21. Climate Change And Greenhouse Gases Climate Change and greenhouse gases. Adopted by Council December, 2002.Atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse http://www.agu.org/sci_soc/policy/climate_change_position.html

Climate Change and Greenhouse Gases Adopted by Council December, 2002 Atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases have substantially increased as a consequence of fossil fuel combustion and other human activities. These elevated concentrations of greenhouse gases are predicted to persist in the atmosphere for times ranging to thousands of years. Increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases affect the Earth-atmosphere energy balance, enhancing the natural greenhouse effect and thereby exerting a warming influence at the Earth's surface. Because of these uncertainties, there is much public debate over the extent to which increased concentrations of greenhouse gases have caused or will cause climate change, and over potential actions to limit and/or respond to climate change. It is important that public debate take into account the extent of scientific knowledge and the uncertainties. Science cannot be the sole source of guidance on how society should respond to climate issues. Nonetheless, scientific understanding based on peer-reviewed research must be central to informed decision-making. AGU calls for an enhancement of research to improve the quantification of anthropogenic influences on climate. To this end, international programs of research are essential. AGU encourages scientists worldwide to participate in such programs and in scientific assessments and policy discussions. The world may already be committed to some degree of human-caused climate change, and further buildup of greenhouse gas concentrations maybe expected to cause further change. Some of these changes may be beneficial and others damaging for different parts of the world. However, the rapidity and uneven geographic distribution of these changes could be very disruptive. AGU recommends the development and evaluation of strategies such as emissions reduction, carbon sequestration, and adaptation to the impacts of climate change. AGU believes that the present level of scientific uncertainty does not justify inaction in the mitigation of human-induced climate change and/or the adaptation to it.

22. ARRPEEC Conducting research on energyenvironment-climate issues in Asia. Objectives include mitigation of greenhouse gases and other hazardous emissions. Centered in Bangkok, Thailand. http://www.arrpeec.ait.ac.th

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23. BBC NEWS | Science/Nature | Greenhouse Gases 'at Record Levels' Tuesday, 11 February, 2003, 1616 GMT greenhouse gases 'at recordlevels' Stormy weather Feedbacks mean increasing uncertainty, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/2749097.stm

NEWS SPORT WEATHER WORLD SERVICE ... A-Z INDEX SEARCH You are in: Science/Nature News Front Page Africa Americas ... Programmes SERVICES Daily E-mail News Ticker Mobile/PDAs Text Only ... Help EDITIONS Change to UK Tuesday, 11 February, 2003, 16:16 GMT Greenhouse gases 'at record levels' Stormy weather: Feedbacks mean increasing uncertainty By Alex Kirby BBC News Online environment correspondent British scientists say greenhouse gases are at the highest background levels ever recorded in the atmosphere. They say stabilising the amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) will be harder, because a warming world will trigger feedback mechanisms. Their report says the UK exceeded its international target for cutting greenhouse emissions by 2000. The UK Government says the scientists' findings show much more needs to be done to reduce emissions. The report, the Global Atmosphere Research Programme 2000-2002, is published by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra). More to do It provides the results of Defra's research programme on climate change and stratospheric ozone, based at the UK's Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research.

24. Eiolca.net - Free Life Cycle Assessment On The Internet Uses 1992 inputoutput table of US economy to show economic and environmental effects of producing 500 commodities. Environmental impacts of production are expressed in terms of Conventional Pollutants, greenhouse gases, Toxic Chemicals, and other releases. http://www.eiolca.net

We have recently finished updating conventional pollutant and greenhouse gas data for the 1997 model and greenhouse gas and fuel data for the 1992 model. Please note the new estimates. This site allows you to estimate the overall environmental impacts from producing a certain dollar amount of any of 500 commodities or services in the United States. It will provide rough guidance on the relative impacts of different types of products, materials, services, or industries with respect to resource use and emissions throughout the U.S. The entire supply chain of requirements is included, so that the effects of producing a $20,000 motor vehicle would include not only the impacts of final assembly, but also the impact from mining of metals, making electronic parts, forming windows, etc. that are needed for parts to build the car. This analysis is a form of life cycle assessment based upon an economic input output model of the United States, publicly available data and linear algebra calculation methods. The impact model is linear, so the effects of a $20,000 motor vehicle purchase would be double that of a $10,000 motor vehicle. Remember that this data is only for production, so impacts of gasoline use and maintenance need to be evaluated separately. Environmental impacts include energy use, air pollutants, hazardous wastes, toxics emissions and dollar estimates of external air pollution costs. See the

25. Climate Change - What Is Climate Change - The Greenhouse Gases Read More The Earth is a Greenhouse The greenhouse gases Maps and Graphs Current Research Programs Find Out More Primers, Pamphlets, Presentations Read More Changes to our Environment Regional Impacts Our Health and Wellbeing Global Impacts Find http://climatechange.gc.ca/english/issues/what_is/greenhouse_gas.shtml

Read More The Earth is a Greenhouse The Greenhouse Gases Maps and Graphs Current Research Programs Find Out More Primers, Pamphlets, Presentations Read More Changes to our Environment Regional Impacts Our Health and Well-being Global Impacts Find Out More Canada Country Study More Information on Impacts Read More Using Energy More Efficiently At Home At Work On the Road ... Adapting Today to Tomorrow's Changes DO MORE Hot Tips Find out what Canadians are doing! Find Out More More Resources on Actions National Plan Federal Regional and Local ... More Resources What are the greenhouse gases (GHG) and how are they produced? We know that our atmosphere is a complex mixture of gases that trap the sun's heat near the earth's surface, similar to how the glass of a greenhouse traps the sun's warmth.  The main greenhouse gases are water vapour (H 0), carbon dioxide (CO

26. BBC NEWS | Science/Nature | 'Urgent Need To Cut Greenhouse Gases' The world must cut its emissions of greenhouse gases by more thanhalf, says the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/2349289.stm

CATEGORIES TV RADIO COMMUNICATE ... INDEX SEARCH You are in: Science/Nature News Front Page World UK ... Programmes SERVICES Daily E-mail News Ticker Mobile/PDAs Text Only ... Help EDITIONS Change to World Wednesday, 23 October, 2002, 01:07 GMT 02:07 UK 'Urgent need to cut greenhouse gases' Call comes on opening day of a climate conference By Alex Kirby BBC News Online environment correspondent Developed countries must start working urgently towards massive cuts in emissions of greenhouse gases, says a UK environmentalist group. The call from the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) comes on the opening day of a climate conference in the Indian capital Delhi. The conference brings together countries which have signed the Kyoto Protocol, the international agreement on tackling climate change. The RSPB says emissions cuts of 60% must be implemented by the middle of the 21st Century to slow down global warming. Developed countries have agreed so far to try to reduce greenhouse emissions to 5.2% below their 1990 levels. Respected The RSPB is respected for its work in the UK and abroad to conserve not only species but entire eco-systems, and the human societies that depend on them.

27. Global Warming:Understanding Greenhouse Gases For Education And Learning Software and related curriculum materials for sale. http://seeds2lrn.com/greenIndex.html

The Science of Global Warming About Program Content Lessons System Requirements ... Pricing and Ordering Study global warming and climate change to learn math and science. Provide your students with an authentic global climate model they can use to help them understand their environment. Get impressive, easy to use software, for days and weeks of exciting learning. Software Reviews Additional Resource Recommendations Other Educational Web Sites About ... Pricing and Ordering Critical Software Review: Recommended by the Eisenhower National Clearinghouse Recommended by the CoVis Program: Learning through Collaborative Visualization - Enhancing science learning to provide authentic experiences in the practice of science CoVis Program . Review by Dr. Jonathan D. W. Kahl, Director UWM CoVis Project, Assoc Professor, Atmospheric Science Name of Product: Global Warming: Understanding Greenhouse Gases Software [X] Web-Based [ ] (check one) Publishing/Parent Company: Seeds Software System Requirements (Mac/PC): Mac/Win Subject Covered: Earth Science, Physics

28. World Data Centre For Greenhouse Gases (WDCGG) The World Data Centre for greenhouse gases (WDCGG) is established to collect, archiveand provide data for greenhouse (CO2, CH4, CFCs, N2O, etc.) and related http://gaw.kishou.go.jp/wdcgg.html

29. Welcome To Global Environment And Energy In The 21st Century! Notfor-profit organization which carries out research and educational activities dealing with issues of environment and energy. Areas of activity include reducing emissions of greenhouse gases, transfer and diffusion of environment-friendly energy technologies, and water and security in South Asia. http://www.gee21.org/

WELCOME TO GEE-21 G lobal E nvironment and E n ergy in the st Centur y About GEE-21 Global Environment and Energy in the 21st Century (GEE-21) is a not-for-profit organization which carries out research and educational activities dealing with issues of environment and energy. It is incorporated in Hawaii, with an international Board of Directors. The initial program areas of GEE-21 are: Water and Security in South Asia. A project is currently being carried out with the cooperation of organizations in Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Pakistan. Global Climate Change, with the emphasis on strategies for reducing emissions of greenhouse gases from energy systems. Cooperation in the transfer and diffusion of environment-friendly energy technologies. The activities undertaken by GEE-21 are carried out in collaboration with national and multilateral institutions in several countries, such as the Asian Development Bank (ADB), Asian Institute of Technology, the Carnegie Corporation of New York, the Danish International Development Agency, the School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) of the Johns Hopkins University in Washington D.C., and the UNEP Collaborating Centre on Energy and the Environment, Denmark (UCCEE). Global Environment and Energy in the 21st Century 1765 Ala Moana Boulevard #1189 Honolulu, Hawaii 96815-1420 USA

30. World Data Centre For Greenhouse Gases (WDCGG) The World Data Centre for greenhouse gases (WDCGG) is established under the GlobalAtmosphere Watch (GAW) programme to collect, archive and provide data for http://gaw.kishou.go.jp/wdcgg/wdcgg.html

The World Data Centre for Greenhouse Gases (WDCGG) is established under the Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) programme to collect, archive and provide data for greenhouse (CO , CH , CFCs, N O, etc.) and related (CO, NO X , SO , VOC, etc.) gases and surface ozone in the atmosphere and ocean, measured under GAW and other programmes. From this web site, you can obtain information including WDCGG's publications and measurement data that have been contributed by organizations and individual researchers in the world. Please note that you should properly reference the data, when you use and publish them, by citing the contributors and the source of the data and that any information on this web site should be used only for non-profitable purposes. Introduction An explanation of WDCGG. Gases Simple description of the present status of greenhouse gases and related gases. (excerpted from Data Summary 2002) Stations Searchable station directory and metadata. Data All the data collected by WDCGG to be downloaded and be viewed in a graph. ( update : once a month)

31. PAS Technology A/S Photoacoustic based gas monitors for the OEM market. Monitors greenhouse gases like SF6, N2O, CO, CO2, CH4 and solvents. http://www.pastech.dk

PAS Technology A/S Sulphur hexaflouride (SF6) measurement, Nitrous Oxide (N2O) measurement, Photoacoustic gas monitors, OEM gas monitors, greenhouse gas measurement, Photoacoustic effect, Photoacoustic detection, gas detection modules for system integration, Photoacoustic spectroscopy, Infrared spectroscopy. Photoacoustic based gas monitors for the OEM market. Monitors greenhouse gases like SF6, N2O, CO, CO2, CH4 and solvents. This page uses frames, but your browser doesn't support them. A newer browser available for free at http://www.microsoft.com/windows/ie/

32. CMDL Carbon Cycle Greenhouse Gases Group Carbon Cycle greenhouse gases Group (CCGG). The use of fossil fuelsand practice of deforestation to meet the world's energy demands http://www.cmdl.noaa.gov/ccgg/

Home About CMDL Publications Organization ... FAQ Carbon Cycle Greenhouse Gases Group (CCGG) The use of fossil fuels and practice of deforestation to meet the world's energy demands has lead to increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere. Both gases absorb terrestrial infrared radiation and have the potential to affect earth's climate. Before policies can be developed to limit the emissions of these gases into the atmosphere, their biogeochemical cycling must be understood. The NOAA CMDL Carbon Cycle Greenhouse Gases group makes ongoing discrete measurements from land and sea surface sites and aircraft, and continuous measurements from baseline observatories and tall towers. These measurements document the spatial and temporal distributions of carbon-cycle gases and provide essential constraints to our understanding of the global carbon cycle. Cooperative Air Sampling Network - The NOAA CMDL CCGG cooperative air sampling network is an international effort which includes regular discrete samples from the four NOAA CMDL baseline observatories, cooperative fixed sites, and commercial ships. Air samples are collected approximately weekly from a globally distributed network of sites.

33. PNAS -- Gerstell Et Al. 98 (5): 2154 A recent technical paper from the Feb. 27, 2001 issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/98/5/2154

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , Vol. 98, Issue 5, 2154-2157, February 27, 2001 Abstract of this Article Reprint (PDF) Version of this Article Similar articles found in: PNAS Online ISI Web of Science PubMed PubMed Citation Search Medline for articles by: Gerstell, M. F. Aaltonee, E. T. Search for citing articles in: ISI Web of Science (1) Alert me when: new articles cite this article Download to Citation Manager Special Feature Geophysics Keeping Mars warm with new super greenhouse gases M. F. Gerstell J. S. Francisco Y. L. Yung C. Boxe , and E. T. Aaltonee Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, MS 150-21, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125; and Department of Chemistry and Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 Edited by Donald M. Hunten, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, and approved January 11, 2001 (received for review October 26, 2000) Abstract Top Abstract Introduction Infrared Quantum-Mechanical... Required Greenhouse Columns Photolysis Discussion References Our selection of new super greenhouse gases to fill a putative "window" in a future Martian atmosphere relies on quantum-mechanical calculations. Our study indicates that if Mars could somehow acquire

34. Fuel Cells - Reducing Greenhouse Gases Article From Western Canadian Online Outdoors News Archive. http://www.westcanoon.com/archive/fuelcell.html

Alberta Outdoors Online News Vol.1 No. 7 December 2001 Fuel Cells - Reducing Greenhouse Gases Bob Kenyon Due to the evident threat of global warming industries, individuals, governments and academics are searching to find ways to reduce greenhouse gases. Greenhouse gases, primarily water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide, trap the heat of the sun, preventing radiation from dissipating into space. Canada's commitment, to the December 1997 Kyoto Protocol, was to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to 6% below 1990 levels by 2008-2012. One of the biggest producers of green house gases, are our main form of transportation...cars. Obviously we need ways to reduce the emissions from vehicles. How to reduce these emissions may come from a small company, Ballard Power Systems (www.ballard.com/) located in the Vancouver area. Based on the solid polymer fuel cells, of the type that were first developed by General Electric to fly in NASA's 1960's Gemini space program; Ballard have developed a cell that produces electricity by electrochemically combining hydrogen fuel. The hydrogen can be obtained from fuels such as natural gas, methanol, or petroleum, and oxygen from the air. When fueled by pure hydrogen, heat and pure water vapor are the only by-products from the fuel cell's electrochemical reaction. Ballard Power Systems is recognized as the world leader in developing, manufacturing and marketing zero-emission proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells for use in transportation, electricity generation and portable power products. Ballard Power Systems' proprietary fuel cell technology is enabling automobile, electrical equipment and portable power product manufacturers to develop environmentally clean products for sale. To this extent Ballard is partnering with strong, world-leading companies in all of the related industries.

35. UNFCCC GREENHOUSE GASES INVENTORY DATA BASE http://ghg.unfccc.int/

36. Coal Combustion Article discusses coal combustion which produces carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. Releases from coal combustion also contain naturally occurring radioactive materials. http://www.ornl.gov/ORNLReview/rev26-34/text/colmain.html

ver the past few decades, the American public has become increasingly wary of nuclear power because of concern about radiation releases from normal plant operations, plant accidents, and nuclear waste. Except for Chernobyl and other nuclear accidents, releases have been found to be almost undetectable in comparison with natural background radiation. Another concern has been the cost of producing electricity at nuclear plants. It has increased largely for two reasons: compliance with stringent government regulations that restrict releases of radioactive substances from nuclear facilities into the environment and construction delays as a result of public opposition. Partly because of these concerns about radioactivity and the cost of containing it, the American public and electric utilities have preferred coal combustion as a power source. Today 52% of the capacity for generating electricity in the United States is fueled by coal, compared with 14.8% for nuclear energy. Although there are economic justifications for this preference, it is surprising for two reasons. First, coal combustion produces carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases that are suspected to cause climatic warming, and it is a source of sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides, which are harmful to human health and may be largely responsible for acid rain. Second, although not as well known, releases from coal combustion contain naturally occurring radioactive materialsmainly, uranium and thorium.

37. UNFCCC GREENHOUSE GASES INVENTORY DATA BASE http://ghg.unfccc.int/default1.htf?time=05:05:17 PM

38. Carbon For Kids Helps kids learn about greenhouse gases and global warming. http://www.icbe.com/carbonforkids/

Carbon for Kids An educational venue for kids to learn about: - Greenhouse Gases - Global Warming 1 gallon of conventional liquid gasoline turns into 172 cubic feet / 4.87 cubic meters of CO 1 ton of CO easily fills up a 19,000 cubic feet / 556 cubic meters container. Every year, the average person in the United States produces 20 tons of CO Every year, the United States produces enough CO to cover its entire land surface, including Alaska and Hawaii, with 1 foot of CO Basic Assumptions: 1. Gasoline density is 2791 grams per gallon, containing 85.5% carbon by weight. 2. Temperature = 25 degrees Celsius (room temperature) 3. Pressure = 1 Atmosphere (sea level) 4. Surface Area of United States = 9,158,960 km² / 5,678,555 miles² For more CO facts, see the links below: CO Volume Calculations CO by population ... for American Cars

39. Sustainable Energy Authority Victoria - Home Page Established to contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gases, support and facilitate the development and use of sustainable energy options to achieve environmental and economic benefits for the Victorian community. http://www.seav.vic.gov.au

About us Advice News and events Renewable energy ... Search Related websites greenhousegases.gov.au environment.vic.gov.au www.nre.vic.gov.au travelsmart The Sustainable Energy Authority is pursuing new options for a sustainable energy future. The gap between our growing demand for energy and what we currently produce from sustainable sources continues to widen. The Sustainable Energy Authority is pursuing many new initiatives to accelerate the adoption of sustainable energy across all sectors of the Victorian economy. The Business plan Business plan 2002–2003 (900k) Partnerships information and selection criteria Adobe Acrobat PDF Reader 5 star regulatory impact bulletin Energy efficiency standards for new residential buildings Download Solar Hot Water Rebate Up to $1500 for accredited solar hot water systems. More Wind energy guidelines Policy and planning guidelines for the development of wind energy facilities in Victoria. More Business energy and greenhouse management information More © SEAV 2003 Privacy

40. Default Offers consultation to the chemicals industry in greenhouse gases, Criteria Air Contaminants, toxics, and energy and environmental policy. http://www.cheminfoservices.com

Cheminfo Services Inc. "Environmental solutions for a growing economy" Environmental Consulting... Click here for no frames version (not recommended)

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