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This digital document is a journal article from Forest Ecology and Management, published by Elsevier in 2004. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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We assessed species composition, richness and abundance of understory vegetation, as well as arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) inoculum potential on the San Francisco Peaks, tallest mountains in Arizona, crossing a steep, south-facing elevational gradient. These mountains have a high conservation value due to their rare habitats but previous vegetation studies have been limited. Because mature trees in the Pinaceae do not form associations with AM fungi, there may be more variation in plant community and AM fungal associations in coniferous forest than in ecosystems where all species associate with AM fungi. Differences in species composition between forest types reflected differences in the historical disturbance regimes. Species richness was highest in ponderosa pine forest (32.6 +/- 1.4 per 1000m^2 plot), although plant abundance was highest in aspen forest (49.4 +/- 3.8%). Ponderosa pine and bristlecone pine forest were both high in species richness and contained species which were tolerant of frequent, low-intensity fire. Exotic species richness and abundance were highest in the lower elevations, which were also areas of high species richness and greater anthropogenic disturbance. Arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculum potential varied widely (1.2-80.1%), decreasing with increases in tree cover. We suggest indicator species that may be of use in monitoring these forests under changing climate and fire regimes. ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from Revista de Biología Tropical, published by Thomson Gale on March 1, 2006. The length of the article is 4430 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Establishment of Desmoncus orthacanthos Martius (Arecaceae): effect of inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizae.
Author: José A. Ramos-Zapata
Publication: Revista de Biología Tropical (Magazine/Journal)
Date: March 1, 2006
Publisher: Thomson Gale
Volume: 54Issue: 1Page: 65(8)

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This digital document is a journal article from Journal of Arid Environments, published by Elsevier in . The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Soil and root samples from three arid sites in southern Namibia were analysed for the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Twelve species were recorded, with Glomus aggregatum being the dominant spore type. Species composition appeared to be influenced by geographic distance (or abiotic factors that vary with geographic distance) of the study sites but not by land utilization. This is supported by analyses of the nuclear ribosomal genes of glomeromycetes colonizing plant roots. In contrast to that, mycorrhization varied under different land utilization regimes. ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from Macmillan Reference USA Science Library: Plant Sciences, brought to you by Gale®, a part of Cengage Learning, a world leader in e-research and educational publishing for libraries, schools and businesses.The length of the article is 882 words.The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase.You can view it with any web browser.A comprehensive collection of articles on all aspects of plant sciences, from forensic botany to genetic engineering, from wheat to kudzu. Includes articles on careers related to plant sciences and important individuals, as well as topics from acid rain to wood products. ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from The Botanical Review, published by Thomson Gale on January 1, 2004. The length of the article is 2314 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

From the author: We describe the occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizae in the roots of Zamia pumila and Dioon edule. Seedlings were grown on native, unsterilized soil taken from local pinelands of south Florida, where Z. pumila occurs naturally. Arbuscules, hyphae, hyphal coils, and vesicles occur in the parenchyma cells of the root cortex, especially the half of the cortex next to the stele. Hyphae of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) occur mainly in longitudinal intercellular spaces and conform to the Acorus type. The finest, ultimate roots have AMF, but these roots are extremely brittle, detach with the slightest disturbance, and are usually lost when plants are uprooted from the ground. No AMF were found in the cortex of coralloid roots. Vovides (1991) previously reported that AMF occur on Dioon edule and Ceratozamia mexicana, and we reconfirm this in D. edule. In this species, AMF appear to be mostly associated with the outer and to a lesser extent the inner cortex. However, roots of a potted plant of C. hildae growing in native soil lacked AMF. When grown on low phosphorus soils, legumes are known to require AMF in order for their Rhizobium nodules to fix nitrogen. Without AMF, the legumes are deficient in phosphorus, which inhibits nodule production and nitrogen fixation. It is probable that cycads, with their nitrogen-fixing coralloid roots containing Nostoc, may also require AMF for successful nitrogen fixation when phosphorus is limiting.

Citation Details
Title: Mycorrhizae are present in cycad roots.
Author: Jack B. Fisher
Publication: The Botanical Review (Magazine/Journal)
Date: January 1, 2004
Publisher: Thomson Gale
Volume: 70Issue: 1Page: 16(8)

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This digital document is a journal article from Chemosphere, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Phytoremediation techniques are receiving more attention as decontaminating strategies. Phytoextraction makes use of plants to transfer contaminants from soil to the aboveground biomass. This research is devoted to study the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) on growth and As hyperaccumulation in the Chinese brake fern Pteris vittata. We grew for 45 days P. vittata sporophytes, infected or not infected with the AM fungi Glomus mosseae or Gigaspora margarita, in a hydroponic system on quartz sand. As-treated plants were weekly fed with 25ppm As. The As treatment produced a dramatic increase of As concentration in pinnae and a much lower increase in roots of both mycorrhizal and control plants. Mycorrhization increased pinnae dry weight (DW) (G. margarita=G. mosseae) and leaf area (G. margarita>G. mosseae), strongly reduced root As concentration (G. mosseae>G. margarita), and increased the As translocation factor (G. mosseae>G. margarita). The concentration of phosphorus in pinnae and roots was enhanced by both fungi (G. margarita>G. mosseae). The quantitatively different effects of the two AM fungi on plant growth as well as on As and P distribution in the fern suggest that the As hyperaccumulation in P. vittata can be optimized by a careful choice of the symbiont. ... Read more

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This digital document is a journal article from Applied Soil Ecology, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Centaurea maculosa, an invasive forb in western North American grasslands, dominates more than 4millionha of rangeland in the Rocky Mountain region. Our research examined the effects of herbivory and arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) on the growth of C. maculosa, and two native grasses, Festuca idahoensis and Pseudoroegneria spicata. Plants were grown for 11 weeks, with or without AM, prior to simulated herbivory. We removed 75% of aboveground biomass from half of the plants, and harvested all plants 4 weeks later. All species increased their growth rate after clipping, but clipped plants were smaller than unclipped plants. The difference in biomass between clipped and unclipped plants was smaller for C. maculosa (clipped:unclipped=0.62) than for the native grasses (0.42 and 0.52). Plants with AM were smaller than non-AM plants across all species, with the greatest reduction in F. idahoensis (77% versus 18% in C. maculosa and P. spicata). Levels of AM colonization were minimal in F. idahoensis (<1% of root length colonized), intermediate in P. spicata (13% colonization) and highest in C. maculosa (20%). Extra radical hyphae (ERH) lengths were highest for C. maculosa, and equal between the two grasses. Because of the lower biomass, plant tissue N concentrations were higher in AM plants, but P concentrations increased in AM plants for only C. maculosa and P. spicata. The superior competitive ability of C. maculosa may be the result of greater compensatory growth after herbivory and higher amounts of ERH, both of which result in greater resource capture. ... Read more

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This digital document is a journal article from Soil Biology and Biochemistry, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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The aim of this study was to characterize the impacts of a conventional, an organic apple orchard and a native grassland on the activity and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) located at the south of Brazil during winter and summer. AMF activity was measured by the mycorrhizal inoculum potential (MIP), mycorrhizal fungal hyphal length (HL), easily extractable and total Bradford-reactive soil protein (BRSP). AMF diversity was represented by richness, Shannon diversity index and number of spores. Orchards reduced the MIP of the soil and increased the HL when compared to the grassland site. The amount of easily extractable BRSP was not different among orchards and between seasons evaluated, with overall mean value of 1.23mgg^-^1. However, the amount of total-BRSP was smaller in the conventional orchard (4.55mgg^-^1) than in the organic orchard (4.91mgg^-^1) and in the native grassland (5.12mgg^-^1). T-BRSP and total organic carbon were strongly correlated in the grassland during the winter, suggesting the contribution of this protein for carbon stocks in the native soil of this region. The organic orchard presented the highest AMF richness, but sporulation and Shannon diversity index were larger in the conventional orchard. Our data suggest that the conventional orchard promoted higher impacts on the natural condition of AMF activity, being considered an unadvisable practice to soil conservation. ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from Macmillan Reference USA Science Library: Biology, brought to you by Gale®, a part of Cengage Learning, a world leader in e-research and educational publishing for libraries, schools and businesses.The length of the article is 282 words.The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase.You can view it with any web browser.A comprehensive collection of articles on all aspects of biological science, including its history and issues. Includes articles on biology-related careers and important individuals, as well as topics from active transport to zoology research. ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from Interciencia, published by Thomson Gale on January 1, 2007. The length of the article is 7471 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Arbuscular mycorrhizae as an alternative for a sustainable agriculture in tropical areas/Las micorrizas arbusculares como alternativa para una agricultura sustentable en areas tropicales/As micorrizas arbusculares como alternativa para uma agricultura sustentavel em areas tropicais.
Author: Gisela Cuenca
Publication: Interciencia (Magazine/Journal)
Date: January 1, 2007
Publisher: Thomson Gale
Volume: 32Issue: 1Page: 23(7)

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