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Purchase includes free access to book updates online and a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Chapters: Air Dispersion Model Articles, European Environment Agency, Air Pollution, List of Atmospheric Dispersion Models, Atmospheric Dispersion Modeling, Emission Standard, Air Pollution Dispersion Terminology, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Roadway Air Dispersion Modeling, Accidental Release Source Terms, Met Office, Emission Intensity, Memo Model, National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants, California Air Resources Board, Flue Gas Stack, Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, Atmospheric Chemistry, Useful Conversions and Formulas for Air Dispersion Modeling, Ap 42 Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, American Meteorological Society, Line Source, Royal Meteorological Society, Ta Luft, Uk Atmospheric Dispersion Modelling Liaison Committee, National Centre of Scientific Research "Demokritos", Bay Area Air Quality Management District, Aermod, New Source Performance Standard, Knmi, Wind Profile Power Law, Safe Air, Name, Frank Pasquill, South Coast Air Quality Management District, Adms 3, Air Resources Laboratory, Clean Air Act, National Atmospheric Release Advisory Center, Calpuff, Finnish Meteorological Institute, National Ambient Air Quality Standards, Netherlands National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Clean Air Society of Australia and New Zealand, Argos Dss, Richardson Number, Air Quality Modeling Group, Yamartino Method, Puff Model, Smhi, Desert Research Institute, National Environmental Research Institute of Denmark, Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Mercure, Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, Dispersion21, Uk Dispersion Modelling Bureau, Log Wind Profile, Fundamentals of Stack Gas Dispersion, Isc3, Low-Carbon Emission, Atmospheric Studies Group, Rimpuff, Austal2000, Puff-Plume, Dapple Pro... ... Read more

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This digital document is a journal article from Atmospheric Environment, published by Elsevier in 2004. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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The concentrations of gaseous pollutants carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides (NO"x=NO+NO"2)", and sulfur dioxide were measured, and the vehicle type and traffic flow rates in an urban street canyon with an aspect ratio of 0.8 and a length to width ratio of 3 were recorded. Three-dimensional (3D) airflow and dispersion of pollutants were modeled using the RNG k-@e turbulence model, which was solved numerically using the finite volume method. Vehicle emissions were estimated from the measured traffic flow rates and modeled as banded line sources along the street. Both measurements and simulations reveal that pollutant concentrations typically follow the traffic flow rate; they decline as the height increases, and are higher on the leeward side than on the windward side. 3D simulations reveal that the vortex line, joining the centers of cross-sectional vortices of the street canyon, meanders between street buildings, and the flows leave the canyon through the top. Entrainment of outside air reduces pollutant concentrations near the street outlet, where counter-rotating vortices or secondary flows are present. Numerical predictions agree reasonably well with measurements. ... Read more

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High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Roadway air dispersion modeling is the study of air pollutant transport from a roadway or other linear emitter. Computer models are required to conduct this analysis, because of the complex variables involved, including vehicle emissions, vehicle speed, meteorology, and terrain geometry. Line source dispersion has been studied since at least the 1960s, when the regulatory framework in the United States began requiring quantitative analysis of the air pollution consequences of major roadway and airport projects. By the early 1970s this subset of atmospheric dispersion models were being applied to real world cases of highway planning, even including some controversial court cases. ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, published by Thomson Gale on August 1, 2005. The length of the article is 8755 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Three-dimensional modeling of air flow and pollutant dispersion in an urban street canyon with thermal effects.(TECHNICAL PAPER)
Author: Mong-Yu Tsai
Publication: Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (Magazine/Journal)
Date: August 1, 2005
Publisher: Thomson Gale
Volume: 55Issue: 8Page: 1178(12)

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Air dispersion models are used by a range ofstakeholders involved in managing air quality.MM5(WRF)-CAMx4 numerical modeling systems are used tostudy air circulation over the complex terrain forwinter-time aerosol pollution.To improve the accuracy of predicted PMconcentrations a new method of several chemicalscenarios for the input gridded emissions isdeveloped. The MM5(WRF)-CAMx4 systems are evaluatedto predict aerosol concentrations over 48-72 hourperiod. The aerosol concentrations are calculated forfour different chemical compositions (scenarios) ofthe input gridded emissions. Combination of thechemical scenarios with the minimum error betweenmodeled and ambient data is employed to create a newcomplex scenario. Assessment of the efficiency of PM abatementstrategies for the period 2005-2013 is undertakenusing winter 2005 meteorology and a linear reductionin emissions according to proposed pollutionreduction program. A new numerical approach to locateoptimal position of a new observation site isprovided in the book. ... Read more

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High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! The Air Quality Index is a number used by government agencies to characterize the quality of the air at a given location. As the AQI increases, an increasingly large percentage of the population is likely to experience increasingly severe adverse health effects. To compute the AQI requires an air pollutant concentration from a monitor or model. The function used to convert from air pollutant concentration to AQI varies by pollutant, and is different in different countries. Air quality index values are divided into ranges, and each range is assigned a descriptor and a color code. Standardized public health advisories are associated with each AQI range. An agency might also encourage members of the public to take public transportation or work from home when AQI levels are high. ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from The Ohio Journal of Science, published by Ohio Academy of Science on September 1, 2008. The length of the article is 2000 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Title: Dispersion modeling of mercury emissions from coal-fired power plants at Coshocton and Manchester, Ohio.(Report)
Author: Sang-Sup Lee
Publication: The Ohio Journal of Science (Magazine/Journal)
Date: September 1, 2008
Publisher: Ohio Academy of Science
Volume: 108Issue: 4Page: 65(5)

Article Type: Report

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This digital document is an article from Environmental Health Perspectives, published by Thomson Gale on August 1, 2005. The length of the article is 7234 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Title: GIS-based estimation of exposure to particulate matter and N[O.sub.2] in an urban area: stochastic versus dispersion modeling.(Research)
Author: Josef Cyrys
Publication: Environmental Health Perspectives (Magazine/Journal)
Date: August 1, 2005
Publisher: Thomson Gale
Volume: 113Issue: 8Page: 987(6)

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This digital document is a journal article from Atmospheric Environment, published by Elsevier in 2007. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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The prediction of spatial variation of the concentration of a pollutant governed by various sources and sinks is a complex problem. Gaussian air pollutant dispersion models such as AERMOD of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) can be used for this purpose. AERMOD requires steady and horizontally homogeneous hourly surface and upper air meteorological observations. However, observations with such frequency are not easily available for most locations in India. To overcome this limitation, the planetary boundary layer and surface layer parameters required by AERMOD were computed using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model (version 2.1.1) developed by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). We have developed a preprocessor for offline coupling of WRF with AERMOD. Using this system, the dispersion of respirable particulate matter (RSPM/PM10) over Pune, India has been simulated. Data from the emissions inventory development and field-monitoring campaign (13-17 April 2005) conducted under the Pune Air Quality Management Program of the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), India and USEPA, have been used to drive and validate AERMOD. Comparison between the simulated and observed temperature and wind fields shows that WRF is capable of generating reliable meteorological inputs for AERMOD. The comparison of observed and simulated concentrations of PM10 shows that the model generally underestimates the concentrations over the city. However, data from this single case study would not be sufficient to conclude on suitability of regionally averaged meteorological parameters for driving Gaussian models like AERMOD and additional simulations with different WRF parameterizations along with an improved pollutant source data will be required for enhancing the reliability of the WRF-AERMOD modeling system. ... Read more

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This digital document is a journal article from Atmospheric Environment, published by Elsevier in 2004. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Fumigants, such as metam-sodium, can help control pests in the soil and improve the quality and yields for a wide range of crops. Enhanced control of field loss, or off-gassing, to the atmosphere is an important means of promoting fumigant efficacy and sound environmental management of fumigants. Metam-sodium has been used for over 40 years and is one of the most widely used fumigants in the United States. This paper describes a modeling method, the fumigant emissions modeling system (FEMS), which was developed to promote more realistic assessment of downwind concentrations in the vicinity of an applied field. Two models of the US Environmental Protection Agency, i.e., the industrial source complex short-term (ISCST3) model and the toxic modeling system short-term (TOXST) model are used, in conjunction with a pre-processing program, PCRAMMET, and the FEMS programming code to provide a Monte Carlo treatment for all key model inputs. Start times for applications are triggered on a Monte Carlo basis consistent with the annual application frequency. Typically, 1000-10,000 years of applications are simulated, outputting data to display average exceedances per year of selected concentration endpoints as a function of distance from the edge of the treatment zone. A sensitivity analysis is displayed for key meteorological variables, showing uncertainty in emission rates to be a significant input parameter. Some comparisons also are made between ambient concentrations and modeled personal and indoor exposures, showing perspective on the benefits of the indoor environment to buffer peak concentrations. ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, published by Air and Waste Management Association on September 1, 2008. The length of the article is 8395 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Title: Modeling studies of ammonia dispersion and dry deposition at some hog farms in North Carolina.(TECHNICAL PAPER)(Technical report)
Author: Kanwardeep S. Bajwa
Publication: Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (Magazine/Journal)
Date: September 1, 2008
Publisher: Air and Waste Management Association
Volume: 58Issue: 9Page: 1198(10)

Article Type: Technical report

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This digital document is an article from Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, published by Air and Waste Management Association on March 1, 2002. The length of the article is 8571 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Measurement and three-dimensional modeling of airflow and pollutant dispersion in an undersea traffic tunnel. (Technical Paper).(Statistical Data Included)
Author: K.S. Chen
Publication: Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (Refereed)
Date: March 1, 2002
Publisher: Air and Waste Management Association
Page: 349(15)

Article Type: Statistical Data Included

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This digital document is a journal article from Building and Environment, published by Elsevier in 2007. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Researchers or engineers are paying more and more attention to personalized ventilation due to its unique features of providing satisfying thermal comfort and high indoor air quality. How the contaminants, especially the particles disperse in a personalized ventilation room is, therefore, deserved to be studied carefully, as contaminants' distribution determines indoor air quality (IAQ). In this paper, dispersion of particles with aerodynamic diameter of 0.5-10@mm in a room ventilated by a personalized ventilation system is investigated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD). A three-dimensional model is employed to model particle dispersion around a human body, as well as the airflow and temperature distribution is simulated after experimental validation. The cases of personalized ventilation, and mixing ventilation under different air supply volumes are simulated. The results show that the personalized ventilation is not always the best resolution for particle removal, as different sizes of particles could have different dispersion characteristics even under the same air supply volume by different ventilation modes. ... Read more

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This digital document is a journal article from Journal of Hazardous Materials, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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In this study to identify the origin of PM10 in the atmosphere of Kerman and investigate the dispersion conditions for these particles, the variations of the mass concentration and size distribution of PM10 have been measured. This study is focused on the local environmental impact of Kerman Cement Plant. All samples have been taken in the area between the plant and the city entrance at the wind direction. The result of this research shows that the PM10 concentration in the ambient air in distances about 590-1370m from the stacks is higher than the WHO guidelines of annual average (260@mg/m^3). Also, concentration of PM10 is computed by using Gaussian plume model that incorporates source related factors and meteorological factors to estimate pollutant concentration from continuous sources. The performance of this model has been compared with the measured data. ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, published by Air and Waste Management Association on April 1, 2004. The length of the article is 6015 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Near-field dispersion modeling for regulatory applications.(Technical Paper)
Author: Vlad Isakov
Publication: Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (Refereed)
Date: April 1, 2004
Publisher: Air and Waste Management Association
Volume: 54Issue: 4Page: 473(10)

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This digital document is an article from Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, published by Air and Waste Management Association on October 1, 2003. The length of the article is 6171 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Lagrangian dispersion modeling of vehicular emissions from a highway in complex terrain.(Technical Paper)
Author: Dietmar Oettl
Publication: Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (Refereed)
Date: October 1, 2003
Publisher: Air and Waste Management Association
Volume: 53Issue: 10Page: 1233(8)

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