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This digital document is a journal article from Analytica Chimica Acta, published by Elsevier in . The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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A chemiluminescence ELISA for the direct detection of ethinylestradiol (EE2) in water at sub-ppt levels was developed and validated. At a signal-to-noise ratio of three the detection limit is 0.2+/-0.1ngL^-^1, at a ratio of 10 the LOQ is found to be 1.4+/-0.8ngL^-^1. Based on a conservatively calculated precision profile the analytical working range is established from 0.8 to 100ngL^-^1. The ELISA was tested in four different matrices, including surface water and effluent of sewage treatment plants. All measurements were validated using an LC-MS/MS method. Typical results were consistent in both methods below 1ngL^-^1. Using this chemiluminescence ELISA facilitates for the first time the direct detection of EE2 at ecotoxicologically relevant concentrations. ... Read more

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This digital document is a journal article from Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part C, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Organic pollutants exhibiting endocrine disrupting activity (Endocrine Disruptors-EDs) are prevalent over a wide range in the aquatic ecosystems; most EDs are resistant to environmental degradation and are considered ubiquitous contaminants. The actual potency of EDs is low compared to that of natural hormones, but environmental concentrations may still be sufficiently high to produce detrimental biological effects. Most information on the biological effects and mechanisms of action of EDs has been focused on vertebrates. Here we summarize recent progress in studies on selected aspects of endocrine disruption in marine organisms that are still poorly understood and that certainly deserve further research in the near future. This review, divided in four sections, focuses mainly on invertebrates (effects of EDs and mechanisms of action) and presents data on top predators (large pelagic fish and cetaceans), a group of vertebrates that are particularly at risk due to their position in the food chain. The first section deals with basic pathways of steroid biosynthesis and metabolism as a target for endocrine disruption in invertebrates. In the second section, data on the effects and alternative mechanisms of action of estrogenic compounds in mussel immunocytes are presented, addressing to the importance of investigating full range responses to estrogenic chemicals in ecologically relevant invertebrate species. In the third section we review the potential use of vitellogenin (Vtg)-like proteins as a biomarker of endocrine disruption in marine bivalve molluscs, used worldwide as sentinels in marine biomonitoring programmes. Finally, we summarize the results of a recent survey on ED accumulation and effects on marine fish and mammals, utilizing both classical biomarkers of endocrine disruption in vertebrates and non-lethal techniques, such as non-destructive biomarkers, indicating the toxicological risk for top predator species in the Mediterranean. Overall, the reviewed data underline the potential to identify specific types of responses to specific groups of chemicals such as EDs in order to develop suitable biomarkers that could be useful as diagnostic tools for endocrine disruption in marine invertebrates and vertebrates. ... Read more

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This digital document is a journal article from Chemosphere, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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The effects of the endocrine disrupter, di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), on the growth of leaf vegetable Bok choy (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis, white stem Bok choy) were investigated. The results showed that leaves of Bok choy became white in color with the occurrence of chlorosis and necrosis upon treating with 30mgl^-^1 DBP for 42days. Transmission electron microscopic images revealed that changes in the chloroplast structures accompanied the chlorosis. In addition, a decrease in biomass and chlorophyll, and accumulation of DBP, were found in DBP-treated Bok choy. The growth and morphology of Bok choy showed a significant dose-response relationship upon treatment with DBP in a hydroponic culture medium. The proteome of the leaf tissue was analyzed using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass spectrometry (MS). Six protein spots were identified in 2-DE that showed reproducible differences in expression between the normal control and the DBP-treated sample. Based on proteome level studies two protein spots increased and were identified as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase 21 precursor. These proteins are believed to increase in expression in response to free radical exposure as a detoxification mechanism. The other four protein spots that disappeared on treatment with DBP were identified as heat shock cognate protein 80, protein disulfide isomerase precursor, apocytochrome f precursor, and RNA polymerase beta subunit. The first two play an important role in polypeptide folding, the third is associated with electron transport, and the last has a critical function in DNA transcription. This study indicated that DBP affects the proteome formation as well as the physiology and the morphology of Bok choy during growth. The decrease in those four proteins might be related to the growth and development of a plant. ... Read more

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This digital document is a journal article from Chemosphere, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) and pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) have been globally detected in impacted natural waters. The detection of trace quantities of EDCs and PPCPs in the environment is of great concern since some of these compounds have known physiological responses at low concentrations. EDCs can have a wide range of polarities, acidic and basic moieties, and exist in trace quantities, which often requires numerous complex extractions, large sample collection volumes, and multiple instrumental analyses. A comprehensive method has been developed allowing for the analysis of 58 potential EDCs in various water matrices using a single solid-phase extraction (SPE) of a 1L sample with subsequent analyses using both gas chromatography and liquid chromatography, each coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS). Instrument detection limits ranged between 0.12-7.5pg with corresponding method reporting limits of 1-10ngl^-^1 in water. Recoveries for most compounds were between 50% and 112% with good reproducibility (RSD 6-22%). ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from Pamphlet by: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, published by Thomson Gale on June 1, 2006. The length of the article is 1894 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Endocrine disruptors.(Disease/Disorder overview)
Author: Gale Reference Team
Publication: Pamphlet by: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Pamphlet)
Date: June 1, 2006
Publisher: Thomson Gale
Page: NA

Article Type: Disease/Disorder overview

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This digital document is an article from OnEarth, published by Thomson Gale on January 1, 2006. The length of the article is 557 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Let's face facts: the first step toward a solution is recognizing there's a problem.(chemical pollutants, endocrine disruptors)(Editorial)
Author: Douglas S. Barasch
Publication: OnEarth (Magazine/Journal)
Date: January 1, 2006
Publisher: Thomson Gale
Volume: 27Issue: 4Page: 3(1)

Article Type: Editorial

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This digital document is a journal article from Desalination, published by Elsevier in 2007. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Endocrine disrupting chemicals and pharmaceuticals represent two classes of emerging contaminants that are ubiquitously present in municipal wastewater effluents. Some of these contaminants have been shown to impact aquatic organisms at trace concentrations (i.e., ng/L). Moreover, the public has expressed human health concerns regarding the presence of emerging contaminants in water reuse projects. The primary objective of this investigation was to determine the efficacy of various membranes and activated carbons for the removal of endocrine disruptors, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products. A suite of structurally diverse target compounds was selected for evaluation based largely upon occurrence and molecular structure. Several membrane types and applications were evaluated at pilot- and/or full-scale, including: microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, electrodialysis reversal, membrane bioreactors, and combinations of membranes in series. Granular activated carbon was evaluated at bench-scale using rapid small scale column tests and at two full-scale utilities. Microfiltration and ultrafiltration were found to reject very few target compounds; however, some loss of steroidal type compounds was observed. Nanofiltration and reverse osmosis were capable of significant rejection of nearly all target compounds, though compounds were detectable at trace levels in permeates. Granular activated carbon was highly effective at removing all target chemicals. However, break-through curves clearly demonstrated that compounds with greater hydrophilicity breach activated carbon faster than hydrophobic compounds. In full-scale applications, the impact of regeneration was observed as activated carbon filters that received regular regeneration had minimal breakthrough of organic contaminants, while non-regenerated filters displayed no removal of target compounds. Findings confirm that membrane and carbon processes are capable of greatly reducing the concentrations of emerging contaminants; however, several compounds are detectable in membrane permeate and carbon effluent. ... Read more

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This digital document is a journal article from Chemosphere, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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In this study DBP-degradation strain CQ0301 was isolated from rubbish landfill soil. According to the biophysical, biochemical characteristics and analysis of 16S rRNA, the strain was identified as Rhodococcus ruber. Three new protein bands could be fractioned after DBP-inducing, which were suspected to participate the process of DBP-degrading. Catechol was suspected to be an intermediate product of DBP and cleaving the benzene ring was catalyzed by catechol 1,2-dioxygenase, because a highly activity of catechol 1,2-dioxygenase could be detected after DBP-inducing. The results of this study also showed the optimal pH value, optimal temperature which influenced the degradation rate in soil: pH 7.0-8.0, 30-35^oC. Kinetics of degradation reaction had been performed at different initial concentration and different time. Analyzed with SPSS10.0 software, the DBP degradation can be described as the same exponential model when the initial DBP concentration was lower than 50mg/kg. The kinetics equation was lnC=-0.1332t+A, with the degradation half-life of DBP in soil (5.20d). Inoculating CQ0301 could relieve DBP content in plant. We also found that adding nutrient materials into soil was useful for decreasing the DBP content in plant. In summary, we isolated a bacterium capable of degrading DBP and decreasing DBP content in plant. We also explored the mechanism of biodegradation and characterized the environmental factors influencing the degradation process in contaminated soil. Based on this work, we hope that these findings can provide some information for applying of bioremediation of DBP contaminated soil. ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from Population Briefs, published by The Population Council, Inc. on July 1, 2009. The length of the article is 655 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Study finds link between phthalates and low birth weight.(ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS)(Report)
Author: Unavailable
Publication: Population Briefs (Magazine/Journal)
Date: July 1, 2009
Publisher: The Population Council, Inc.
Volume: 15Issue: 1Page: 3(1)

Article Type: Report

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The endocrine system is a system of glands that involve the release of extracellular signaling molecules known as hormones. The endocrine system is instrumental in regulating metabolism, growth, development, puberty, tissue function, internal environment (temperature,water balance,ions) and also plays a part in determining mood. The field of study that deals with disorders of endocrine glands is endocrinology, a branch of the wider field of internal medicine. ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from E, published by Earth Action Network, Inc. on March 1, 1996. The length of the article is 1002 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

From the supplier: Over 40 common industrial and commercial chemicals are 'endocrine disruptors' which cause problems in the sex, growth and development functions of the pituitary, thyroid, adrenals, ovaries and testes. The chemicals are persistent in the environment and can concentrate in food.

Citation Details
Title: Sex offenders. (chemicals as 'endocrine disruptors')
Author: Alyssa Burger
Publication: E (Magazine/Journal)
Date: March 1, 1996
Publisher: Earth Action Network, Inc.
Volume: v7Issue: n2Page: p44(3)

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This digital document is a journal article from Environment International, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Analysis of serum, whole blood and liver tissue samples from Kafue lechwe in the Lochinvar National Park of Zambia for suspected endocrine disrupting compounds revealed high concentrations for some of the compounds. 45 samples of serum, whole blood and liver tissue were extracted by liquid-liquid extraction followed by an analysis using Gas Chromatography-Electron Capture Detection (GC-ECD). The following endocrine disruptors were analyzed: deltamethrin, aldrin, endosulfan, dieldrin, pp-DDD, heptachlor, d-t-allethrin, pp-DDE, endrin and pp-DDT. For all the samples, dieldrin showed the highest concentration ranging from 1.7 to 44.4 @mg/ml in serum and whole blood sample extracts and 0.10-5.1 @mg/g wet weight in liver sample extracts. The most frequently detected was deltamethrin in 62% of the samples. Percent recoveries in spiked laboratory blanks ranged between 60% and 100% while calculated detection limits ranged from 0.004 to 0.21 @mg/ml for all the endocrine disruptors evaluated. Where endocrine disruptors were detected, the concentrations of most of them far exceeded the maximum residue limits (MRLs) and the extraneous maximum residue limits (EMRLs) set by the Codex Alimentarius of the United Nations (UN), Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO). ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from Environmental Health Perspectives, published by Thomson Gale on April 1, 2006. The length of the article is 645 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Bisphenol A and the brain.(Endocrine Disruptors)
Author: Julia R. Barrett
Publication: Environmental Health Perspectives (Magazine/Journal)
Date: April 1, 2006
Publisher: Thomson Gale
Volume: 114Issue: 4Page: A217(1)

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This digital document is a journal article from Chemosphere, published by Elsevier in . The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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The direct photolysis of an important endocrine disruptor compound, di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), has been investigated under monochromatic UV irradiation at 254nm over a wide pH range (3-11). The investigation was carried out under idealized conditions and has considered both reaction kinetics and the degradation mechanism. It was found that more than 90% of DBP can be degraded within an hour of irradiation in water. A simple model has been developed and used to predict the initial DBP photolysis rate constant at different pH values and initial DBP concentrations. The major decomposition mechanism of DBP is believed to involve the hydrolytic photolysis of the carbon in the @a and/or @b-position of the ester chain with the production of aromatic carboxylic derivatives. Additionally, multi-degradation pathways are proposed for acid-catalyzed hydrolytic photolysis (pH 3-5), which was found to be useful in explaining the photo-degradation of DBP under acidic conditions. The use of 254nm UV to photo-degrade DBP was found to be a relatively fast and clean process, especially in neutral to basic conditions. ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from Environmental Health Perspectives, published by National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences on May 1, 2010. The length of the article is 389 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Polyethylene Terephthalate and Endocrine Disruptors.(Correspondence)(Letter to the editor)
Author: Ralph Vasami
Publication: Environmental Health Perspectives (Magazine/Journal)
Date: May 1, 2010
Publisher: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
Volume: 118Issue: 5Page: A196(2)

Article Type: Letter to the editor

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This digital document is an article from Internal Medicine News, published by International Medical News Group on July 1, 2009. The length of the article is 933 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Endocrine disruptors top priority for research.(ENDOCRINOLOGY)(Report)
Author: Jeff Evans
Publication: Internal Medicine News (Magazine/Journal)
Date: July 1, 2009
Publisher: International Medical News Group
Volume: 42Issue: 13Page: 31(1)

Article Type: Report

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Product Description
This digital document is an article from Environmental Health Perspectives, published by National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences on April 1, 2010. The length of the article is 5454 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Polyethylene terephthalate may yield endocrine disruptors.(Commentary)
Author: Leonard Sax
Publication: Environmental Health Perspectives (Magazine/Journal)
Date: April 1, 2010
Publisher: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
Volume: 118Issue: 4Page: 445(4)

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