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Hodgkin Dorothy Crowfoot:     more detail

Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin: An entry from Gale's <i>Science and Its Times</i> by J. William Moncrief, 2001 Biochimiste: Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin, Robert Crane, Fernand Seguin, George Wald, Ernst Boris Chain, Juan Negrín, Paul Nurse, Eduard Buchner (French Edition) Birkbeck, Science and History, (Occasional Publications: New Series - Department of Geograph) by Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin, 1970-01 Structure of vitamin B‚‚‚, by Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin, 1955 Dorothy Mary Crowfoot Hodgkin, O.M: A biographical memoir by Guy Dodson, 2002 Structural Studies on Molecules of Biological Interest: A Volume in Honour of Dorthy Hodgkin

lists with details

41. Hodgkin, Dorothy Mary Crowfoot
    hodgkin, dorothy Mary crowfoot, 1910–94, English chemist and Xray crystallographer,b. Egypt. She received the 1964 nobel Prize in chemistry for determining  
    http://www.infoplease.com/cgi-bin/id/CE024109.html

42. Hodgkin, Dorothy Mary Crowfoot
    peopleBiography—People—H hodgkin, dorothy Mary crowfoot chemist,nobel laureate Birthplace Cairo, Egypt Born 1910 Died 1994  
    http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0301531.html

43. Malaspina.com - Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin (1910-1994)
    Kathleen Lonsdale A Biographical Memoir Amazon Biography nobel Foundation.dorothy crowfoot hodgkin (19101994) Physics Today. Click Here! Top of Page.  
    http://www.mala.bc.ca/~mcneil/hodgkin1.htm

44. Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin
    Internet Resources nobel emuseum dorothy crowfoot hodgkin Obituary reprintedfrom Physics Today Dr. dorothy crowfoot hodgkin Chemist, Crystallographer  
    http://www.punahou.edu/libraries/cooke/hodgkin.html

45. Oxford Brookes University: Medical Video Archive: Professor Dorothy Crowfoot Hod
    Professor dorothy crowfoot hodgkin OM FRS (19101994), Royal Awarded nobel Prizefor Chemistry in 1964 for work on structures of penicillin and vitamin B12.  
    http://www.brookes.ac.uk/schools/bms/medical/synopses/hodgkin5.html
    
    Extractions: Professor Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin OM FRS (1910-1994) Royal Society Wolfson Research Professor, University of Oxford, 1960-77, then Emeritus Professor, University of Oxford. Awarded Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1964 for work on structures of penicillin and vitamin B12. Professor Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin, OM FRS (1910-1994)

46. (IUCr-CWW) Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin By M.F. Perutz
    dorothy crowfoot hodgkin by MF Perutz. (First appeared in the Independent Newspaper)In October 1964 the Daily Mail carried a headline Grandmother wins nobel  
    http://www.minerals.csiro.au/mirror/w3vlc/his.hodgkin2.html
    
    Extractions: (First appeared in the Independent Newspaper) In October 1964 the Daily Mail carried a headline "Grandmother wins Nobel Prize". Dorothy Hodgkin won it "for her determination by X-ray techniques of the structures of biologically important molecules". She used a physical method, X-ray crystallography, first developed by W. L. Bragg, to find the arrangements of the atoms in simple salts and minerals. She had the courage, skill, and sheer willpower to extend the method to compounds that were far more complex than anything attempted before. The most important of these were cholesterol, vitamin D, penicillin and vitamin B12. Later she was most famous for her work on insulin, but this reached its climax only five years after she had won the prize. In the early Forties, when Howard Florey and Ernest Chain had isolated penicillin from Alexander Fleming's mould, some of the best chemists in Britain and the United States tried to find its chemical constitution. They were taken aback when a young woman, using not chemistry but X-ray analysis, then still mistrusted as an upstart physical technique, had the face to tell them what it was. When Dorothy Hodgkin insisted that its core was a ring of three carbon atoms and a nitrogen which was believed to be too unstable to exist, one of the chemists, John Cornforth, exclaimed angrily: "If that's the formula of penicillin, I'll give up chemistry and grow mushrooms". Fortunately he swallowed his words and won the Chemistry Prize himself 30 years later. Hodgkin's formula proved right and was the starting-point for the synthesis of chemically modified penicillins that have saved many lives.

47. Term Paper
    her career. In 1964, at the age of 54, dorothy crowfoot hodgkin wasawarded the nobel Prize in Chemistry(Hunter). hodgkin shared  
    http://inst.augie.edu/~cahansen/termpaper.html
    
    Extractions: British crystallographer Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin was known for her advancements in the field of x-ray crystallography and biomolecular structure. Hodgkin accomplished structure determinations on many compounds of medical importance, including penicillin, insulin, and vitamin B12, through the use of x-ray diffraction analysis. She also introduced computers into the processing of diffraction patterns(Dickneider). Hodgkin was finally rewarded for her efforts as the sole Nobel Laureate in 1964(Hunter). Her love for chemistry all began as a child growing up in England. Dorothy Mary Crowfoot was born in Cairo, Egypt on May 12, 1910(Dickneider). She was born to English parents. Her father, John Winter Crowfoot was an inspector for the Ministry of Education. He was a distinguished classical scholar and archaeologist. Her mother, Grace Mary Hood Crowfoot, was an excellent botanist. She was also an expert on ancient textiles(Hunter). Dorothy was one of four daughters. Her early years were spent in Norfolk, England where she attended the Sir John Leman School in Beccles, Suffolk(Dickneider). At age ten, she was introduced to elementary chemistry. It was here that she grew her first crystals and began learning crystallography. From the beginning she was intrigued by “the elegance and beauty of their geometric shapes, with plane faces meeting at characteristic angles, and the orderly symmetry of their structures”(Hunter). During the spring after her thesis, while in London to photograph insulin at the Royal Institution, she met Thomas L. Hodgkin. Hodgkin, a historian, was educated at Winchester and Oxford. He came from a remarkable family that includes Dr. Thomas Hodgkin, who first described the neoplastic condition known today as Hodgkin’s disease. Thomas and Dorothy were married in December of 1937. They had three children: Luke, born in 1938, Elizabeth, born in 1941, and Toby born in 1946(Hunter).

48. Term Paper Bibliography
    Dickneider, Trudy A. dorothy crowfoot hodgkin. The nobel Prize Winners in ChemistryVol. dorothy crowfoot hodgkin. nobel Prize Women in Science. 1993.  
    http://inst.augie.edu/~cahansen/bibliography.html
    
    Extractions: Glusker, Jenny P. and Adams, Margaret J. "Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin." Physics Today. (May, 1995): n.pag. Online. Internet. 2 Dec 2000. Available: http://curie.che.virginia.edu/scientist/hodgkin.html Hunter, Norman W. "Dorothy Hodgkin." Nobel Laureates in Chemistry 1901-1992. 1993 ed. McGrayne, Sharon Bertsch. "Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin." Nobel Prize Women in Science.

49. UK National Historic Chemical Landmarks - The Work Of Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin,
    14 May 2001, University of Oxford The work of dorothy crowfoot hodgkin. This landmark,which recognised the work of nobelprize winning X-ray Crystallographer  
    http://www.rsc.org/lap/publicaf/landmarks_UK0501.htm
    
    Extractions: The work of Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin This landmark, which recognised the work of Nobel-prize winning X-ray Crystallographer Dorothy Hodgkin, was celebrated with a special lecture by Professor Sir Tom Blundell entitled "Structural Biology and Crystallography today: the influence of Dorothy Hodgkin on current developments". The lecture took place in the University of Oxford Museum of Natural History. Presentation of the plaque Dorothy Hodgkin elucidated the structures of the antibiotic penicillin and vitamin B12, a treatment for pernicious anaemia, thereby augmenting the synthesis and production of these compounds. Some years later she and her colleagues also discovered the structure of insulin, the hormone responsible for carbohydrate metabolism and employed therapeutically in the management of diabetes Click here to read the press release for this event * These are PDF files and require the Adobe Acrobat Reader Go to Historic Chemical Landmarks Homepage

50. ÈËÎï
    Includes a photograph, a list of awards, and information on his nobel Prizewinningresearch in chemiluminescence. dorothy Mary crowfoot hodgkin.  
    http://www.lib.szu.edu.cn/szulibhtm/AD_xkzt/BD_hx/People.htm
    
    Extractions: Nobel Prizes in Chemistry This site lists the names of the Nobel Prize winners in chemistry and the achievements for which they won the prize, from 1901 to 1999. In some cases, the list gives links to home pages devoted to the winner. Winners of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry This is an even better site, with a little biographical information on the winners, and more Web links, including an Alta Vista search on each chemist Awards Administered by the American Chemical Society This site lists the awards administered by the ACS, with descriptions of each, contact persons, and information on the nominating procedure. Nobel Prize in Chemistry Winners Almaz Enterprises Chronological or alphabetical list of the Nobel laureates in chemistry. Features brief biographical data, links to relevant Web sites, and a selected bibliography on the topics for which the prizes were awarded. Amedeo Avogadro Brief biography of this Italian chemist. Includes information on his education, career, contributions to chemistry, and work leading to the determination of Avogadro number.

51. Profile:Dorathy
    B12 and she became the 3rd woman to ever win the nobel prize in In July of 1994,Dr.dorothy crowfoot hodgkin died from stroke at home in Shipston-on -Stour  
    http://www.geocities.com/CollegePark/Quad/1267/dorathy.htm
    
    Extractions: At that time when very few women studied science she took her basic degree in chemistry While studying in the department of mineralogy and crystallography, she employed the physical science of X-ray crystallography to aid her in determining the structural arrangement of atoms in simple salts and minerals such as thallium dialkyl - halides . This was the first of what would be many X-ray studies. In 1933 Miss.Crowfoot began working with J.D.Bernarl on her doctorate at Cambridge. During her research Miss.Crowfoot was able to determine the structural layout of atoms and the over all molecular shape of numerous molecules. This information contributed to molecular biological activity. It was then that she was involved, along with Bernal recording the first X-ray diffraction pattern from a protein (pepsin) crystal. This marked the beginning of macromolecular crystallography which dominates structural biology today. In 1934 upon her return to Oxford University she crystallized and X-ray photographed insulin. This was a major achievement since she completed the crystallization and photographs on her own. This analysis was completed at a time when crystal structures of even simple molecules was a great challenge. While working at Oxford University she was barred from research meetings of the faculty Chemistry Club because she was a woman. Later her talent and perseverance prevailed and she won over the students and faculty members.

52. KiatipisAlbum_No5/Χόντσκιν, Ντ
    hodgkin, dorothy Mary crowfoot née crowfoot. English chemist whose determinationof the structure of vitamin B 12 brought her the 1964 nobel Prize for Chemistry  
    http://www.geocities.com/kiatipisalbum5/Portraits5/Hodgkin_Dorothy.htm
    
    Extractions: Πηγή: David Burnie: "Το Λεξικό της Φύσης", Εκδ. Ερευνητές, Αθήνα,1994 Hodgkin, Dorothy Mary Crowfoot b. May 12, 1910, Cairo, Egypt d. July 29, 1994, Shipston-on-Stour, Warwickshire, Eng. née CROWFOOT English chemist whose determination of the structure of vitamin B brought her the 1964 Nobel Prize for Chemistry. While at Somerville College, Oxford (1928-32), Hodgkin began her crystallographic studies. While studying for her doctorate at the University of Cambridge in the mid-1930s, she and a coworker took the first X-ray diffraction photograph of the protein pepsin , and somewhat later she made a survey of the sterols. She returned to Oxford as a tutor in 1935, and in 1937 she married the writer and lecturer Thomas L. Hodgkin. She continued to teach at Oxford, eventually becoming emeritus professor there as well as Wolfson research professor of the Royal Society (1960-77), chancellor of Bristol University (1970-88), and fellow of Wolfson College, Oxford (1977-82). From 1942 to 1949 Hodgkin worked on a structural analysis of penicillin. She and her colleagues made the first X-ray photograph of vitamin B

53. Hodgkin, Dorothy Crowfoot -- Encyclopædia Britannica Online Article
    The English chemist dorothy crowfoot hodgkin was awarded the nobel prize for chemistryin 1964 for her work in determining the structure of vitamin B 12 .  
    http://search.britannica.com/ebi/article?eu=296823&query=macromolecule&ct=ebi

54. Search Results For Macromolecule - Encyclopædia Britannica - The Online Encyclo
    The English chemist dorothy crowfoot hodgkin was awarded the nobel prize for chemistryin 1964 for her work in determining the structure of vitamin B12.  
    http://search.britannica.com/search?query=macromolecule&ct=ebi&fuzzy=N

55. Capitolo 5 Paragrafo3
    Translate this page altri modelli visibili alle sue spalle dorothy crowfoot nacque al la scoperta delnuovo farmaco la hodgkin raggiunse l le fu assegnato il premio nobel per la  
    http://www.ips.it/scuola/concorso_99/profumo/c5par3.htm
    
    Extractions: Questa fu la prima di molte ricerche ai raggi X : in seguito applicò il suo metodo allo studio di molecole più complesse. Fino ad arrivare allo studio dell'attività molecolare biologica, delle proteine, della struttura dell'insulina, dell'emoglobina e dei virus. Lavorò con J. D. Bernal in questo campo. Nel 1934 studiò e fotografò ai raggi X l'insulina, lavorando di persona nei laboratori dell'Università di Oxford. I risultati che ottenne hanno cambiato il volto della moderna biologia. Ma ebbe molte difficoltà perché era esclusa da una serie di occasioni di incontro tra ricercatori essendo donna.

56. Hodgkin, Dorothy Mary Crowfoot
    hodgkin, dorothy Mary crowfoot 1910, English chemist and X-ray crystallographer,b. Egypt. She received the 1964 nobel Prize in chemistry for determining the  
    http://www.slider.com/enc/25000/Hodgkin_Dorothy_Mary_Crowfoot.htm
    
    Extractions: Hodgkin, Dorothy Mary Crowfoot 1910-, English chemist and X-ray crystallographer, b. Egypt. She received the 1964 Nobel Prize in chemistry for determining the structure of biochemical compounds (particularly of vitamin B ) used to control pernicious anemia. In 1933 she and J.D. Bernal made the first X-ray photograph of a protein (pepsin). She was president (1977-78) of the British Association for the Advancement of Science.

57. :::::: Nobel Prize Women In Science ::::::
    of 15 women scientists who either won a nobel Prize or Barbara McClintock, Maria GoeppertMayer, Rita LeviMontalcini, dorothy crowfoot hodgkin, Chien-Shiung Wu  
    http://mcgrayne.net/book2.html
    
    Extractions: Since 1901, more than 500 men have won science Nobel Prizes. Only ten women scientists - fewer than two percent of the total - have won Nobels. Why? This book explores the reasons for this enormous disparity by examining the lives and achievements of 15 women scientists who either won a Nobel Prize or came very close. The biographies are based on personal interviews with all the featured women who were alive at the time and with more than 250 of their close associates. The 15 women are: Marie Curie, Lise Meitner, Emmy Noether, Gerty Radnitz Cori, Irene Joliot-Curie, Barbara McClintock, Maria Goeppert Mayer, Rita Levi-Montalcini, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin, Chien-Shiung Wu, Gertrude Elion, Rosalind Franklin, Rosalyn Yalow, and Christiane Nuesslein-Volhard.

58. Chemists
    return to top of page dorothy crowfoot hodgkin dorothy crowfoot hodgkin (19101994),a British biochemist and crystallographer, won the 1964 nobel Prize for  
    http://www2.worldbook.com/features/wscimed/html/chemists.htm
    
    Extractions: Irene Joliot-Curie Chemistry is the scientific study of substances. Chemists investigate the properties (characteristics) of the substances that make up the universe. They study how those substances behave under different conditions. They attempt to explain the behavior of a substance in terms of the substance's structure and composition. Chemists also seek to understand chemical changes. Chemical changes involve alterations in a substance's chemical makeup. The combination of iron with oxygen from the air to form rust is a chemical change. Substances may also go through physical change without altering their chemical makeup. Water changes physically but not chemically when it freezes. Chemists have learned much about the chemical substances and processes that occur in nature. In addition, chemical researchers have created many useful substances that do not occur naturally. Products resulting from chemical research include many artificial fibers, drugs, dyes, fertilizers, and plastics. The knowledge gained by chemists and the materials they have produced have greatly improved people's lives.

59. Les Grands Chimistes :: Département De Chimie :: Université Laval
    Translate this page hodgkin (dorothy crowfoot) Chimiste britannique Le Caire 1910 - Shipston-on-Stour1994 Prix nobel de chimie en 1964, Au début de  
    http://www.chm.ulaval.ca/grandschim/h.html

60. Pugwash Review - Dorothy Hodgkin: A Life
    no national boundaries. dorothy Mary crowfoot's parents came dorothy requested allliving nobel scientists to of detail provided by the dorothy hodgkin A Life  
    http://www.pugwash.org/reports/pim/hodgkin.htm
    
    Extractions: D Ferry's biography aptly characterizes Dorothy as "a quintessentially English woman whose humanity recognized no national boundaries." Dorothy Mary Crowfoot's parents came from conventional well-off families who valued learning and intellectual curiosity. They strongly influenced Dorothy towards systematic investigation to answer questions. Her early scholarship in Suffolk was under progressive educators who used practical demonstrations to teach their students. An unforgettable experiment for Dorothy was one of mixing solutions of alum and copper sulfate which were then allowed to evaporate and produced sparkling crystals. She later wrote "I was captured for life by chemistry and by crystals." Her father John studies classics at Oxford which took him to Greece, Cyprus and Asia Minor to work on excavations. Before he left England in 1909 John married Grace Mary Hood (Molly) whose background prepared her to be a good wife to a country gentleman. Dorothy was born the next year and for the first four years of her life she and her family lived the typical life of English expatriates administering the empire in its outposts. They returned to England for a few months each year but during the entire period of the First World War the children, cared for by relatives and friends, saw their mother only once, when she visited England for a few weeks. Molly then decided to stay home in England and undertook to educate her children herself on walks, nature studies, and history which were all greatly enjoyed a period Dorothy felt was the happiest in her life.

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