1. EPA's Clean Air Market Programs - Acid Rain Information about acid rain, its causes and effects, how we measure acid rain, and what is being Category Science Environment Air Quality Acid Deposition......acid rain. acid rain is a serious environmental problem that affects largeparts of the US and Canada. What is acid rain and What Causes It? http://www.epa.gov/airmarkets/acidrain/

Clean Air Markets - Environmental Issues Recent Additions Contact Us Print Version Search: EPA Home Clean Air Markets Environmental Issues Acid Rain ... Students and Teachers Acid Rain Acid rain is a serious environmental problem that affects large parts of the US and Canada. This section of the Web site provides information about acid rain's causes and effects, how we measure acid rain, and what is being done to solve the problem. What is acid rain and what causes it? How do we measure acid rain? What are acid rain's effects? How do we reduce acid rain? ... Lesson plans for K-12 from the Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission Note: If you're looking for the Student Sourcebook, you've found it! We've combined it with other materials, updated and expanded the information, and reformatted it to cover a broader range of topics.. This page links to all of the information in the original Sourcebook; in many cases, it uses the same text as the Sourcebook. What is Acid Rain and What Causes It?

2. Acid Rain This website explores the causes and solutions to the acid rain problem.Category Science Environment Air Quality Acid Deposition......acid rainA Contemporary World Problem acid rain is one of the mostdangerous and widespread forms of pollution. Sometimes called http://www.geocities.com/narilily/acidrain.html

Acid RainA Contemporary World Problem Acid rain is one of the most dangerous and widespread forms of pollution. Sometimes called "the unseen plague," acid rain can go undetected in an area for years. Technically, acid rain is rain that has a larger amount of acid in it than what is normal. The acidity of rain in parts of Europe and North America has dramatically increased over the past few decades. It is now common in many places for rain to be ten to seventy times more acid than unpolluted rain. Many living and non-living systems become harmed and damaged as a result of acid rain. This website gives an informational, in-depth look at acid rainit's causes and effects; and solutions to the acid rain problem. Causes of Acid Rain Acid rain is caused by smoke and gases that are given off by factories and cars that run on fossil fuels. When these fuels are burned to produce energy, the sulfur that is present in the fuel combines with oxygen and becomes sulfur dioxide; some of the nitrogen in the air becomes nitrogen oxide. These pollutants go into the atmosphere, and become acid. Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide are produced especially when coal is burnt for fuel. Burning coal produces electricity, and the more electricity that people use, the more coal is burnt. Of course, nowadays people probably couldn't live without electricity, so coal will continue to be burnt; but electricity and energy are constantly being

3. The Swedish NGO Secretariat On Acid Rain The Swedish. NGO Secretariat. on acid rain. News. Acid News http://www.acidrain.org/

The Swedish NGO Secretariat on Acid Rain News Acid News Acidification Climate change ... About pdf files Member of the Swedish EnviroNet: s="na";c="na";j="na";f=""+escape(document.referrer) Welcome to the Swedish NGO Secretariat on Acid Rain The Secretariat is a joint venture between five Swedish environmental organisations with the chief purpose of promoting awareness of the problems associated with air pollution, and thus, in part as a result of public pressure, to bring about the required reduction of the emissions of air pollutants. More about the Secretariat Postal address Box 7005, 402 31 Göteborg, Sweden Tel. +46-31-711 45 15. Fax +46-31-711 46 20. E-mail: info@acidrain.org STAFF Christer Ågren: cagren@acidrain.org Reinhold Pape: rpape@acidrain.org Per Elvingson: pelvingson@acidrain.org We welcome your views, please contact us at info@acidrain.org

4. Acid Rain Data And ReportsOn-line Data And Reports On Acid Rain, Atmospheric Dep Research trends in acidic deposition, acidic precipitation, and marinefog chemistry. Also includes FAQs and links to related resources. http://bqs.usgs.gov/acidrain

On-line data and reports on acid rain, atmospheric deposition and precipitation chemistry. The USGS is the lead federal agency for the monitoring of wet atmospheric deposition (chemical constituents deposited from the atmosphere via rain, sleet and snow) in the United States. The USGS atmospheric deposition program provides: 1) participation and leadership in the National Atmospheric Deposition Program , National Trends Network ( NADP/NTN 2) scientific research and assessment to evaluate the effects of atmospheric deposition on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Retrieve data from the NADP/NTN View and download U.S. maps of atmospheric deposition The NADP/NTN The National Atmospheric Deposition Program monitors wet atmospheric deposition at 250 National Trends Network sites throughout the United States. The USGS supports 74 of the roughly 250 active NADP/NTN sites. A fundamental NADP program objective is to provide scientific investigators world-wide with a long-term, high-quality database of atmospheric deposition for research support in the areas of air quality, water quality, agricultural effects, forest productivity, materials effects, ecosystem studies, watershed studies and human health. If you cannot fully access the information linked from this page, please contact

5. EPA's Clean Air Markets - Acid Rain Program About EPA efforts reduce electric utilities' emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, the Category Science Environment Air Quality Acid Deposition...... acid rain Program. Laws Regulations. Guidance and Fact Sheets AffectedSources and Locations; acid rain Permits; acid rain Program Policy Manual; http://www.epa.gov/airmarkets/arp/

Clean Air Markets - Programs and Regulations Recent Additions Contact Us Print Version Search: EPA Home Clean Air Markets Programs and Regulations Acid Rain Program ... US - Canada Acid Rain Program The overall goal of the Acid Rain Program is to achieve significant environmental and public health benefits through reductions in emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx), the primary causes of acid rain . To achieve this goal at the lowest cost to society, the program employs both traditional and innovative, market-based approaches for controlling air pollution. In addition, the program encourages energy efficiency and pollution prevention. Goals Program Overview Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) Reduction Program Guidance and Fact Sheets Affected Sources and Locations Acid Rain Permits Acid Rain Program Policy Manual Emissions Monitoring ... Applicability Determinations legal decisions on how the regulations apply Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) Allowances Clearing The Air: The Truth About Capping and Trading Emissions Allowances Fact Sheet SO2 Allowance Data Allowance Allocations ... Program Forms Related Information Information about acid rain Emissions Data Compliance Reports Includes lists of affected sources in each year and the number of allowances banked from each year to the next Response of Surface Water Chemistry to the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 CAM Update Forms Workshops ... Contact Us

6. Acid Rain SEA Project Student's fun and informative site about acid rain, in North Carolina and in general. http://acidrain.8k.com

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7. Acid Deposition And Precipitation A general overview of acid rain and deposition, its causes and effects. The consequences of acid rain Category Science Environment Air Quality Acid Deposition...... However, the term acid rain was not coined until two centuries laterwhen Angus Smith published a book called 'acid rain' in 1872. http://royal.okanagan.bc.ca/mpidwirn/atmosphereandclimate/acidprecip.html

8. What Is Acid Rain And What Causes It? A discussion of the causes and effects of acid rain, and possible policy solutions.Category Science Environment Air Quality Acid Deposition...... What is acid rain and What Causes It? acid rain is a broad term usedto describe several ways that acids fall out of the atmosphere. http://www.policyalmanac.org/environment/archive/acid_rain.shtml

Almanac of Policy Issues Home Search Archive Adapted from "Acid Rain", Environmental Protection Agency August 6th, 2002 What is Acid Rain and What Causes It? "Acid rain" is a broad term used to describe several ways that acids fall out of the atmosphere. A more precise term is acid deposition, which has two parts: wet and dry. Wet deposition refers to acidic rain, fog, and snow. As this acidic water flows over and through the ground, it affects a variety of plants and animals. The strength of the effects depend on many factors, including how acidic the water is, the chemistry and buffering capacity of the soils involved, and the types of fish, trees, and other living things that rely on the water. Dry deposition refers to acidic gases and particles. About half of the acidity in the atmosphere falls back to earth through dry deposition. The wind blows these acidic particles and gases onto buildings, cars, homes, and trees. Dry deposited gases and particles can also be washed from trees and other surfaces by rainstorms. When that happens, the runoff water adds those acids to the acid rain, making the combination more acidic than the falling rain alone. Prevailing winds blow the compounds that cause both wet and dry acid deposition across state and national borders, and sometimes over hundreds of miles. Scientists discovered, and have confirmed, that sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) are the primary causes of acid rain. In the US, About 2/3 of all SO2 and 1/4 of all NOx comes from electric power generation that relies on burning fossil fuels like coal.

9. The Green Lane: Acid Rain Facts, news, children's resources, and links from Environment Canada. http://www.ec.gc.ca/acidrain/index.html

acid rain and... what's being done what's new kids' corner ... Canada Site The Green Lane TM , Environment Canada's World Wide Web site

10. The Green Lane: Acid Rain Facts, news, children's resources, and links from Environment Canada.Category Science Environment Air Quality Acid Deposition...... http://www.ec.gc.ca/acidrain/

acid rain and... what's being done what's new kids' corner ... Canada Site The Green Lane TM , Environment Canada's World Wide Web site

11. USGS -- Water Resources Of The United States Home page for water resources information from the U.S. Geological Survey. Topics include ground water, surface water, water use, water quality, acid rain, toxic substances hydrology. http://water.usgs.gov/

Water Resources of the United States News Current Flood and High Water Flow Conditions Around the Nation Toxic Substances Hydrology Program report named as one of the Top 100 Science Stories of the Year by Discover Magazine. Drought Watch USGS State Information on Drought Streamflow Maps Daily Monthly Features Ground Water And Surface Water A Single Resource - As the Nation's concerns over water resources and the environment increase, the importance of considering ground water and surface water as a single resource has become increasingly evident. 22 Mar 19:14:11 EST 2003 Click on a major heading to see more links! Water Data GIS Water Quality Water Use ... National Streamflow Information Program NSIP National Water Quality Assessment Program NAWQA Toxic Substances Hydrology (Toxics) Program Ground Water Resources Program State Water Resources Research Institute Program National Research Program ... Additional Programs there are many! Local Information USGS Contacts in Your State! Science in Your Watershed ... U.S. Geological Survey Maintainer: Water Webserver Team Last update: 15:26:03 Fri 21 Mar 2003 Privacy Statement Accessibility URL: http://water.usgs.gov/

12. Broken Link The acid rain Web site, including information about acid rain, the acid rain Program, and NOx trading programs, has http://www.epa.gov/acidrain

We've moved! The Acid Rain Web site, including information about acid rain, the Acid Rain Program, and NOx trading programs, has moved to: http://www.epa.gov/airmarkets/ The addresses for some of the more popular areas of the site are listed below: Name New Address General information about acid rain, including causes, effects, and efforts to correct it http://www.epa.gov/airmarkets/acidrain/ Acid Rain Student Sourcebook No longer exists in this form; see the acid rain section home page ( http://www.epa.gov/airmarkets/acidrain/ Acid Rain Program http://www.epa.gov/airmarkets/arp/ Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) trading programs http://www.epa.gov/airmarkets/progsregs/noxview.html SO2 and NOx Allowance Database http://www.epa.gov/airmarkets/tracking/index.html Guidance on monitoring emissions (all programs) http://www.epa.gov/airmarkets/monitoring/ Guidance on reporting quarterly emissions data (all programs) http://www.epa.gov/airmarkets/reporting/ Forms for all programs http://www.epa.gov/airmarkets/forms/ Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides emissions data http://www.epa.gov/airmarkets/emissions/

13. The Green Lane: Acid Rain And The Facts Similar pages More results from www.ec.gc.ca acid rainacid rain. Everyone's heard of acid rain, but what do we actually know about it? http://www.ec.gc.ca/acidrain/acidfact.html

What causes acid rain? Acid rain is rain, snow or fog that is polluted by acid in the atmosphere and damages the environment. Two common air pollutants acidify rain: sulphur dioxide (SO ) and nitrogen oxide (NO X ). When these substances are released into the atmosphere, they can be carried over long distances by prevailing winds before returning to earth as acidic rain, snow, fog or dust. When the environment cannot neutralize the acid being deposited, damage occurs. What does acid mean? An acid is a substance with a sour taste that is characterized chemically by the ability to react with a base to form a salt. Acids turn blue litmus paper (also called pH paper) red. Strong acids can burn your skin. What is pH? A pH scale is used to measure the amount of acid in a liquid-like water. Because acids release hydrogen ions, the acid content of a solution is based on the concentration of hydrogen ions and is expressed as "pH." This scale is used to measure the acidity of rain samples. 0 = maximum acidity 7 = neutral point in the middle of the scale 14 = maximum alkalinity (the opposite of acidity) The smaller the number on the pH scale, the more

14. Encyclopedia Of The Atmospheric Environment Authoritative but accessible information on a wide range of atmosphererelated and environmental topics, including air quality, acid rain, global warming, ozone depletion, and weather. http://www.doc.mmu.ac.uk/aric/eae/enter.html

ENTER Best viewed with Internet Explorer at 1024 x 768 resolution. aric

15. Acid Rain acid rain. acid rain is the reason why some forests are being destoryed.Effects ontrees in Europe(****Caution large picture may take some time to loadup****) http://www.soton.ac.uk/~engenvir/environment/acid_rain/acid_rain.html

Please take part in our research by filling in the after questionnaire before you leave, thanks. Acid Rain Precipitation which has a pH value of less than 5.6, and is therefore acidic in nature. It is responsible for raising the acidity of soil and water in many parts of Europe. Acid rain is the reason why some forests are being destoryed. Effects on trees in Europe (****Caution large picture may take some time to loadup****). The main causes of acid rain are sulphur dioxide nitrogen oxides hydrogen chloride halons chlorinated solvents Tell me more about this acid rain This page was produced by Brett Cherrington for the Database for Use in Schools project. All views expressed in this page and all others for this project are the views of the author and not necessarily that of Southampton University. Last update 28.11.95 View This Page in Black on Grey

16. EPA Air & Radiation Deals with issues that affect the quality of our air. OAR develops national programs, technical policies, and regulations for air pollution control. Areas of concern to OAR include indoor and outdoor air quality, stationary and mobile sources of air pollution, radon, radiation protection, acid rain, stratospheric ozone depletion, and pollution prevention. http://www.epa.gov/oar/

Recent Additions Contact Us Print Version Search: EPA Home Where You Live Indoor Air Transportation/Fuels ... Green Vehicles Air pollution, clean air, and air quality information is provided by the U.S. EPA's Office of Air and Radiation (OAR). OAR develops national programs, technical policies, and regulations for controlling air pollution and radiation exposure. OAR is concerned with pollution prevention, indoor and outdoor air quality, industrial air pollution, pollution from vehicles and engines, radon, acid rain, stratospheric ozone depletion, and radiation protection. United States Settles Clean Air Act Case Against Toyota Toyota will convert school buses to run cleaner. The settlement will be published in the Federal Register for 30 days for public comment, and must be approved by the Court. Learn more. New Source Review Rule Hearings Set On March 31, 2003, EPA will hold five public hearings on the rule it proposed in December 2002 related to routine maintenance, repair and replacement under the New Source Review air permitting program. The public comment period for this rule extends through May 3, 2003. In addition to participating in the public hearings, comments may be submitted to EPA electronically, by mail, by facsimile, by phone, or through hand delivery/courier.

17. EFFECTS OF ACID RAIN ON AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS Short primer, from University of Toronto. http://www.scar.utoronto.ca/~weather/maryp/Effects/fish.html

EFFECTS OF ACID RAIN ON AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS A lake is the landscape's most beautiful and expressive feature. It is earth's eye: looking into which the beholder measures the depth of his own nature. Henry David Thoreau The most dramatic reports of acid rain damages in the early 70s, were those of Ontario lakes having irreversible fish losses. Dead fish were washing up along the beaches, and the term "wet desert" was being used to describe the clear, blue, fishless lakes. Ontario now has over 100 fishless acidified lakes. Species such as lake trout (see top) , wall-eye, burbot and smallmouth bass have disappeared from most of these lakes. Starting in 1981, 202 lakes were monitored in Ontario, Quebec and the Atlantic Provinces, and in 1994, 33% showed some improvement in acidity while 11% were worse. The remaining 56% had stable acidity levels. Ontario lakes are especially sensitive to acid rain because of the hard bedrock of the Canadian Shield (an ancient sheet of Precambrian granite) and the poor soil cover which has poor buffering ability. It was first believed that the fish deaths were caused by the acids themselves, however, research has since shown that the high levels of aluminum (a toxic heavy metal) that were leached from the soil, was the real cause of the deaths. Aluminum can be acutely toxic to fish at pH levels that are not normally considered toxic to humans. A concentration as low as 6.2mg/L is known to kill fish.

18. Acid Rain What causes acid rain? acid rain is rain, snow or fog that is polluted by acid in the atmosphere and damages the http://www.soton.ac.uk/~engenvir/environment/air/acid.home.html

Acid Rain Everyone's heard of acid rain, but what do we actually know about it? What is this acid rain stuff anyway? Where does it come from? What's all the fuss about? How big a problem is it? ... Return to Air Pollution page This page was produced by Mark Bennett for the Database for Use in Schools project. All views expressed in this page and all others for this project are the views of the author and not necessarily that of Southampton University. Last update 17/1/96 View This Page in Black on Grey

19. National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) The US National Atmospheric Deposition Program operates an acid rain observing network that is used Category Science Environment Air Quality Acid Deposition......Spring 2003 NADP Interim Subcommittee Meeting March 25-26, 2003 NewOrleans, Louisiana. NADP Networks. NADP/NTN National Trends Network. http://nadp.sws.uiuc.edu/

History and Overview Data Access Collaborating Agencies Isopleth Maps ... Sub-committee Meeting March 25-26, 2003 New Orleans, Louisiana Fall 2003 NADP Technical Meeting and Ammonia Workshop October 20-24, 2003 Washington, DC NADP Networks NADP/NTN: National Trends Network NADP/AIRMoN: Atmospheric Integrated Research Monitoring Network NADP/MDN: Mercury Deposition Network The NADP Program Office is located at the Illinois State Water Survey in Champaign, IL and is one of five scientific units at the Water Survey. The Water Survey is an affiliated agency of the University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign and a Division of the Illinois Department of Natural Resources Your Comments and Suggestions are always welcome!

20. Acid Rain Data And Reports link to www.usgs.gov. Online data and reports on acid rain, atmospheric depositionand precipitation chemistry. acid rain - Are the problems solved? http://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ACID_RAIN

On-line data and reports on acid rain, atmospheric deposition and precipitation chemistry. The USGS is the lead federal agency for the monitoring of wet atmospheric deposition (chemical constituents deposited from the atmosphere via rain, sleet and snow) in the United States. The USGS atmospheric deposition program provides: 1) participation and leadership in the National Atmospheric Deposition Program , National Trends Network ( NADP/NTN 2) scientific research and assessment to evaluate the effects of atmospheric deposition on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Retrieve data from the NADP/NTN View and download U.S. maps of atmospheric deposition The NADP/NTN The National Atmospheric Deposition Program monitors wet atmospheric deposition at 250 National Trends Network sites throughout the United States. The USGS supports 74 of the roughly 250 active NADP/NTN sites. A fundamental NADP program objective is to provide scientific investigators world-wide with a long-term, high-quality database of atmospheric deposition for research support in the areas of air quality, water quality, agricultural effects, forest productivity, materials effects, ecosystem studies, watershed studies and human health. If you cannot fully access the information linked from this page, please contact

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