Geometry.Net - Science: Archaeoastronomy

Archaeoastronomy
archaeoastronomy. The doorways. archaeoastronomy is the anthropologyof astronomy , to distinguish it from the history of astronomy .
http://www.crystalinks.com/archaeoastronomy.html

Extractions: ARCHAEOASTRONOMY The study of Archaeoastronomy is a cross disciplinary approach which examines the mythology, religion and world views of prehistoric and ancient cultures through the means of their astronomical practices. It is the study of the study of contemporary native astronomies. In examining the observations of such peoples, it is possible to gain a certain insight into the ways in which they constructed their own universes and therefore provide a more holistic understanding of the means and motivations of the culture as a whole. The astronomical inquiry of the ancients must be looked upon as a mechanism of observation and prediction which closely tied them to their environments, depending upon various cultural, religious and mythological bases for validation in the process. Early man was aware of the movements of celestial bodies in the heavens, especially the Sun. The ancients were also aware that everything ran in cycles of time - hence they invented celestial calendars - observatories - to mark these annual periods of time - significant horizontal astronomical events. These ancient people were known as the Megalitgic Stone Builders who lived on the planet 5,000 years ago. The remnants of their achievements can be found throughout the planet especially where the power
Center For Archaeoastronomy: A&E News Archive
The online archive of past issues of archaeoastronomy and Ethnoastronomy News, newsletter of ISAAC.
http://www.wam.umd.edu/~tlaloc/archastro/ae.html

Extractions: Past Issues of The Archaeoastronomy and Ethnoastronomy News : Number 1, September Equinox 1991 : Number 2, December Solstice 1991 : Number 3, March Equinox 1992 : Number 7 March Equinox 1993 : Number 8 June Solstice 1993 : Number 9 September Equinox 1993 : Number 10 June Solstice 1992 Studying Astronomies in Cultures, by Stephen C. McCluskey
Archaeoastronomy
archaeoastronomy. Links to interesting archaeoastronomy sites. Simon Schuster,1996. archaeoastronomy Elsewhere. Parsamian, ES archaeoastronomy in Armenia.
http://ucsub.colorado.edu/~allenu/Astro/ArchaeoAstro.html

Extractions: From these sites one can get to quite a few pages, so I think I'll leave the list short. A word of caution for those interested in archaeoastronomy on the Web- there are quite a few fringe pages that show up under a general search. People into geomancy in particular seem to have Web pages. While these pages can make for really entertaining reading, they're probably not the best sources to quote in a term paper... Native American Archaeological Resources on the Internet Calendars and Archaeoastronomy ArchNet Rabbit in the Moon A fun Mayan-archaeology related page with nice glyph pictures. Universidad de Guadalajara: los Azteca Below is a list of references which may be useful to those interested in archaeoastronomy in the Americas. Some entries refer to which library at University of Colorado has the book in question. I don't necessarily endorse all of the books below as scholarly works- some are more "general public"-oriented, some seem a little exaggerated in the extent of their claims, and some I haven't even read - but they are a good place to start reading. Coe's books are extremely accessible; no specialized knowledge is required to read them. Winning the prize for the most entertaining would have to be Krupp's In Search of Ancient Astronomies . Krupp spends a fair amount of time debunking fringe work like that of van Daniken and Velikovsky. Reading about the theories that these guys put forward is quite a lot of fun for physicists, astronomers or anyone with a fairly logical mind.
Archaeoastronomy
archaeologic.com/archaeoastronomy, archaeoastronomy.com information and productsabout solar alignments and ancient astronomical observatories and monuments.
http://archaeologic.com/archaeoastronomy.htm

Extractions: Consulting ... Books Ancient Astronomical Cosmology Archaeoastronomy.com - information and products about solar alignments and ancient astronomical observatories and monuments. The Center for Archaeoastronomy, University of Maryland Database of Selected Bibliographical References on Mesoamerican Archaeoastronomy, Tulane University, Department of Anthropology National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Time and Fequency Planetarium and Sky Simulation Software listings, University of Arizona ... Prehispanic Calendars Aztec Calendar Dates Converter, by José Baeza Guerra Aztec Calendar, includes online calendar converter Online Maya Calendar Converter, by Rafael Alvarado, Princeton University HOME ARCHAEOLOGY PORTAL THE GREAT PLAZA ADD/CHANGE LINKS ... ADVERTISE ArchaeoLogic Communications. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Prof C.L.N. Ruggles: School Of Archaeology And Ancient History: University Of Le
Announcement of the conference at Leicester, UK.
http://www.le.ac.uk/ar/rug/SEAC03/index.html

Extractions: The future of archaeoastronomy Leicester, 11-12 August 2003 The 2003 SEAC meeting is being held in the University of Leicester, United Kingdom, to follow on from the meeting being held in Oxford. This is not a full SEAC meeting. At the 2002 AGM in Tartu it was decided not to organise scientific sessions in 2003, as there are proposed archaeoastronomy/ethnoastronomy sessions at the World Archaeological Congress (WAC-5) in Washington DC in June, at the International Astronomical Union (IAU) General Assembly in Sydney in July, and at the 51st International Congress of Americanists in Chile, also in July, not to mention a considerable overlap of interest with INSAP. Instead, this short meeting will highlight the role of young people in archaeoastronomy through two special sessions: Young archaeoastronomers . Archaeoastronomers under the age of 30(-ish), including research students or others doing research in the field, are invited to give presentations on their work. Come and meet established people in the field and make international contacts! Proposals for presentations in this session should be made to Clive Ruggles (rug@le.ac.uk) as soon as possible. An abstract of 200-300 words will be required by 1 April 2003.
Archaeoastronomy
Advertisement. archaeoastronomy Guide picks. archaeoastronomy and EthnoastronomyNews Complete issues beginning with the first newsletter in 1991 through 1998.
http://archaeology.about.com/cs/archaeoastronomy/
Archaeoastronomy Web Sources - Archaeology
archaeoastronomy Web Sites. © David Dearborn Lawrence of science. Theyinclude an excellent list of links to archaeoastronomy sites. These
http://archaeology.about.com/blastrolinks.htm

Extractions: A general History of Astronomy pages, this site contains information as well as links to other servers devoted to the history of astronomy and to related topics in general history of science. They include an excellent list of links to archaeoastronomy sites. These pages are maintained by the Working Group for the History of Astronomy in the Astronomische Gesellschaft.
Stonehenge - Information, Pictures Of Stonehenge In England, Legends Of Merlin,
How does Stonehenge play an intricate part in the science of archaeoastronomy? TODAYToday the field of archaeoastronomy is actively studied in Western Europe.
http://www.christiaan.com/stonehenge/info/misc_info/archaeoastronomy/
ARCHAEOLOGY, ARCHAEOASTRONOMY AND ANCIENT CIVILISATIONS
ARCHAEOLOGY, archaeoastronomy AND ANCIENT CIVILISATIONS. the Resurrection.Go to archaeoastronomy, ASTROLOGY AND ANCIENT EGYPT.
http://howardmj.freeyellow.com/

Extractions: HOU UPDATE - JULY 2001 - All updates and information are being transferred to AMBILAC-UK - here you will find all the current updates, link to all our articles, including the earlier "hard to get" articles, Egypt and Nepal study tours and much more - link to http://ambilac-uk.tripod.com for further information. This site and all its pages will continue to run for your convenience so as to link to all the useful links, but all future updates will be on AMBILAC-UK UPDATE - Alison Moroney in Australia has revamped her website, ARCHAEOASTRONOMY, ASTROLOGY AND ANCIENT EGYPT (Link below) and is well worth a visit, especially the article on the Important stars in 4420 BC, and Jesus, osiris and the resurrection - The astrology of the Resurrection. Go to - ARCHAEOASTRONOMY, ASTROLOGY AND ANCIENT EGYPT FOR A STEP BY STEP PICTORIAL GUIDE TO THE UNCOVERING OF THE TOMB OF OSIRIS - GO TO THE LINK BELOW - ORBIT'S GUIDE The REAL TRUTH starts here. Go now to AMBILAC SEARCH FOR THE TRUTH 4th.January 2000
Archaeoastronomy
archaeoastronomy. archaeoastronomy is the practical use of astronomyas it applies to early cultures. It is of interest to astronomers
http://www.astronomy.org/astronomy-survival/archae.html

Extractions: Archaeoastronomy Archaeoastronomy is the practical use of astronomy as it applies to early cultures. It is of interest to astronomers and archaeologists because it encompasses the study of astronomical principles employed in ancient works of architecture (sometimes referred to as astroarchaeology) as well as the practice of astronomy and methods of observations among ancient peoples. ORIGINS OF ASTRONOMY AND ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS The importance of astronomy to all ancient cultures stemmed from a practical need to establish a precise method for telling time, monitoring agricultural events, performing religious ceremonies, and regulating governmental activities. Early people discovered that the systematic progression of the seasons was matched to the rhythmic motions of the heavens, and that the sky was a far more accurate indicator of these cycles than making systematic observations of the weather. People realized that the movement of the sun across the sky could fix the day and its divisions, while the changing phases of the moon established the month ("moonth" in Old English). By observing the rising or setting of a specific star when near the sun (heliacal rising or setting), the year could be defined. And, because there were seven objects which moved against the starry background; five planets, the moon, and the sun, the popular notion of the week came to fore.
Archaeoastronomy Or Astroarchaeology - What Is It?
alignments and cairns in Scotland, archaeoastronomy. A short backgrounddescription of archeoastronomy, also called astroarchaeology.
http://www.stonesofwonder.com/archaeoa.htm

Extractions: The investigation of the astronomical potential of prehistoric megalithic sites is not a field which has particular appeal to modern archaeologists in Scotland or England. The main reason for this is possibly that the subject requires some skills and interests which are outside those generally possessed by the archaeological community. Another reason is that archaeology has never developed the prestige and authority of other professions. Consequently lay people and interested outsiders from other fields feel free to offer their ideas and opinions about archaeological subjects to professional archaeologists in a way that they would never do about conveyancing to a lawyer or about caries to a dentist. Archaeologists can find this annoying.
Stones Of Wonder - Other Archaeoastronomy And Archaeology Links And Resources
archaeoastronomy astro archaeology and Scottish archaeology links. Links to archaeoastronomypages, Scottish archaeology pages and other sites of interest.
http://www.stonesofwonder.com/links.htm
Archaeoastronomy And The Search For Ancient Observatories
archaeoastronomy AND THE SEARCH FOR ANCIENT OBSERVATORIES. by LyndsayKyker. With the What is archaeoastronomy? archaeoastronomy is
http://www.uiowa.edu/~anthro/webcourse/lost/projects97/Archae.html

Extractions: by Lyndsay Kyker With the emergence of Archaeoastronomy over the past few decades, the sciences have been presented with a unique opportunity to delve into the basis of ancient studies through the study of astronomical phenomenon. Beginning with the groundbreaking interpretations of Harvard astronomist Gerald Hawkins in reference to astronomical alignments at Stonehenge in England, the field has expanded greatly to encompass pre-historic cultures on a global basis. Once thought to be 'savages' incapable of actively engaging in the world of 'science' we are finding that Old World and New World cultures alike shared a vested interest in astronomy and the regularity of prediction to be gained from their knowledge of the night skies. The derivative cultures being accessed through the remnants they have left behind possess powerful and unique identities and eschatologies, constructing their universes in drastically different ways than perhaps even their closest neighbors. While many of the structures which have been documented over the years as being used in some capacity for astronomical observation, and which often times share the same alignments and impart meaning on the same events such as solstice or equinox, those responsible for their construction may have had very different reasons for doing so, based on their own world views and cultural values.
Cultural Astronomy /Archaeoastronomy /Ethnoastronomy References
Cultural Astronomy / archaeoastronomy / Ethnoastronomy References. Whilesome of Hawaiians. Books archaeoastronomy. Prehistoric Astronomy
http://casswww.ucsd.edu/personal/ron/cultural_astronomy.html

Extractions: While some of the books, articles and web sites presented here have to do with archaeoastronomy, my main interest in compiling this list is with cultural astronomy - the impact of the cosmos on the culture (religions, traditions, folklore, belief systems, development, art forms, etc.) of various peoples rather than the practical problems of how they might have measured positions per se. Submissions/corrections/suggestions are welcome. History: 1998 Jul 23 - added McDonald, Edwards, Simon and Stott references Beyond the Blue Horizon (myths and legends of the Sun, Moon, stars and planets) by E.C. Krupp Harper Collins Publishers 1991 ISBN 0-06-015653-8 The Sky - Mystery, Magic and Myth by Jean-Pierre Verdet Harry N. Abrams, Publishers ISBN 0-8109-2873-6 The Orion Book of the Sky by Jean-Claude Pecker Orion Press, New York 1960 Conversation with the Planets (how science and myth invented the cosmos) by Anthony Aveni Times Books 1992 ISBN 0-8129-1975-0 Tales of the Constellations (the myths and legends of the night sky) by Marianne McDonald Michael Friedman Publishing 1996 ISBN 0-8317-7277-8 120 pages Celestial Charts (antique maps of the heavens) by Carole Stott Smithmark Publishing 1995 ISBN 0-8317-1322-4 128 pages, color depictions (unfortunately spread across 2 pages)
BOOKS - ARCHAEOASTRONOMY
archaeoastronomy. Megalithic sites in Britain A Thom The book that introduced theMegafithic Yard and archaeoastronomy to the archaeological world. Excellent.
http://easyweb.easynet.co.uk/~aburnham/book/astro.htm

Extractions: Paperback. 609pp. 16cm by 23cm. ISBN 0002558505. Only Original Price £12.99 - a saving of over 50% Stonehenge - Robin Heath Stonehenge - Robin Heath 64 pages. Softback. 125 x 155 mm. All Recycled. Wooden Books Eclipses, sacred geometry, ancient culture and stunning engravings are packed into this beautifully produced, 100% recycled small volume. Robin Heath has a unique viewpoint on the subject - we saw him give a fascinating talk and demonstration to the Ley Hunter Moot.
Archaeoastronomy
archaeoastronomy is broadly, the study of ancient (pretechnological) mankindsawareness of celestial phenomena and its influence on their societies.
http://www.missouri.edu/~physwww/astronomy_one/html/archaeoastronomy.html

Extractions: Clive Ruggles , Leicester University, England. Archaeoastronomy is broadly, the study of ancient (pre-technological) mankinds awareness of celestial phenomena and its influence on their societies. Modern society is very much removed from nature city lights, etc., obscure the skies. Lifestyles, too, place people indoors, not outdoors. Modern citizens thus have very little awareness of the many celestial phenomena which are readily apparent to any naked eye observer. Those phenomena beginning with the most obvious and progressing to those which would require longer periods of observation to recognize include the following: Changing lunar phases. To an outdoor people without artificial illumination, the moon is very important for night illumination. Its changing phases are very obvious over a four week period. The daily cycle of light and dark. I list this second as the night-day cycle is such an intimate part of life that its astronomical basis can be easily overlooked. The north-south movement of the sun. Over the course of the year this gives us the phenomena of the solstices and equinoxes as well as the progression of the seasons. This correlates with the life/death cycle of summer (abundance from crops, foraging, hunting) and winter (scarcity).
Archaeoastronomy In The American Southwest
archaeoastronomy in the American Southwest. Special CPLUHNA essay byBryan C. Bates. Knowledge of celestial patterns and the attribution
http://www.cpluhna.nau.edu/People/sw_archaeoastronomy.htm

Extractions: Anglo Settlement Special CP-LUHNA essay by Bryan C. Bates Knowledge of celestial patterns and the attribution of those powers to different gods may have migrated along migratory and trade routes throughout the American Southwest. At Chaco Canyon in northwestern New Mexico, several calendar systems have been documented with numerous connections to the culture. At the Great Kiva, Casa Rinconada, the summer solstice sun rises through a window and cast light into a cubbyhole across the axis of this ceremonial chamber. There is a question as to whether the alignment was intentionally created by the ancient Chacoans as the Park Service reconstructed the window in the 1940s. Second, the Equinox sun rises over the eastern cliff and splits the Kiva into two equal halves, symbolic of the Equinox ceremony known amongst some of the Puebloan people . Elsewhere
A Primer On The Evolution Of Astronomical Calendars
to the Gods such that life maybe sustained amongst their culture.Follow this link to archaeoastronomy in the American Southwest.
http://www.cpluhna.nau.edu/Tools/archaeoastronomy.htm

Extractions: Stream Gaging A special CP-LUHNA essay by Bryan C. Bates In the world of nature, light is known to stimulate numerous biological activities. Coral reefs initiate their reproductive frenzy with the full moon following the summer solstice. Flowers track the pathway of the transiting sun, gathering the electromagnetic energy for metabolic and reproductive purposes. Bees vibrate through a complicated dance angled to the sun that conveys the exact location of pollen while accounting for the time of sun transit. Birds use the migration of the sunrise and solar pathway as one of their radar sensors in the thousand mile migrations between continents. Humans have also been using the changes in celestial sphere as a mechanism for determining when to conduct certain ceremonial-survival activities. Over 7000 years ago, humans in the Nile Valley laid out large stones to mark the changing solar and lunar positions. This site is the earliest known purposeful construct of a calendar system developed by humans. What may well have preceded is the evolution of myths and stories that helped early agriculturalist transition from a migratory hunter-gatherer society to a sedentary agrarian society. Evidence for such a transition can be gleaned from the Fertile Crescent giving rise to the Babylonian Empire several hundred years later. Hundreds of years later, pyramids on the Gaza Desert rise in alignment with constellations known to the Pharaohs to provide wisdom, power and longevity. As impressive as the mathematics and astronomy of this civilization may seem, much more science lies within the cryptic writings of the ancient astronomers.
Astroarch
FATHER of archaeoastronomy. It is well known that many great archaeologicalsites, for instance, the temples in Egypt and Stonehenge
http://www-solar.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/~clare/Lockyer/astroarch.html

Extractions: It is well known that many great archaeological sites, for instance, the temples in Egypt and Stonehenge in England all have astronomical connections. These connections, however, were not known until Lockyer whilst visiting Greece in 1890 noticed that numerous ancient temples were aligned along an east-west axis. He hypothesised that this was because their foundations were laid to align with the rise of the Sun on that day. To test his hypothesis he studied Karnac one of the great temples in Egypt and published his results in ``The Dawn of Astronomy'' 1894. He continued this work investigating sunrise alignments on many other ancient temples and even tried to use this idea to date Stonehenge! Unfortunately his method was flawed and so his answer of 1680 BC is not correct. It is now known that the heel stones at Stonehenge were laid in about 2150 BC. Lockyer's belief that Stonehenge and other stone circles had astronomical purposes has been the primary impetus behind the research of this area in the twentieth century. For this reason he has been called the "father of achaeoastronomy." Lockyers method of trying to date Stonehenge.
Introduction To Archaeoastronomy
Astronomy, archaeoastronomy, aerial imaging,cdrom production, consulting, education.
http://www.dakotacom.net/~api/page19.html

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