Extractions: publicinfo@nlm.nih.gov As a budding teenage zoologist who frequented the swamps of Florida to collect insects in the 1940's, Marshall Nirenberg was an adept observer of plant life, insects, and birds. He captured these observations through carefully written and maintained notes. It was a habit that was to serve him well in the future. Forty years ago, in the spring of 1961, Nirenberg embarked upon a series of experiments that became the foundation for groundbreaking work on deciphering the genetic code. "Our contemporary understanding of the genetic code would not have been possible without the discoveries of Dr. Marshall Nirenberg, who shared the 1968 Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology," said Dr. Alexa McCray, who heads the Profiles in Science project.
Extractions: Seven laureates to speak at Convocation Hall Nov. 16 by Janet Wong RELATED STORIES Oct. 18, 2001 (updated Nov. 9) Seven Nobel laureates, including 1999 Nobel Peace Prize winner Dr. James Orbinski on behalf of Médecins Sans Frontières (Doctors Without Borders), will be at U of T to commemorate a Canada-Sweden celebration of the 100th anniversary of the Nobel Prize on Friday, Nov. 16, from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. at Convocation Hall, 31 King's College Circle. Did you miss the 2001Nobel lectures? You can watch a rebroadcast by clicking
Extractions: Published on Tuesday, January 28, 2003 by the New York Times 41 Nobel Laureates Sign Against a War Without International Support by William J. Broad Forty-one American Nobel laureates in science and economics issued a declaration yesterday opposing a preventive war against Iraq without wide international support. The statement, four sentences long, argues that an American attack would ultimately hurt the security and standing of the United States, even if it succeeds. The signers, all men, include a number who at one time or another have advised the federal government or played important roles in national security. Among them are Hans A. Bethe, an architect of the atom bomb; Walter Kohn, a former adviser to the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency at the Pentagon; Norman F. Ramsey, a Manhattan Project scientist who readied the Hiroshima bomb and later advised NATO; and Charles H. Townes, former research director of the Institute for Defense Analyses at the Pentagon and chairman of a federal panel that studied how to base the MX missile and its nuclear warheads. In addition to winning Nobel prizes, 18 of the signers have received the National Medal of Science, the nation's highest science honor.
The Marshall W. Nirenberg Papers: Biographical Information 1968 Shares nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology for decipheringthe genetic code with Robert W. Holley and har gobind khorana; http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/JJ/Views/Exhibit/narrative/biographical.html
Extractions: All Visuals Jump to Chronology Is there a basic chemical reason for [the genetic code], or is it to some degree a matter of historical chance? My personal belief is that there is an underlying meaning for this and that it will be found. Marshall Nirenberg, "On the Translation of the Genetic Code," 1968 Marshall Warren Nirenberg was born April 10, 1927, in New York City, to Harry Nirenberg and Minerva Bykowsky Nirenberg. In 1941, Marshall developed rheumatic fever, and the Nirenberg family moved to Orlando, Florida, to take advantage of the subtropical climate. During his teens, Nirenberg developed a scientific and aesthetic appreciation for the natural world. Reminiscing about his childhood, he remarked in 1992 that "Florida was a natural paradise in those days. And I was the kind of kid who was happy exploring swamps and caves, and collecting spiders." In the Documents section, viewers can see a sketch of spiders that he made when he was 17 years old. Nirenberg became an adept observer of plant life, insects, and birds, and captured these observations through carefully written and maintained notes. These sketches and notes presaged a career in which scientific diaries filled with thorough documentation provided a constant source of inspiration for research and analysis. In 1945, Nirenberg graduated from high school and enrolled at the University of Florida in Gainesville. He earned his B.S. degree in zoology and chemistry in 1948. In 1950, he resumed his studies at Florida and took a M.S. degree in zoology in 1952, writing a master's thesis on caddis flies.
Extractions: at the Electronic Nobel Museum Project Despite their initial success, Nirenberg and Matthaei's newfound celebrity produced some unintended consequences. While the poly-U experiment was proof that they had in effect "cracked" the genetic code, many scientistsespecially the 1959 Nobel Laureate Severo Ochoawere eager to take it to the next level. Once it was understood that UUU was the RNA "code word" for phenylalanine, scientists set out to discover the unique code words for the twenty major amino acids. With this knowledge, scientists theorized, one would know not only how RNA translates messages from DNA to build proteins, but one would be able to read the entire genetic code of living organisms. As Jerard Hurwitz and J. J. Furth asserted in Scientific American in 1962, understanding the genetic code would explain how "the dream of the gene [becomes] the reality of the protein." Many believed, as the
Nobel Prize In Physiology Or Medicine - Wikipedia Source http//www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/index.html. Granit, Haldan Kefferhartline, George Wald 1968 Robert W. Holley, har gobind khorana, Marshall W http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize/Physiology_or_medicine
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Extractions: Nobel Prize in Medicine since 1901 Year Prize Winners Behring, Emil Adolf Von Ross, Sir Ronald Finsen, Niels Ryberg Pavlov, Ivan Petrovich Koch, Robert Cajal, Santiago Ramon Y.; Golgi, Camillo Laveran, Charles Louis Alphonse Ehrlich, Paul; Mechnikov, Ilya Ilyich Kocher, Emil Theodor Kossel, Albrecht Gullstrand, Allvar Carrel, Alexis Richet, Charles Robert Barany, Robert Bordet, Jules Krogh, Schack August Steenberger Hill, Sir Archibald Vivian; Meyerhof, Otto Fritz; Banting, Sir Frederick Grant; Macleod, John James Richard; Einthoven, Willem; Fibiger, Johannes Andreas Grib Wagner-Jauregg, Julius Nicolle, Charles Jules Henri Eijkman, Christiaan; Hopkins, Sir Frederick Gowland Landsteiner, Karl Warburg, Otto Heinrich Adrian, Lord Edgar Douglas; Sherrington, Sir Charles Scott Morgan, Thomas Hunt Minot, George Richards; Murphy, William Parry; Whipple, George Hoyt Spemann, Hans Dale, Sir Henry Hallett; Loewi, Otto Nagyrapolt, Albert Szent-Gyorgyi Von Heymans, Corneille Jean Francois Domagk, Gerhard Dam, Henrik Carl Peter; Doisy, Edward Adelbert Erlanger, Joseph; Gasser, Herbert Spencer
Extractions: An Open Letter To the U.S. Senate: We urge the Senate to oppose the passage of the pending U.S. Senate Bill S. 507. We hold that Congress, before, embarking on a revision of our time tested patent system, should hold extensive hearings on whether there are serious flaws in the present system that need to be addressed and if so, how best to deal with them. This is especially important considering that a delicate structure such as the patent system, with all its ramifications, should not be subject to frequent modifications. We believe that S. 507 could result in lasting harm to the United States and the world. First, it will prove very damaging to American small inventors and thereby discourage the flow of new inventions that have contributed so much to America's superior performance in the advancement of Science and technology. It will do so by curtailing the protection they obtain through patents relative to the large multi-national corporations. Second, the principle of prior user rights saps the very spirit of that wonderful institution that is represented by the American patent system established in the Constitution in 1787, which is based on the principle that the inventor is given complete protection but for a limited length of time, after which the patent, fully disclosed in the application and published at the time of issue, becomes in the public domain, and can be used by anyone, under competitive conditions for the benefit of all final users. It will do so by giving further protection to
Nobel Laureates Oppose S.507, Alliance For American Innovation nobel Laureates Oppose S.507 Patent Reform . Medicine. har gobind khorana (1968 Medicine)MIT Daniel Nathans (1978 Medicine) John Hopkins. Have you been Scammed? http://www.piausa.org/coalition/nobel-s507/
Extractions: An Open Letter To The U.S. Senate, We urge the Senate to oppose the passage of the pending US. Senate Bill S. 507. We hold that Congress, before embarking on a revision of our time tested patent system, should hold extensive hearings on whether there are serious flaws in the present system that need to be addressed and if so, how best to deal with them. This is especially important considering that a delicate structure such as the patent system with all its ramifications should not be subject to frequent modifications. We believe that S.507 could result in lasting harm to the United States and the world. First, it will prove damaging to American small inventors and thereby discourage the flow of new inventions that have contributed so much to America's superior performance in the advancement of Science and Technology. It will do so by curtailing the protection they obtain thorough patents relative to the large multi-national corporations. Second, the principle of prior user rights saps the very spirit of that wonderful institution that is represented by the American patent system established in the Constitution since 1787, which is based on the principle that the inventor is given complete protection but for a limited length of time, after which the patent, fully disclosed in the application and published at the time of issue, becomes in the public domain, and can be used by anyone, under competitive conditions for the benefit of all final users.
PhysicsWeb - Nobel Laureates Oppose War Against Iraq Fortyone American nobel laureates have signed a declaration opposing war with RogerGuillemin, Louis J Ignarro, Eric R Kandel, har gobind khorana, Ferid Murad http://physicsweb.org/article/news/7/1/14
Colegio María Auxiliadora Translate this page filántropo sueco nacido en Estocolmo. Recordando a un ganador delPremio nobel Ir al Tope. Premio nobel 1968. khorana, har gobind. http://www.cma.e12.ve/mauxiliadora/aldea/nobel.asp
Extractions: COLEGIO COMUNIDAD CONT. ACADÉMICO TU CORREO ADMINISTRACIÓN Inf. General Inf. Institucional Archivo de Noticias Calendario Galería de Fotos F.N. Exalumnas Santos Salesianos ASOMA Archivo de Circulares Historia Dirección Autoridades Instalaciones Quiénes Somos Actividades y Deportes Fundamentos y Principios ¿Qué es CMA? Padres y Representantes Alumnas Docentes Disposiciones Finales 361º Proyecto Plan Provincial Salesianas Venezuela ¿Qué es? Misión Objetivos Opción x Pobres Proceso Educativo Comunidad Educativa Relc. Entorno Animación Plan Provincial Docentes Ex-Alumnas Sociedad de PP y RR Alumnas Equipo Docente Programas del MECD Reforma Educativa Temas de Educación Artículos de Educación Preescolar I Etapa de Básica II Etapa de Básica III Etapa de Básica E. Media Ciencias Objs. Educ.Básica P. P. Plantel P. P. Aula Ejes Transversales Desarrollo personalidad Educ.en valores Criterios evaluación Lenguaje Cont.Transversal Actualidad F.N. Exalumnas
Khorana, Har Gobind Translate this page har gobind khorana s'est marié en 1952 à Esther Elisabeth six années du pays desa naissance, khorana ne s De Cours nobel, Physiologie ou Médecine 1963-1970 http://www.cartage.org.lb/fr/themes/Biographies/mainbiographie/k/Khorana/Khorana
Extractions: Khorana, Har Gobind Har Gobind Khorana est né de parents hindous dans Raipur, un petit village dans Punjab, qui fait maintenant partie de l'Ouest le Pakistan. On ne sait (connaît) pas la date correcte de sa naissance; ce montré dans des documents est le 9 janvier 1922. Il est le plus jeune d'une famille d'une fille et quatre fils. Son père était un "patwari", un village le clerc (employé de bureau) de taxation agricole dans le système indien Britannique de gouvernement. Bien que pauvre, son père a été consacré à l'instruction de ses enfants et ils étaient pratiquement la seule famille sachant lire et écrire dans le village habité vers 100 personnes. Har Gobind Khorana a suivi (servi) D.A.V. Lycée dans Multan (maintenant Ouest Punjab); Ratan Lal, un de ses enseignants, l'a influencé énormément pendant cette période. Plus tard, il a étudié à l'Université Punjab dans Lahore où il a obtenu un M. Sc. degré. Mahan Singh, un grand enseignant et experimentalist précis, étaient son surveillant. Khorana a vécu en Inde jusqu'à 1945, quand la récompense (sentence) d'un Gouvernement de Camaraderie de l'Inde a permis pour lui pour aller en Angleterre et il a étudié pour un degré de Ph.D. (doctorat) à l'Université de Liverpool. Roger J. S. La bière a surveillé sa recherche et, de plus, s'est occupé de lui diligemment. C'était l'introduction de Khorana à la civilisation Occidentale et la culture.
Themes Geography History History Prize Winners Nobel Themes Geography History History Prize Winners nobel Prize Medicine. 1968,Holley, Robert William khorana, har gobind - Nirenberg, Marshall W. http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/GeogHist/histories/prizewinners/nobelprize/m
SIMR - Centenary Survey Of Nobel Laureates case in many places. Michael S Brown, MD, nobel Prizewinner 1985. 1968 RobertW. HOLLEY, har gobind khorana and Marshall NIRENBERG describe the genetic http://www.simr.org.uk/pages/nobel/time_line_7.html
Extractions: "I agree that animal experimentation should be humane and regulated, but the regulations must not be so onerous as to impede legitimate experimentation, which is now the case in many places." - Michael S Brown, M.D., Nobel Prizewinner 1985 Sir Frank MacFarlane BURNET and Sir Peter Brian MEDAWAR - describe acquired immunological tolerance. Georg von BKSY - shows how the inner ear works. Francis Harry Comptom CRICK, James Dewey WATSON and Maurice Hugh Frederick WILKINS - discover the molecular structure of DNA and RNA and how they transmit genetic information. Sir John Carew ECCLES, Sir Alan Lloyd HODGKIN and Sir Andrew Fielding HUXLEY - discover the ionic mechanisms by which nerves function. Peyton ROUS - discovers tumour-inducing viruses. Charles Brenton HUGGINS - devises the hormonal treatment of prostatic cancer.
NYTimes.com Article Nobel Laureates Sign Against A War In October 1999, 32 nobel laureates in physics urged the Senate to approve the J.Heeger C Louis J. Ignarro M Eric R. Kandel M har gobind khorana M Lawrence R http://www.ifi.unicamp.br/avisosgerais/msg01681.html
ClubCaminantes - Premios Nobel - Medicina, El Club De Los Caminantes Translate this page PREMIOS nobel, MEDICINA. Por su interpretación del código genético y su funciónen la sintesis de las proteinas. khorana, har gobind (Estados Unidos). http://caminantes.metropoliglobal.com/web/nobel/medicina3.htm
Extractions: Enders, John F. (Estados Unidos) Por el descubrimiento de la habilidad de los virus de la poliomelitis para desarrollarse en varios tipos de tejido. Robbins, Frederick C. (Estados Unidos) Por el descubrimiento de la habilidad de los virus de la poliomelitis para desarrollarse en varios tipos de tejido. Weller, Thomas H.
AldeaEducativa.com | Contenidos Y Consultas Educativas Translate this page Premio nobel 1968. Holley, Robert William. Por su interpretación del código genéticoy su función en la sintesis de las proteinas. khorana, har gobind. http://www.aldeaeducativa.com/aldea/Nobel1b.asp?Which=Genoma
AldeaEducativa.com | Contenidos Y Consultas Educativas Translate this page Premios nobel de 1968. Álvarez, Luis W. Por su interpretación del código genéticoy su función en la sintesis de las proteinas. khorana, har gobind. http://www.aldeaeducativa.com/aldea/Nobel1e.asp?Which=1968
Nobel Prices Related To Neuroscience nobel prices related to neuroscience. 1968 Robert W. Holley (USA), har gobind khorana(USA) and Marshall W. Nirenberg (USA) for their interpretation of the http://www.biomag.helsinki.fi/braincourse/nobelneuroscience.html
Extractions: To BioMag home page 1973 Physics: Brian David Josephson (Great Britain) "for his theoretical predictions of theproperties of a supercurrent through a barrier, in particular those phenomena which are generally known as the Josephson effects" 1991 Erwin Neher (Germany) Bert Sakmann (Germany) "for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells" Alfred G. Gilman (USA) Martin Rodbell (USA) "for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells" Send comments to Risto Ilmoniemi ( rji@biomag.helsinki.fi
Palestine Chronicle - American Nobel Laureates Make A Stand For Peace In addition to winning nobel prizes, 18 of the signers have received the National J.Heeger C Louis J. Ignarro M Eric R. Kandel M har gobind khorana M Lawrence http://www.palestinechronicle.com/article.php?story=20030308094712824