Geometry.Net - Science: Carbon-14 Dating

Howstuffworks "How Carbon-14 Dating Works"
carbon14 dating is something that you hear about in the news all the time. Everything from mastodons to the Shroud of Turin has been dated using this technique! Learn about how carbon-14 dating works and why it is so accurate! to determine the age of objects, most notably carbon-14 dating. carbon-14 dating is a way of determining the age
http://www.howstuffworks.com/carbon-14.htm

Extractions: You probably have seen or read news stories about fascinating ancient artifacts. At an archaeological dig, a piece of wooden tool is unearthed and the archaeologist finds it to be 5,000 years old. A child mummy is found high in the Andes and the archaeologist says the child lived more than 2,000 years ago. How do scientists know how old an object or human remains are? What methods do they use and how do these methods work? In this edition of How Stuff Works , we will examine the methods by which scientists use radioactivity to determine the age of objects, most notably carbon-14 dating Carbon-14 dating is a way of determining the age of certain archeological artifacts of a biological origin up to about 50,000 years old. It is used in dating things such as bone, cloth, wood and plant fibers that were created in the relatively recent past by human activities. Next Page HSW Home Table of Contents:
Problems With Radiometric And Carbon-14 Dating
carbon14 dating Methods. Radiocarbon dating is still a young science and even though there has been done a lot of
http://www.specialtyinterests.net/carbon14.html

Extractions: Radiocarbon dating is still a young science and even though there has been done a lot of research we must understand that each individual tends to accept those data which fit his expectations. What I am attempting to do now is point out some areas of cautions or possible pitfalls in relying too heavily on such dating methods.
World Mysteries - Strange Artifacts - Shroud Of Turin
Learn about arguments suggesting that the relic considered to be Christ's burial cloth, is much older than early estimates based on carbon14 dating.
http://www.world-mysteries.com/sar_2.htm

Extractions: Artifacts ... Home You are here: world-mysteries.com strange artifacts shroud of turin Strange Artifacts Piri Reis Map (1513) Shroud of Turin Aztec Calendar Antikythera Device ... VoynichManuscript Strange Artifacts Image Theories Carbon 14 Books/Video Related Links The Shroud of Turin is reputedly Christ's burial cloth. It has been a religious relic since the Middle Ages. To believers it was divine proof the Christ was resurrected from the grave, to doubters it was evidence of human gullibility and one of the greatest hoaxes in the history of art.
Howstuffworks "How Carbon-14 Dating Works"
How carbon14 dating Works. Introduction to How carbon-14 dating Works How Carbon-14 is Made Dating a Fossil Lots More Information!
http://science.howstuffworks.com/carbon-14.htm

Extractions: You probably have seen or read news stories about fascinating ancient artifacts. At an archaeological dig, a piece of wooden tool is unearthed and the archaeologist finds it to be 5,000 years old. A child mummy is found high in the Andes and the archaeologist says the child lived more than 2,000 years ago. How do scientists know how old an object or human remains are? What methods do they use and how do these methods work? In this edition of How Stuff Works , we will examine the methods by which scientists use radioactivity to determine the age of objects, most notably carbon-14 dating Carbon-14 dating is a way of determining the age of certain archeological artifacts of a biological origin up to about 50,000 years old. It is used in dating things such as bone, cloth, wood and plant fibers that were created in the relatively recent past by human activities. Next Page HSW Home Table of Contents:
Howstuffworks "How Carbon-14 Dating Works"
Main Science Earth Science How carbon14 dating Works. precisely. Aformula to calculate how old a sample is by carbon-14 dating is t
http://science.howstuffworks.com/carbon-142.htm

Extractions: As soon as a living organism dies, it stops taking in new carbon. The ratio of carbon-12 to carbon-14 at the moment of death is the same as every other living thing, but the carbon-14 decays and is not replaced. The carbon-14 decays with its half-life of 5,700 years, while the amount of carbon-12 remains constant in the sample. By looking at the ratio of carbon-12 to carbon-14 in the sample and comparing it to the ratio in a living organism, it is possible to determine the age of a formerly living thing fairly precisely. A formula to calculate how old a sample is by carbon-14 dating is: t = [ ln (N f /N o ) / (-0.693) ] x t
Carbon-14 Dating - ChristianAnswers.Net
(Animation) What's New How accurate is carbon14 dating? See thispage in Hungarian, Russian, Spanish. People who ask about carbon
http://www.christiananswers.net/q-aig/aig-c007.html

Extractions: P eople who ask about carbon-14 ( C) dating usually want to know about the radiometric dating methods that are claimed to give millions and billions of years carbon dating can only give thousands of years. People wonder how millions of years could be squeezed into the biblical account of history. Clearly, such huge time periods cannot be fitted into the Bible without compromising what the Bible says about the goodness of God and the origin of sin, death and suffering the reason Jesus came into the world (See Six Days? Honestly! Christians, by definition, take the statements of Jesus Christ seriously. He said, "But from the beginning of the creation God made them male and female" ( Mark 10:6 ). This only makes sense with a time-line beginning with the creation week thousands of years ago. It makes no sense at all if man appeared at the end of billions of years. We will deal with carbon dating first and then with the other dating methods. How the Carbon Clock Works Carbon has unique properties that are essential for life on earth. Familiar to us as the black substance in charred wood, as diamonds, and the graphite in "lead" pencils, carbon comes in several forms, or isotopes. One rare form has atoms that are 14 times as heavy as hydrogen atoms: carbon-14, or
Carbon-14 Dating
carbon14 dating. Problem Dating methods (currently Carbon-14) are cited as definitelyproving that man has been on the earth for at least 30,000 years.
http://www.bbie.org/WrestedScriptures/C03Carbon-14/Carbon14.html

Extractions: In order to critically appraise the claim that C-14 "definitely proves" the age of man to be at least 30,000 years, a description of C-14 dating is required: The C-14 dating method is only reliable if the general assumption of the uniformity of nature is valid. Uniformity of nature is the belief that present causes solely have operated in the past. Within this general assumption are two particular assumptions: That fossilized creatures when living had as much C-14 as similar things have today. That the rate of decay of C-14 has remained constant (i.e., that the rate of decay has not changed in the interval from when the creatures lived to the present day). There are a number of technical problems involved in C-14 dating: It requires relatively small effects to change the level of C-14. For example the burning of coal and oil which contain virtually no C-14 has, during the past century, lowered the proportion of C-14 in the atmosphere by an amount equivalent to 400 years. The explosion of hydrogen bombs between 1955 and 1961 increased the amount of C-14 by an amount equivalent to 1500 years.
Carbon-14 Dating
carbon14 dating. Radio-carbon dating is a method of obtaining age estimates onorganic materials which has been used to date samples as old as 700,000 years.
http://www.ndt-ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Radiography/Physics/ca
Carbon-14 Dating
carbon14 dating After reading has decayed. Review carbon-14 dating candetermine the age of a fossil that is up to 50,000 years old.
http://www.ndt-ed.org/EducationResources/HighSchool/Radiography/carbon14dating.h

Extractions: Home Education Resources Science of NDT Radiography CARBON-14 DATING After reading this section you will be able to do the following As you learned in the previous page, carbon dating uses the half-life of Carbon-14 to find the approximate age of an object that is 50,000 years old or younger. In the following section we are going to go more in-depth about carbon dating in order to help you get a better understanding of how it works. What exactly is radiocarbon dating? Radiocarbon dating is a method of estimating the age of organic material. This method has been used to date samples as old as 700,000 years! It was developed right after World War II by Willard F. Libby and coworkers, and it has provided a way to determine the ages of different materials in archeology, geology, geophysics, and other branches of science. Some examples of the types of material that radiocarbon can determine the ages of are wood, charcoal, marine and freshwater shell, bone and antler, and peat and organic-bearing sediments. Age determinations can also be obtained from carbonate deposits such as calcite, dissolved carbon dioxide, and carbonates in ocean, lake, and groundwater sources.
Carbon-14 Dating
For more information, visit Q A Radiometric Dating. How accurate iscarbon14 dating? People who ask about carbon-14 ( 14 C) dating
http://www.answersingenesis.org/docs2002/carbon_dating.asp

Extractions: Defending the Christian faith beginning with Genesis AiG Worldwide Creation Education Prayer Good News ... About Us Romans 1:20 For the invisible things of him from the creation of the world are clearly seen...so that they are without excuse For more information, visit People who ask about carbon-14 ( C) dating usually want to know about the radiometric Christians, by definition, take the statements of Jesus Christ seriously. He said, (Mark 10:6). This only makes sense with a time-line beginning with the creation week thousands of years ago. It makes no sense at all if man appeared at the end of billions of years. We will deal with carbon dating first and then with the other dating methods. For more information This book addresses the most common questions that Christians and non-Christians alike ask regarding creation/evolution and Genesis. Answers twenty of the most-asked questions, such as: 'Where did Cain get his Wife?' and 'What about continental drift?' MORE INFO / PURCHASE ONLINE Radioisotopes and the Age of the Earth
Dating Exhibit
incorporation into plant organic matter. carbon14 dating techniquepermits age estimates over the past 40,000 years or longer.
http://emuseum.mnsu.edu/archaeology/dating/paleolimnology.html

Extractions: Index Paleolimnology is the study of water life and sediments from preexisting geological time periods. The study and identification of the morphological remains of aquatic and terrestrial organisms allows one to date and interpret past states and conditions of an ecosystem. An incredible amount of information is stored in the fossil record of sediments. This includes the biochemical substances produced by organisms, or produced from their degradation, and the morphological remnants of specific organisms. The evaluation of a lake's past involves careful and accurate methods to determine the age of sediment materials. Dating techniques used in the paleolimnological analysis involve the following: radioactive carbon-14, isotopes, remnant magnetism, varve dating, pigment remnant analysis, plant pollen and spore analysis, algal microfossil analysis, plant macrofossil analysis and fossilized remains of Clodocera, ostracods, and midges. The generation of radioactive carbon-14 is always taking place through atmospheric nitrogen by cosmic radiation. Carbon-14 is also in equilibrium with Carbon dioxide in the water. During photosynthesis, a small amount of the radioactive carbon-14 is combined into new organic matter. When organic matter is imbedded in the sediments, the carbon-14 degrades or decays into nitrogen-14 at a constant rate. Because this rate is known, an accurate amount of carbon-14 remaining in old organic matter can produce an estimation of age. There are many variables that need to be taken into consideration when one is carbon dating. For example, there may be variations of carbon-14 production within the atmosphere and carbon-14 incorporation into plant organic matter. Carbon-14 dating technique permits age estimates over the past 40,000 years or longer.
Doesn't Carbon-14 Dating Prove The Earth Is Millions Of Years Old? -- AbsoluteTr
creation vs. evolution. DOESN'T carbon14 dating PROVE THAT THE EARTH IS MILLIONSOF YEARS OLD? So, is carbon-14 dating based on scientific facts? No.
http://www.absolutetruth.net/creation/page18.html

Extractions: There are numerous dating methods with which archeologists attempt to date fossils, artifacts, and rocks. However, since human records only go back for a few thousand years, to project back from that based on these dating methods is really quite risky. The "billions" of years touted by evolutionists are not a matter-of-fact, but rather a "guess". Dr. Henry Morris, a foremost authority on creation science, says "To date any part of the earth's structure prior to the time of human records, of course, requires extrapolation of some physical process, using uniformitarian assumptions. Since these assumptions are both untestable and unreasonable, there is no reason why we should place confidence in them, especially in view of the immense extrapolation necessary. Rates which have been measured over a very few years in the present must be projected for millions or billions of years into the past. This type of extrapolation would be unthinkable and abhorrent in any other type of scientific study, but evolutionists accept it with little question when it supports their beliefs." Let's make it simple. How would you like to be able to create your own measuring standard? That's right. You could say that a "gallon" is really fifteen times larger than it really is, and only pay a couple of dollars to fill up your gas tank. You could design your own rulers, your own scales, and your own weights. This is the precisely the trouble with carbon dating.
Move Over Carbon-14 DatingArgonne Develops An Ultrasensitive Trace Analysis Te
atoms. Click on image for larger view. Move over carbon14 datingArgonnedevelops an ultrasensitive trace analysis technique. A
http://www.anl.gov/OPA/frontiers2002/b6excell.html

Extractions: Click on image for larger view. The method uses six laser beams to slow, trap and count atoms. Click on image for larger view. Called Atom Trap Trace Analysis , or ATTA for short, the technology holds promise for advancing the state of the art in many fields, from groundwater studies to environmental monitoring. One of the first applications for ATTA may be dating ancient Greenland ice cores. While carbon-14 dating has been used to date ice up to about 50,000 years old, ages of older samples have to be inferred from circumstantial evidence, such as their depth. Trace analysis of krypton-81, which lasts 40 times longer than carbon-14, can be used to date samples up to 1 million years old. An Argonne team has counted individual atoms of krypton-85 and krypton-81 isotopes in a sample of natural krypton gas. Krypton-85 atoms have one more, and krypton-81 three fewer, neutrons than the common krypton-84 atoms. The two isotopes are extremely rare: in a natural sample of the gas, every krypton-81 atom is mixed in with a trillion krypton-84 atoms that are chemically similar. Until this development, ultrasensitive techniques capable of detecting trace isotopes at the parts-per-trillion level required either a particle accelerator or detectors that had to be shielded from cosmic rays and other "noise."
AlphaNOVA - Carbon-14 Dating Fact And Fiction | Creation Research, Science Educa
carbon14 dating Fact and Fiction, Part 1 Behind the Scenes Today many peoplebelieve carbon-14 dating is solid, irrefutable evidence for long ages.
http://www.worldbydesign.org/alphanova/programs/c14dating.html
What Is Carbon-14? | CRSEF Articles
Dating Techniques (Institute For Creation Research). See also AlphaNOVA's programcarbon14 dating Fact and Fiction. About Us Contact Us Copyright 2002 CRSEF.
http://www.worldbydesign.org/articles/dating/dating002.html
Radiometric Dating
Educational materials on the topic.Category Science Earth Sciences Geochronology Radiometric Dating argon technique. How does carbon14 dating work? 14. The change inthe Carbon 14 to Carbon 12 ratio is the basis for dating. The
http://www.dc.peachnet.edu/~pgore/geology/geo102/radio.htm

Extractions: Quantify the date in years. Radiometric Dating Naturally-occurring radioactive materials break down into other materials at known rates. This is known as radioactive decay Radioactive parent elements decay to stable daughter elements. Radioactivity was discovered in 1896 by Henri Becquerel. In 1905, Rutherford and Boltwood used the principle of radioactive decay to measure the age of rocks and minerals (using Uranium decaying to produce Helium. In 1907, Boltwood dated a sample of urnanite based on uranium/lead ratios. Amazingly, this was all done before isotopes were known, and before the decay rates were known accurately. The invention of the MASS SPECTROMETER after World War I (post-1918) led to the discovery of more than 200 isotopes. Many radioactive elemtns can be used as geologic clocks. Each radioactive element decays at its own nearly constant rate. Once this rate is known, geologists can estimate the length of time over which decay has been occurring by measuring the amount of radioactive parent element and the amount of stable daughter elements Examples: In the above table, note that the number is the
Math101: Carbon-14 Dating
Math 101 Calculus I. carbon14 dating. The Lascaux Cave Paintings.The above images are from HW Janson, History of Art (Abrams 1991).
http://www.mtholyoke.edu/courses/adurfee/calculus/carbon-14.htm

Extractions: The above images are from H. W. Janson, History of Art (Abrams 1991). Janson gives the date of these paintings as 15,000-10,000 B.C. Positive image of the Shroud (1933) Negative image of the Shroud (1933) These images are from the web site of the Holy Shroud Guild . The shroud was first exhibited in France in the 1350's. Problems Use 5530 years for the value of the half-life in the following problems. (According to Radiocarbon dating by Sheridan Bowman (British Museum Publications, 1990), the currently accepted half-life for Carbon-14 is 5530 years. However, the value of 5568 years was given in the 1940's by Willard Libby and this is the value commonly used today despite the fact that there are better estimates available; apparently it's too confusing to have two values for the half-life, and results are corrected to reflect the true value of 5530 years.) 1. In 1950, a Geiger counter recorded about 1.68 disintegrations per minute per gram of carbon from some charcoal fragments found in the cave at Lascaux. For living wood (eg in a tree) the number of disintegrations is about 13.5 per minute per gram of carbon. Estimate the age of the charcoal fragments at Lascaux (and hence the age of the paintings). (From Modeling and Visualization with ODE Architect by R. Borrelli and C. Coleman)
THE PROBLEMS WITH CARBON-14 DATING
THE PROBLEMS WITH. carbon14 dating. carbon-14 dating is the standard methodused by scientists to determine the age of certain fossilized remains.
http://www.contenderministries.org/evolution/carbon14.php

Extractions: All Words Any Word APOLOGETICS Bahai Buddhism Hinduism Wicca ... Mormonism BIBLE PROPHECY A Beginning of Global Governance - #1 in a series Prophetic Signs that we are in the End Times The Earth Charter's Spiritual Agenda - #2 in a Series The New Age Influence at the United Nations - #3 in a Series ... The Millennial Kingdom CHRISTIANITY UNDER ATTACK Persecution Watch Qatar Jihad Leader Acquitted (Indonesia) Missionary Murdered in Suspected Setup (Philippines) Four Christians Killed by Police (Nigeria) ... Contact Us THE PROBLEMS WITH CARBON-14 DATING Carbon-14 dating is the standard method used by scientists to determine the age of certain fossilized remains. As scientists will often claim something to be millions or billions of years old (ages that do not conform to the Biblical account of the age of the earth), Christians are often left wondering about the accuracy of the carbon-14 method. The truth is, carbon-14 dating (or radiocarbon dating, as its also called) is not a precise dating method in many cases, due to faulty assumptions and other limitations on this method. Carbon has a weight of twelve atomic mass units (AMUs), and is the building block of all organic matter (plants and animals). A small percentage of carbon atoms have an atomic weight of 14 AMUs. This is carbon-14. Carbon-14 is an unstable, radioactive isotope of carbon 12. As with any radioactive isotope, carbon-14 decays over time. The half-life of carbon 14 is approximate 5,730 years. That means if you took one pound of 100 percent carbon-14, in 5,730 years, you would only have half a pound left.
Geociences Carbon-14 Dating
carbon14 dating. One of the department's recent addition to its research laboratoriesis a facility for carbon-14 dating by liquid scintillation counting.
http://www.geosci.unc.edu/research/c14.html

Extractions: One of the department's recent addition to its research laboratories is a facility for carbon-14 dating by liquid scintillation counting. CO2 gas is released from the sample by compustion (organics) or acidification (carbonates), converted to benzene through intermediary reactions and purification steps for beta-counting on a brand new Backard TRI-CARB 1050 TR/LL liquid scintillation analyzer. Contact Person For information concerning the latest status of the carbon-14 dating procedure, contact: Dr. Larry Benninger
CARBON-14 DATING: UNDER A CLOUD?
carbon14 dating UNDER A CLOUD? (Rankin, John M., and Frisch, Priscilla C.; Carbon-14Dating Under a Cloud? Science News, 14751, 1995.). Cross reference.
http://www.science-frontiers.com/sf098/sf098a02.htm

Extractions: ONLINE No. 98: Mar-Apr 1995 Issue Contents Sourcebook Project Sourcebook Subjects An item in Science News about the earth's envelopment by a cloud of interstellar gas 2,000-8.000 years ago impelled J.M. Rankin to inquire if this cloud could change the cosmic-ray flux enough to affect carbon-14 dating. The answer seems to be YES. Unfortunately, we do not yet know enough to make corrections for this gastroastronomical event. (Rankin, John M., and Frisch, Priscilla C.; "Carbon-14 Dating: Under a Cloud?" Science News Cross reference. See item under ASTRONOMY in this issue for more on this cloud. From Science Frontiers #98, MAR-APR 1995 . © 1995-2000 William R. Corliss SIS . Catastrophism, archaeoastronomy, ancient history, mythology and astronomy. Lobster . The journal of intelligence and political conspiracy (CIA, FBI, JFK, MI5, NSA, etc) Homeworking.com . Free resource for people thinking about working at home. ABC Dating and Personals . For people looking for relationships. Place your ad free.

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