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This book examines economic aspects of the role of women’s education in the postponement of maternity in ten industrialized countries or regions: Sweden, Norway, Italy, Spain, Ireland, the Netherlands and Western Germany, the Czech Republic and Eastern Germany, and the United States. Each is investigated using survey data relating age at motherhood with the investment in education of the mother. The result is a detailed picture of the economics of fertility decisions.

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This book follows the social, economic and demographic transformations of the Alpine area from the late Middle Ages. Its aim is to reassess the image of the upland community which emerges from the work of historians, geographers and social anthropologists. The book therefore deals at length with such problems as the causes and consequences of emigration and patterns of marriage and inheritance in favouring or hampering the adjustments of local populations to changing economic or ecological circumstances, and tackles the vexed question of the relative importance of cultural and environmental factors in shaping family forms and community structures. Although its foundation lies in a long period of anthropological fieldwork conducted in an Alpine community, Upland Communities relies on the methods and conceptual tools of historical demography. Combined with a long-term historical perspective, its broad comparative approach unveils an unexpected diversity in regional and spatial demographic patterns and questions a number of deep-rooted but ultimately misleading notions concerning mountain society and its alleged backwardness in the past. ... Read more

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Begun as a critique of J.S. Mill, Hawley's first and most important work evolved into a significant original contribution to the theory of the risk-taking entrepreneur as a principal factor of production, and concomitantly, to the risk theory of profit. J.A. Schumpeter admired Hawley's work for its focus on the entrepreneur and appraised it, together with the work of Frank H. Knight, as the most successful development of Mill's element of risk. Hawley also contributed to the theory of underconsumption and took a radical stance towards maldistribution of income. "An original and rigorous thinker, Hawley anticipated much that has since found acceptance in economic theory." Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences ... Read more

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Publisher: New York, Columbia UniversityPublication date: 1909Subjects: ManhattanvilleUnited States -- Social conditionsNotes: This is an OCR reprint. There may be typos or missing text. There are no illustrations or indexes.When you buy the General Books edition of this book you get free trial access to Million-Books.com where you can select from more than a million books for free. You can also preview the book there. ... Read more

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Many industrialized countries are facing large problems withtheir public pension systems in the 21st century. An unfavourable agedistribution, with lower population shares in working ages andincreasing shares and numbers of elderly persons in the future willlead, under current pension systems, to a drop in contributions and atthe same time to sharply rising amounts of benefits paid.
This book analyzes the impact of dynamics in age structure and maritalstatus composition on future public pension expenditures in twelveindustrialized countries. It shows that there is no demographicresponse to population ageing at the horizon 2030. Neither an increasein fertility nor an inflow of migrants can rejuvenate nationalpopulations, unless fertility and/or migration reach unrealisticallyhigh levels. Therefore, the overall conclusion of this book is thatdemographic variables are of limited help to relieve the burden offuture public pension expenditures. Substantial reductions of thepublic pension burden have to be sought in socioeconomic measures, andnot in adjusting demographic conditions.
The book includes various demographic and pension scenarios forpension costs in the coming decades for Austria, Canada, the Czech andSlovak Republics, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, theNetherlands, Norway, Poland, and Sweden. Not only old age pensions,but also disability and survivor pensions have been investigated.Variant projections were calculated for changes in demographic, labourforce, and pension system variables. In addition, separate casestudies for three countries deal with: a pension system in Austria inwhich benefits depend on the number children ever born; the impact ofhousehold dynamics on social security in the Netherlands, not justmarriage and marriage dissolution; and with the consequences ofeconomic growth for public pensions in Sweden.
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Death and the Metropolis offers a powerful analysis of demographic patterns in London over the 'long eighteenth century', concentrating on mortality but also including data on marital fertility, population structure and migration. The study is based on a variety of sources including weekly and annual Bills of Mortality, parish registers and Quaker vital registers, and employs the techniques of family reconstitution and aggregative analysis. The data are analysed within the framework of a structural model of mortality change comprising the proximate determinants of exposure to, and resistance against, infectious agents on the the part of populations. Within this framework a model is established describing the specific demographic and epidemiological characteristics of early modern metropolitan centres. The evidence indicates that mortality in London was much higher than in other settlements in England for most of the period, but declined steeply in the later eighteenth century. This apparently reflected changes in exposure to infections. ... Read more