He was the head of the astronomical observatory at Ujjain, and during his tenure there wrote four texts on mathematics and astronomy: the Cadamekela in 624, the Brahmasphutasiddhanta in 628, the Khandakhadyaka in 665, and the Durkeamynarda in 672. The Brahmasphutasiddhanta (Corrected Treatise of Brahma) is arguably his most famous work. The historian al-Biruni (c. 1050) in his book Tariq al-Hind states that the Abbasid caliph al-Ma'mun had an embassy in India and from India a book was brought to Baghdad which was translated into Arabic as Sindhind. It is generally presumed that Sindhind is none other than Brahmagupta's Brahmasphuta-siddhanta. Although Brahmagupta was familiar with the works of astronomers following the tradition of Aryabhatiya, it is not known if he was familiar with the work of Bhaskara I, a contemporary. Brahmagupta had a plethora of criticism directed towards the work of rival astronomers, and i... More: http://booksllc.net/?id=297206 ... Read more

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The chakravala method is a cyclic algorithm to solve indeterminate quadratic equations, including Pell's equation. It is commonly attributed to Bh?skara II, (c. 1114 ? 1185 CE) although some attribute it to Jayadeva (c. 950 ~ 1000 CE). Jayadeva pointed out that Brahmagupta's approach to solving equations of this type could be generalized, and he then described this general method, which was later refined by Bh?skara II in his Bijaganita treatise. He called it the Chakravala method: chakra meaning "wheel" in Sanskrit, a reference to the cyclic nature of the algorithm. E. O. Selenius held that no European performances at the time of Bh?skara, nor much later, exceeded its marvellous height of mathematical complexity. This method is also known as the cyclic method and contains traces of mathematical induction. The problems which were solved by Brahmagupta in 628 using the chakravala method were indeterminate quadratic equations, including Pell's equation for minimum integers x and y. ... Read more

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Chapters: Brahmagupta. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 234. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Brahmagupta (Sanskrit: ; (·)) (598668) was an Indian mathematician and astronomer. Brahmagupta wrote important works on mathematics and astronomy. In particular he wrote Brahmasphutasiddhanta (Correctly Established Doctrine of Brahma), in 628. The work was written in 25 chapters and Brahmagupta tells us in the text that he wrote it at Bhillamala which today is the city of Bhinmal. This was the capital of the lands ruled by the Gurjara dynasty. Brahmagupta was born in 598 CE(it is believed) in Bhinmal city in the state of Rajasthan of northwest India. He likely lived most of his life in Bhillamala (modern Bhinmal in Rajasthan) in the empire of Harsha during the reign (and possibly under the patronage) of King Vyaghramukha. As a result, Brahmagupta is often referred to as Bhillamalacarya, that is, the teacher from Bhillamala Bhinmal. He was the head of the astronomical observatory at Ujjain, and during his tenure there wrote four texts on mathematics and astronomy: the Cadamekela in 624, the Brahmasphutasiddhanta in 628, the Khandakhadyaka in 665, and the Durkeamynarda in 672. The Brahmasphutasiddhanta (Corrected Treatise of Brahma) is arguably his most famous work. The historian al-Biruni (c. 1050) in his book Tariq al-Hind states that the Abbasid caliph al-Ma'mun had an embassy in India and from India a book was brought to Baghdad which was translated into Arabic as Sindhind. It is generally presumed that Sindhind is none other than Brahmagupta's Brahmasphuta-siddhanta. Although Brahmagupta was familiar with the works of astronomers following the tradition of Aryabhatiya, it is not known if he was familiar with the work of Bhaskara I, a contemporary. Brahmagupta had a plethora of criticism...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=297206 ... Read more

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Aus Wikipedia. Nicht dargestellt. Auszug: Brahmagupta (Sanskrit: ; (·)) (598-668) was an Indian mathematician and astronomer. Brahmagupta wrote important works on mathematics and astronomy. In particular he wrote Brahmasphutasiddhanta (Correctly Established Doctrine of Brahma), in 628. The work was written in 25 chapters and Brahmagupta tells us in the text that he wrote it at Bhillamal which today is the city of Bhinmal. This was the capital of the lands ruled by the Gurjara dynasty. Brahmagupta was born in 598 CE(it is believed) in Bhinmal city in the state of Rajasthan of northwest India. He likely lived most of his life in Bhillamala (modern Bhinmal in Rajasthan) in the empire of Harsha during the reign (and possibly under the patronage) of King Vyaghramukha. As a result, Brahmagupta is often referred to as Bhillamalacarya, that is, the teacher from Bhillamala Bhinmal. He was the head of the astronomical observatory at Ujjain, and during his tenure there wrote four texts on mathematics and astronomy: the Cadamekela in 624, the Brahmasphutasiddhanta in 628, the Khandakhadyaka in 665, and the Durkeamynarda in 672. The Brahmasphutasiddhanta (Corrected Treatise of Brahma) is arguably his most famous work. The historian al-Biruni (c. 1050) in his book Tariq al-Hind states that the Abbasid caliph al-Ma'mun had an embassy in India and from India a book was brought to Baghdad which was translated into Arabic as Sindhind. It is generally presumed that Sindhind is none other than Brahmagupta's Brahmasphuta-siddhanta. Although Brahmagupta was familiar with the works of astronomers following the tradition of Aryabhatiya, it is not known if he was familiar with the work of Bhaskara I, a contemporary. Brahmagupta had a plethora of criticism directed towards the work of rival astronomers, and in his Brahmasphutasiddhanta is found one of the earliest attested schisms among Indian mathematicians. The division was primarily about the appli...http://booksllc.net/?l=de ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from Science and Its Times, brought to you by Gale®, a part of Cengage Learning, a world leader in e-research and educational publishing for libraries, schools and businesses.The length of the article is 590 words.The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase.You can view it with any web browser.The histories of science, technology, and mathematics merge with the study of humanities and social science in this interdisciplinary reference work. Essays on people, theories, discoveries, and concepts are combined with overviews, bibliographies of primary documents, and chronological elements to offer students a fascinating way to understand the impact of science on the course of human history and how science affects everyday life. Entries represent people and developments throughout the world, from about 2000 B.C. through the end of the twentieth century. ... Read more

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Leonardo Pisano Bogollo, (c. 1170 ? c. 1250) also known as Leonardo of Pisa,Leonardo Pisano,Leonardo Bonacci,Leonardo Fibonacci, or, most commonly, simplyFibonacci, was an Italian mathematician, considered by some "the most talented mathematician of the Middle Ages". ... Read more