Geometry.Net - Religion: Mesopotamian

BEFORE THE LEGEND OF NOAH
mesopotamian flood stories which predate the Bible. Photos of clay tablets, map, satellite photo.
http://home.att.net/~Atrahasis/index.htm

Extractions: Flood Stories Predating the Noah Story Reconstruction of an ancient temple compound at Nippur founded by Ur Gur about 2800 BC. Construction and repairs continued until about 660 BC during the reign of Assyrian king Ashurbanipal. 19th century photo of the ziggurat at Nippur after removal of sand that covered it. ACCORDING TO AN INSCRIBED CLAY TABLET In ancient Mesopotamia writing was in use by about 3000 BC. The writings of ancient scholars were preserved on clay tablets. The ancient scribe formed a rectangular piece of clay and used a pointed stick to form characters in the soft clay. Some of the tablets were sun dried and placed on shelves or in jars. Others were fired in pottery kilns to make sure the valuable records might not be lost. The first writings seem to have been inventory records such as the amounts or types of items stored in clay jars. By 2000 BC there were shipping records describing maritime trade between the Persian Gulf coastal areas of Iraq and Bahrain, Oman, and Indian Ocean coasts of Pakistan, and the west coast of India (Lothal). The ancients sailed in huge reed bundle sailing boats in the Persian Gulf as described by anthropologist Thor Heyerdahl in
Detroit Institute Of Arts : Permanent Collection - Ancient Art - Mesopotamia
The northern mesopotamian kingdom of Assyria, in existence by 1500 BC, would becomea great empire between the 9th and the 7th centuries BC The kings of this
http://www.dia.org/collections/ancient/mesopotamia/mesopotamia.html

Extractions: Mesopotamia, the land between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, was the fertile river plain where civilization was born and where writing first appeared. Southern Mesopotamia was under the control of a series of kings from 3000 B.C. to the 6th century B.C. In its early history, Mesopotamia was a collection of agricultural city-states. These later gave way to centrally controlled empires which spread through conquest. The northern Mesopotamian kingdom of Assyria, in existence by 1500 B.C., would become a great empire between the 9th and the 7th centuries B.C. The kings of this mountainous region were conquerors who led their armies on an endless succession of foreign campaigns and celebrated their success by building and decorating enormous stone palaces. Royal archives of inscribed clay tablets have left us a vast encyclopedia of Mesopotamian history. Select an Ancient Art section from below: Ancient Art Home Page Mesopotamia
BSAI Home Page
Founded in 1932, the BSAI is concerned with Iraq, the northern Gulf, and mesopotamian Syria.
http://britac3.britac.ac.uk/institutes/iraq/index.html

Extractions: Welcome to the BSAI Home Page Please click on the relevant items listed below for more information Details of Officers and Council Members Areas of Academic Interest Supported Details of Grants Available UK Lectures / Conferences ... Membership Publications Archaeological sites under threat in Iraq - list maintained by Professor Nicholos Postgate
Two Odonata Citations In Ancient Mesopotamian Literature, Cultural Entomology Di
mesopotamian Literature, The greek word Mesopotamia (land between therivers) names the territory between the Euphrates and Tigris River.
http://www.insects.org/ced1/mes_lit.html

Extractions: Valencia, SPAIN The greek word "Mesopotamia" (land between the rivers) names the territory between the Euphrates and Tigris River. Actually the Republic of Iraq and the eastern part of the Republic of Syria bore the site of the oldest historical civilization of Sumeria. Forming a foundation for the Babylonian and Assyrian civilizations, this area was occupied from approximately 3500 to 500 B.C. Mesopotamian civilizations are well known for their wonderful masterpieces of art; many of which can be seen in famous museums like the Louvre, the British Museum, and the Iraq Museum. Perhaps less well known is the extraordinary literary production of these people preserved on thousands of clay tablets discovered in archeological ruins including Uruk, Babylon, and Nineveh. Within this literature, citations of odonates (dragonflies) can be found in the Poem of Gilgamesh and the Poem of Atrahasis. Do we build for ever our houses,
Giorgio Buccellati
Brief profile of this University of California, Los Angeles, Emeritus Professor. Research interests include the excavation of late prehistoric and early historic sites in Syromesopotamian, Anatolia, and the Caucasus.
http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/ioa/buccellati.htm
Mesopotamian Timeline
mesopotamian Timeline. Pottery reaches it's height in all mesopotamian history.Probably had social but not economic classes. Ubaid 50003750 BCE.
http://www.geocities.com/athens/olympus/8126/mesopot.html

Extractions: 7000 BCE. Jarmo site Progressive domestication of animals and edible plants. Villiages. Invention of pottery. First baked bricks. Close to modern Chemchemal, excavated by Professor R. J. Braidwood of the University of Chicago in 1948, 1950-51 and 1955. 7 meter high artificial mount has 16 layers of superimposed havitations. 11 layers absence of pottery and belong to a per- ceramic neolithic culture. Square, multi roomed houses with mud bricks and mud ovens. Bone and flint tools. 5600-5000 BCE. Hassuna ware gradually replaced by Samarra ware. Geometric designs in red, dark brown, or purple, arranged in neat, horizontal bands. Or, representations of human beings. Extrordinary sense of movement. Tell es-Sawan, 11 kilometers south of Samara. Used flint and stone tools, but practiced first form of irrigation agriculture using Tigris floods. 5500-4500 BCE. Large mound on Turkish-Syrian border. Beautifully painted pottery. Settlements stillof biliage type nad size, but cobbled streets and some sort of municipal caretaking. REctagular houses smaller than before while round houses (tholi) become more predominant, sometimes seperated into 2 rooms, sometimes surronded by rectangular rooms. Pottery reaches it's height in all mesopotamian history. Probably had social but not economic classes.
Mesintro
A description including emergence, excavation, discovery and decipherment, reconstructing history, and a table of mesopotamian chronology.
http://www.ianlawton.com/mes1.htm

Extractions: INTRODUCTION TO ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA st May 2000 Emergence Excavation, Discovery and Decipherment Reconstructing History Table of Mesopotamian Chronology Emergence Lying within the western regions of modern-day Iraq, Mesopotamia - literally 'The Land between the Rivers' - is the name given since ancient times to the great alluvial plain built up by the silt deposits of the Euphrates in the west and the Tigris in the east. It extends from north of Baghdad down to the mouth of the Persian Gulf, and is bordered in the north and east by the vast mountain ranges stretching down from Kurdistan to the Zagros in Iran, in the west by the Syrian desert. The land is rich and fertile, ensuring high yields for farmers especially in ancient times. Indeed it has been identified with the biblical 'Garden of Eden', especially since the Euphrates is one of the rivers quoted in Genesis 2:14 as flowing out of it. However this is to over-simplify the matter. The annual flood levels are entirely dependent on the degree of inundation coming down from the surrounding mountain ranges, and this is highly variable - unlike, for example, the Nile plains in northern Egypt. The resulting alternation between drought and devastating flood made the area at worst highly vulnerable to famine, and at best an unpredictable place to live. Small wonder, say the traditionalists, that the early settlers revered their gods and prayed so much for favourable conditions. This unpredictability was coupled with the inhospitable terrain surrounding the plains, which harboured many well-protected potential enemies and ensured escape was difficult. Furthermore the land was lacking in fundamental resources for building work; stone, timber and metal were in short supply unless brought in from surrounding areas some distance away. It was not therefore the paradise for the earliest civilisations on earth to develop and flourish which some commentators would have us believe.
Land Of Sumer And Akkad - Mesopotamian Archaeology
History and Environment of the mesopotamian Plain. Selected Links mesopotamian Archaeology.The Land of Sumer and Akkad. mesopotamian Archaeology General.
http://allserv.rug.ac.be/~kverhoef/owa.html
Hixenbaugh Ancient Art
Authentic, museum quality ancient art and artifacts, including Greek, Roman, Egyptian, and mesopotamian pieces.
http://www.hixenbaugh.net
Land Of Sumer And Akkad - Mesopotamian Archaeology
http://allserv.rug.ac.be/~kverhoef/
Lesson: Mesopotamia (Women In World History Curriculum)
Discussion, analysis of mesopotamian cuneiform tablets and artifacts to define women's lives in ancient Mesopotamia from Women in World History curriculum.
http://www.womeninworldhistory.com/lesson2.html

Extractions: Accessing Women's Lives in Mesopotamia This lesson is in response to a communication from a Napa, California teacher who says that her textbook is "woefully remiss in including roles, contributions and lives of women" in Mesopotamia. Can this statement be made about your textbook too? In general, women's rights in Mesopotamia were not equal to those of men. But in early periods women were free to go out to the marketplaces, buy and sell, attend to legal matters for their absent men, own their own property, borrow and lend, and engage in business for themselves. High status women, such as priestesses and members of royal families, might learn to read and write and be given considerable administrative authority. Numerous powerful goddesses were worshiped; in some city states they were the primary deities. Women's position varied between city-states and changed over time. There was an enormous gap between the rights of high and low status women (almost half the population in the late Babylonian period were slaves), and female power and freedom sharply diminished during the Assyrian era. The first evidence of laws requiring the public veiling of elite women come from this period. Read the following excerpts gleaned from Mesopotamian cuneiform tablets and artifacts. Then find the sentence, phrase or idea that shows:
Mesopotamia
mesopotamian MATERIALS. European Centre for Upper mesopotamian Studies CentreEuropéen de Recherches sur la Haute Mésopotamie (ECUMS) WWW Home Page.
http://www.theology.edu/mespotam.htm
Flectere Magic Bibliographies And Resources
Scholarly bibliographies of books on folk magic. Topics include Witches or Magic Users in Greek Literature; Necromancy; Cursing; Anthropological and General Theories of Magic, Papyri Graecae Magicae; and Magic and Religion in Egyptian, Coptic, Jewish, Syrian, Anatolian, Hittite, and mesopotamian Cultures.
http://www.rdg.ac.uk/~lkpbodrd/magbib/.

Extractions: These bibliographies so far contain only a few works which I have consulted for my PhD research into ancient Greek perceptions of magic. The content inevitably reflects my interests (particularly archaic and classical Greek literary sources). A comprehensive bibliography of magic (even ancient magic) would in any case be prohibitive. Feel free to suggest additions, etc. Please let me know if you find this of any use. In case you have found this page while looking for something else, I have included links to other online magic resources. You are visitor number to my site since its conception in 1996. This whole site will soon be restructured to make it simpler, more attractive and hopefully more useful (and so it will involve less work to keep it updated). The current change of face of this page is the first step. The bibliographies are currently still in their unwieldy form, as listed below. There is a Text-Only Version of the full bibliography in a single document; this is more up-to-date than any of the subdivided bibliographies. The following sub-sections, divided into topics for for convenience, remain accessible but are no longer updated pending the restructure of the site (which will happen when I have more time):
Encyclopedia Mythica: Mesopotamian Mythology.
The index file for the area on mesopotamian mythology.
http://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/asia/mesopotamian/articles.html
History Of Astrology - Part 2
A historical view of mesopotamian Astrology.
http://accessnewage.com/articles/astro/rhist2.htm

Extractions: In the beginning Mesopotamian astrology was much like that of other cultures, a simple examination of the heavens for omens that might affect the kingdom. Often these observations of omens would include weather phenomena intermixed with true astronomical ones. What made the Mesopotamians different is that they began at an early time to make systematic observations of phenomena with an eye to finding regular patterns in the heavens that might correlate with patterns in human events. According to Van der Waerden (Science Awakening, Vol. II, Oxford Univ. Press) the earliest astronomical writings known in Mesopotamia are from the old Babylonian period, roughly the time of Hammurabi. It is not known whether the Sumerians were involved in astronomical studies or not, but it would seem plausible that they were. There are also some writings which refer to the Akkadian period and which may date from about 2300 B.C.E. Here is an example of one of these early writings.
Mesopotamian Maps By History Links 101
Click Here. mesopotamian Maps. Welcome to History Link 101's mesopotamianMap Page. Here you will find maps of the mesopotamian kingdoms.
http://www.historylink101.com/ancient_mesopotamia/ancient_mesopotamia_maps.htm

Extractions: Mesopotamian Maps Welcome to History Link 101's Mesopotamian Map Page. Here you will find maps of the Mesopotamian kingdoms. History Link 101 is a site developed for World History Classes, by a World History Teacher. Political Map of Mesopotamia 3000-1000 B.C. Click on the map and it will show you the different kingdoms in that time period.
CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Saint Maruthas
St. Maruthas, writer, greatly devoted to the martyrs, mesopotamian bishop, d. before 420. Feast day 4 December.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09748a.htm

Extractions: Home Encyclopedia Summa Fathers ... M > St. Maruthas A B C D ... Z Bishop of Tagrit or Maypherkat in Mesopotamia, friend of St. John Chrysostom , d. before 420. Feast, 4 Dec. He is honoured by the Latins, Greeks, Copts, and Syrians. He brought into his episcopal city the relics of so many martyrs that it received the name Martyropolis . In the interests of the Church of Persia, which had suffered much in the persecution of Sapor II, he came to Constantinople, but found Emperor Arcadius too busily engaged in the affairs of St. John Chrysostom . Later Maruthas was sent by Theodosius II to the Court of Persia, and here, in spite of the jealousy and intrigues of the Magi, he won the esteem of King Yezdigerd by his affability, saintly life, and, as is claimed, by his knowledge of medicine. He was present at the general Council of Constantinople in 381 and at a Council of Antioch in 383 (or 390), at which the Messalians were condemned. For the benefit of the Persian Church he is said to have held two synods at Ctesiphon. He must not be confounded with Maruthas (Maruta), Monophysite Bishop of Tagrit (d. 649). His writings include: (1) "Acts of the Persian Martyrs", found partly in Assemani, "Acta SS. mart. orient. et occident.", I (Rome, 1748), and more completely in Bedpan, ibid, II (Paris, 1891), 37-396. W. Wright's English translation was printed in "Journal of Sacred Literature" (Oct., 1865-Jan., 1866). Zingerle published it in German (Innsbruck, 1836). A school edition was made by Leitzmann, "Die drei altesten Martyrologien" (Bonn, 1903). See Achelis, "Die Martyrologien" (Berlin, 1900), 30-71. (2) "History of the Council of Nicaea", on which see Braun in "Kirchengeschichtliche Studien", IV, 3, and Harnack's "Ketzerkatalog des Bischofs Maruta" in "Texte u. Untersuchungen", XIX, 1, b. (3) "Acts of the Council of Seleucia-Ctesiphon", edited in Syriac and Latin by Lamy (Louvain, 1869), on which see Hefele, "Conciliengeschichte", II, 102. He also wrote hymns on the Holy Eucharist, on the Cross, and on saints.
BEFORE THE LEGEND OF NOAH
Essay about mesopotamian flood legends recorded before the bible.
http://home.att.net/~atrahasis/index.htm

Extractions: Flood Stories Predating the Noah Story Reconstruction of an ancient temple compound at Nippur founded by Ur Gur about 2800 BC. Construction and repairs continued until about 660 BC during the reign of Assyrian king Ashurbanipal. 19th century photo of the ziggurat at Nippur after removal of sand that covered it. ACCORDING TO AN INSCRIBED CLAY TABLET In ancient Mesopotamia writing was in use by about 3000 BC. The writings of ancient scholars were preserved on clay tablets. The ancient scribe formed a rectangular piece of clay and used a pointed stick to form characters in the soft clay. Some of the tablets were sun dried and placed on shelves or in jars. Others were fired in pottery kilns to make sure the valuable records might not be lost. The first writings seem to have been inventory records such as the amounts or types of items stored in clay jars. By 2000 BC there were shipping records describing maritime trade between the Persian Gulf coastal areas of Iraq and Bahrain, Oman, and Indian Ocean coasts of Pakistan, and the west coast of India (Lothal). The ancients sailed in huge reed bundle sailing boats in the Persian Gulf as described by anthropologist Thor Heyerdahl in
Ancient History Sourcebook: A Collection Of Mesopotamian Laws, C. 2250 - 550 BCE
Back to Ancient History Sourcebook . Ancient History Sourcebook ACollection of mesopotamian Laws, c. 2250 550 BCE. Laws governing
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/2550mesolaws.html

Extractions: A Collection of Mesopotamian Laws, c. 2250 - 550 BCE Laws governing private as well as public and political life were written up in Mesopotamia as early as 2250 B.C. Unfortunately, most of these early documents have been preserved in very fragmentary condition, so that only a few phases of early law and procedure are now known to us. The following fragments date from the Akkadian through the Neo-Babylonian periods. BE it enacted forever and for all future days: If a son say to his father, "You are not my father," he [the father] can cut off his [the son's] locks, make him a slave and sell him for money. If a son say to his mother, "You are not my mother," she can cut off his locks, turn him out of town, or (at least) drive him away from home, deprive him of citizenship and of inheritance, but his liberty he loses not. If a father say to his son, "You are not my son," the latter has to leave house and field and he loses everything. If a mother say to her son, "You are not my son," he shall leave house and furniture. If a wife be unfaithful to her husband and then says, "You are not my husband," let her be thrown into the river. If a husband say to his wife, "You are not my wife," he shall as a fine pay one half mana of silver. If some one hires a servant and the latter dies or is rendered useless otherwise (e.g.,by flight, rebellion, or sickness) he shall give to the owner as daily wages ten
Upper Tigris Archaeological Research Project (UTARP)
A multiyear excavation and survey project aimed at defining archaeological correlates of ancient imperialism, colonialism and culture contact in the area of the mesopotamian frontier zone.
http://128.125.139.148/index.html

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

21-40 of 117 Back | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | Next 20