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Chapters: Achaemenid Empire. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 94. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt:Standard of Cyrus the Great. The Achaemenid Empire (ca. 550330 BC), also known as the Persian Empire, was the successor state of the Median Empire, ruling over significant portions of what would become Greater Iran. The Persian and the Median Empire taken together are also known as the Medo-Persian Empire, which encompassed the combined territories of several earlier empires. It was the largest empire in ancient history. At the height of its power, the empire encompassed approximately 8 million km. The empire was forged by Cyrus the Great, and spanned three continents: Asia, Africa and Europe. At its greatest extent, the empire included the territories of Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan and the territories of northern India, parts of Central Asia, Asia Minor, Thrace and Macedonia, much of the Black Sea coastal regions, Iraq, northern Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Israel, Lebanon, Syria, and all significant population centers of ancient Egypt as far west as Libya. It is noted in western history as the foe of the Greek city states during the Greco-Persian Wars, for emancipation of slaves including the Jews from their Babylonian captivity, and for instituting the usage of official languages throughout its territories. The Achaemenid Persian empire was invaded by Alexander III of Macedon, after which it collapsed and disintegrated in 330 BC into what later became the Ptolemaic Kingdom and Seleucid Empire, in addition to other minor territories which gained independence after its collapse. Its territories became part of a larger Hellenistic civilization. The Persian Empire would not be revived until the Parthian and Sasanian periods. The Persian domination by the Achaemenid empire over the Iranian pe...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=256192 ... Read more

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Chapters: Iranis, Pakistani Zoroastrians, Parsis, Freddie Mercury, Avesta, Rohinton Mistry, Meher Baba, J. R. D. Tata, Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji, Darashaw Nosherwan Wadia, Polly Umrigar, Ratan Naval Tata, Nanabhoy Palkhivala, Ardeshir Godrej, Sam Manekshaw, Bhikaiji Cama, Rattana Pestonji, List of Parsis, Zubin Mehta, Feroze Gandhi, Maneckji Nusserwanji Dhalla, Homi K. Bhabha, Jamsheed Marker, Sohrab Modi, Boman Irani, Bejan Daruwalla, Behramji Malabari, Dadabhai Naoroji, Keki N. Daruwalla, Adi Bulsara, Buck Ruxton, Rusi Taleyarkhan, Ardeshir Tarapore, Sheriar Mundegar Irani, Sir Jamsetjee Jeejebhoy, 1st Baronet, Shiamak Davar, Ronnie Screwvala, Ronnie Irani, H. Jay Dinshah, Pherozeshah Mehta, Jamsetji Tata, Ness Wadia, Jamshed Bharucha, Shenaz Treasurywala, Persis Khambatta, Ardeshir Irani, Kaizad Gustad, Karan Bilimoria, Baron Bilimoria, Nauheed Cyrusi, Jamshedji Framji Madan, Nina Wadia, Erick Avari, Kavasji Jamshedji Petigara, Phiroz Mehta, Hormasji Maneckji Seervai, Firdaus Kanga, Shapurji Saklatvala, Karishmeh Felfeli, Cyrus Broacha, Dorabji Tata, Russi Mody, Eruch Jessawala, Anu Aga, Ardaseer Cursetjee, Framjee Nasarwanjee Patel, Bapsi Sidhwa, Sooni Taraporevala, Bejun Mehta, Rusi Modi, Soli Sorabjee, Mehli Mehta, Fali Homi Major, Cowasji Jehangir Readymoney, Shireen Sheriar Irani, Perizaad Zorabian, K. D. Sethna, Mani Irani, Mehera Irani, George Edalji, Avabai Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy, Homi Sethna, Nusli Wadia, Mancherjee Bhownagree, Nari Contractor, Hafeez Contractor, Beheruz Sethna, Ardeshir Cowasjee, Jim Wadia, Pallonji Mistry, Maneckji Limji Hataria, Kaevan Gazdar, Keki Tarapore, Hoshang Merchant, Rustomji Jamshedji, Ratanji Dadabhoy Tata, Farrukh Dhondy, Byramjee Jeejeebhoy, Honey Irani, Dorab Patel, Dinshaw Maneckji Petit, Frene Ginwala, Fali Sam Nariman, Rusi Surti, Hormusjee Naorojee Mody, Minocher Rustom Masani, Fardunjee Marzban, Daisy Irani, Anosh Irani, Jenni Irani, Jivanji Jamshedji Modi, Godrej Sidhwa, Phir...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=42068 ... Read more

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THIS 116 PAGE ARTICLE WAS EXTRACTED FROM THE BOOK: Sacred Books and Early Literature of the East: Ancient Persia, by Charles F. Horne. To purchase the entire book, please order ISBN 0766100103. ... Read more

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This scarce antiquarian book is a selection from Kessinger Publishing's Legacy Reprint Series. Due to its age, it may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment to protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature. Kessinger Publishing is the place to find hundreds of thousands of rare and hard-to-find books with something of interest for everyone! ... Read more

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Chapters: Jamsheed Marker, Bapsi Sidhwa, Ardeshir Cowasjee, Dorab Patel, Godrej Sidhwa, Aban Marker Kabraji, Byram Dinshawji Avari, Minocher Bhandara, Deena M. Mistri. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 30. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Jamsheed Kekobad Ardeshir Marker, HI, (b. 24 November 1922) is a veteran Pakistani diplomat. Reportedly, he is listed in the Guinness Book of Records as having been ambassador to more countries than any other person. He speaks English, Urdu, Gujarati, French, German, and Russian and was Pakistan's top envoy to the United States and more than a dozen other countries for more than three decades and earned the distinction as the world's longest-serving ambassador. He was a radio cricket commentator. His first broadcast was from the Karachi stadium. According to the journalist Susan Taylor, he originally worked in his family's "shipping and pharmaceutical" businesses, and moved into diplomacy in 1965 when he was appointed Pakistan's ambassador to Ghana. Marker was appointed as Pakistan High Commissioner to Ghana, with concurrent accreditation to Guinea and Mali in April 1965. He has since represented Pakistan in Romania (conc. accr. to Bulgaria), the former Soviet Union (conc. accr. to Finland) for 3 years, Canada (conc. accr. to Guyana and Trinidad and Tobago), East Germany (conc. accr. to Iceland), Japan, United Nations Office at Geneva, West Germany, France, the United States and finally the United Nations in New York City. Marker served as Ambassador of Pakistan continually for thirty years, in ten different capitals, and nine further concurrent accreditation. He became Ambassador to the United States in 1986 and is said to have helped "negotiate" the Soviet military withdrawal from Afghanistan. He has also served as United Nations Under-secretary...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=1136590 ... Read more

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With Texts And Translations. Also With Pahlavi Translation For The First Time Edited With Collation Of Manuscripts, And Now Prepared Form All Known Codices, Also Deciphered, And For The First Time Translated In Its Entirety Into A European Language, With Neryosangh's Sanskrit Text Edited With Collation Of Five Mss, And With First Translation, Also With The Persian Text Contained In Codex 12b. Together With A Commentary Being The Literary Apparatus And Argument To The Translation Of The Gathas In The 31st Volume Of The Sacred Books Of The East. ... Read more

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High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Zoroastrianism has numerous festivals and holy days, all of which are bound to the Zoroastrian calendar. The Shahenshahi and Kadmi variants of the calendar do not intercalcate leap years and hence the day of the Gregorian calendar year on which these days are celebrated shifts ahead with time. The third variant of the Zoroastrian calendar, known as either Fasli (in India) or Bastani (in Iran), intercalcates according to Gregorian calendar rules and thus remains synchronous with the seasons. For details on the differences, see Zoroastrian calendar. The seasonal festivals, called gahambars (meaning "proper season"), occur six times a year. Due to the peculiarities of the Shahenshahi and Kadmi variants of the Zoroastrian calendar, in those variants the seasonal festivals are actually celebrated many months in advance and are therefore said to reflect the six "primordial creations" of Ahura Mazda, otherwise known as the Amesha Spentas. ... Read more

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Studies in World Religions 3Edited and Translated by Kotwal and Boyd ... Read more

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THIS 10 PAGE ARTICLE WAS EXTRACTED FROM THE BOOK: Sacred Books and Early Literature of the East: Ancient Persia, by Charles F. Horne. To purchase the entire book, please order ISBN 0766100103. ... Read more

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Chapters: Nowruz, Mehregan, Sadeh, Tiregan, Khordad Sal, Farvardigan. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 53. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Nowrz (Persian: , IPA: , "New Day", originally "New Light") is a traditional ancient Iranian festival which celebrates the start of the Iranian New Year. Nowruz is also widely referred to as the Persian New Year. Nowruz is celebrated and observed by Iranian peoples and the related cultural continent and has spread in many other parts of the world, including parts of Central Asia, South Asia, Northwestern China, the Crimea and some ethnic groups in Albania, Bosnia, Serbia and the Republic of Macedonia. Nowruz marks the first day of spring and the beginning of the year in Iranian calendar. It is celebrated on the day of the astronomical vernal equinox, which usually occurs on March 21 or the previous/following day depending on where it is observed. As well as being a Zoroastrian holiday and having significance amongst the Zoroastrian ancestors of modern Iranians, the same time is celebrated in the Indian sub-continent as the new year. The moment the Sun crosses the celestial equator and equalizes night and day is calculated exactly every year and Iranian families gather together to observe the rituals. Originally being a Zoroastrian festival, and the holiest of them all, Nowruz is believed to have been invented by Zoroaster himself, although there is no clear date of origin. Since the Achaemenid era the official year has begun with the New Day when the Sun leaves the zodiac of Pisces and enters the zodiacal sign of Aries, signifying the Spring Equinox. The Jewish festival of Purim is probably adopted from the Persian New Year. It is also a holy day for Sufis, Ismailis, Alawites, Alevis, and adherents of the Bahá'í Faith. The term Nowruz in writin...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=200561 ... Read more

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Chapters: American Zoroastrians, Australian Zoroastrians, British Zoroastrians, Indian Zoroastrians, Iranian Zoroastrians, Pakistani Zoroastrians, Singaporean Zoroastrians, Sri Lankan Zoroastrians, Swedish Zoroastrians, Meher Baba, Alexander Bard, J. R. D. Tata, Shikand-Gumanic Vichar, Sam Manekshaw, Zubin Mehta, Maneckji Nusserwanji Dhalla, Zerbanoo Gifford, Jamsheed Marker, Adi Bulsara, Buck Ruxton, Sheriar Mundegar Irani, Astad Deboo, Ness Wadia, Nari Gandhi, Shenaz Treasurywala, André Hossein, Abu-Lu'lu'ah, Bapsi Sidhwa, Shayan Italia, Ardeshir Cowasjee, Honey Irani, Dorab Patel, Daisy Irani, Jivanji Jamshedji Modi, Godrej Sidhwa, Neville Wadia, Azar Kayvan, Meherji Rana, Aban Marker Kabraji, Kersi Meher-Homji, Adi Godrej, Iraj Kaboli, Byram Dinshawji Avari, Farhang Mehr, K. N. Choksy, Keikhosrow Shahrokh, Minocher Bhandara, Deena M. Mistri, Zarin Mehta, Behafarid, Jamshid Bahman Jamshidian. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 179. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt:Shikand-gumanic Vichar is a Zoroastrian theology book of 9th century Iran, written by Mardan-Farrukh. What little is known of the person Mardan-Farrukh (Martnfarrux-i Ohrmazddtn) comes to us through the pages of his book, written in Middle Iranian using the Pahlavi script. Its title Shkand-Gumanik Vichar has been rendered Analytical Treatise for the Dispelling of Doubts, or Decisive Solution for Doubts. A published text, as translated into English, runs 135 pages. The Muslim conquest of his native Persia was completed by 651 C.E. Based on references made in his book to the then editions of other Zoroastrian works (e.g., the Dinkart), Mardan Farrukh has been dated to the 9th century. "t is evident that he lived after the time of Roshan, son of Atur-frobag, son of Farukh-zad. ...Abalis, the Zandik, had a religious deput...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=20370565 ... Read more

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Chapters: List of Zoroastrians, Parsi, Irani, Maziar. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 64. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Parsi or Parsee (pronounced ) refers to a member of the larger of the two Zoroastrian communities from the Indian subcontinent, the other being the Irani community. According to tradition, the present-day Parsis descend from a group of Iranian Zoroastrians who immigrated to Western India during 10th century AD, due to persecution by Muslims in Iran. The long presence in the region distinguishes the Parsis from the Iranis, who are more recent arrivals, and who represent the smaller of the two Indian-Zoroastrian communities. The term "Parsi" is not attested in Indian Zoroastrian texts until the 17th century. Until that time, such texts consistently use either Zarthoshti, "Zoroastrian" or Behdin, " good nature" or " the good religion." The 12th century Sixteen Shlokas, a Sanskrit text in praise of the Parsis and apparently written by a Hindu (Parsi legend; cf. Paymaster 1954, p. 8 incorrectly attributes the text to a Zoroastrian priest), is the earliest attested use of the term as an identifier for the Indian Zoroastrians. The first reference to the Parsis in a European language is from 1322, when a French monk, Jordanus, briefly refers to their presence in Thana and Broach. Subsequently, the term appears in the journals of many European travelers, first French and Portuguese, later English, all of whom use a Europeanized version of an apparently local language term. For instance, Portuguese physician Garcia d'Orta, who in 1563 observed that "there are merchants in the kingdom of Cambai known as Esparcis. We Portuguese call them Jews, but they are not so. They are Gentios." In an early 20th century legal ruling (see self-perceptions, below) Justices Davar and Beam...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=43712 ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from The Journal of the American Oriental Society, published by American Oriental Society on January 1, 2009. The length of the article is 7119 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Cesmag, the lie, and the logic of Zoroastrian demonology.
Author: Bruce Lincoln
Publication: The Journal of the American Oriental Society (Magazine/Journal)
Date: January 1, 2009
Publisher: American Oriental Society
Volume: 129Issue: 1Page: 45(11)

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Many of the earliest books, particularly those dating back to the 1900s and before, are now extremely scarce and increasingly expensive. We are republishing these classic works in affordable, high quality, modern editions, using the original text and artwork. ... Read more

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Das aAvestao (oder aZendavestao) ist eine Sammlung heiliger Schriften der Anhanger der von Zarathustra gestifteten Religion, die Ahura Mazda als obersten Gott verehren. Diese Schriften sind in Europa vor gut 200 Jahren durch A. H. Anquetil-Duperron bekannt geworden. Doch die Zweifel an der Authentizitat dieser Texte beseitigten erst der danische Orientalist Rasmus Rask und der franzosische Indologe und Iranist Eugene Burnouf. Auf ihren ausgedehnten Reisen hatten sie Manuskripte erworben, die spater in die Kopenhagener Handschriftensammlung eingingen. Auf dieser Grundlage veroffentlichte Niels Ludvig Westergaard zwischen 1852 und 1854 die erste Gesamtausgabe des Avesta-Corpus. Diese Ausgabe ist bis heute die vollstandigste und wird durch diese Neuausgabe wieder zuganglich gemacht. Eine ausfuhrliche Einleitung rundet den Band ab. ... Read more