1. Pantheism Access a discussion regarding the characterization and defense of pantheism by Michael Levine, author of several related works. 2. 2002. pantheism. pantheism is a metaphysical and religious position. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/pantheism

version history HOW TO CITE THIS ENTRY Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy A B C D ... Z content revised DEC Pantheism The book recognized as containing the most complete attempt at explaining and defending pantheism from a philosophical perspective is Spinoza's Ethics , finished in 1675 two years before his death. In 1720 John Toland wrote the Pantheisticon: or The Form of Celebrating the Socratic-Society in Latin. He (possibly) coined the term "pantheist" and used it as a synonym for "Spinozist." However, aside from some interesting pantheistic sounding slogans (like "Every Thing is to All, as All is to Every Thing"), and despite promising "A short Dissertation upon a Two-fold philosophy of the Pantheists" Toland's work has little to do with pantheism. Pantheism and Atheism Is Pantheism Atheistic? Unity Misunderstandings ... Related Entries Pantheism and Theism Where pantheism is considered as an alternative Not all of the problems generated by the theistic notion of God are also problems for pantheism. But given a suitable reformulation, some of them will be. And, as expected, pantheism will also generate some difficulties peculiar to itself. Thus, although evil and creation do not present identical problems for pantheism and the theism, and may even be inherent to theism; it may also be possible to reformulate them in a way that makes them applicable to pantheism. There may be pantheistic counterparts to the problem of evil and other classical theistic problems, and perhaps they can be resolved by pantheism.

2. PANTHEISM: The World Pantheist Movement The WPM is a membership organization dedicated to the promotion of natural/scientific pantheism, revering the Universe, caring for Nature, and celebrating life. http://www.pantheism.net/

NEW: Free Pantheism Intro List Join our Save Rainforest group WPM's nature actions WPM's wildlife habitat scheme ... Site Map BELIEFS WPM belief statement Sci-pan site FAQS WPM in a Nutshell Why organize? Your concerns answered What does the WPM ... Pantheism FAQS CHECK US OUT Read our magazine Members' voices Visit our free Web forum Our galleries: ... art, photography, PARTICIPATE Join the WPM Free lists Where members are Get regular WPM updates HELP OUT Tell a friend Get a banner link Help promote the WPM Help in other ways ... Free ways to raise funds ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION Receive our Environmental Action Alerts Join our Save Rainforest group Sign UNESCO's Manifesto for Peace and Non-Violence Endorse the Earth Charter ORGANIZATION Directors PRACTICE Calendar Almanac Ethics Seasonal Celebration ... Death and Funerals NEWS environment News about the WPM Bookshop Links Contact us: info@pantheism.net god is not the voice in the whirlwind god is the whirlwind Margaret Atwood Is Nature your spiritual home?

3. CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pantheism Explanation of Catholic opposition to pantheism. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11447b.htm

Home Encyclopedia Summa Fathers ... P > Pantheism A B C D ... Z Pantheism (From Greek pan , all; theos , god). The view according to which God and the world are one. The name pantheist was introduced by John Toland (1670-1722) in his "Socinianism truly Stated" (1705), while pantheism was first used by his opponent Fay in "Defensio Religionis" (1709). Toland published his "Pantheisticon" in 1732. The doctrine itself goes back to the early Indian philosophy; it appears during the course of history in a great variety of forms, and it enters into or draws support from so many other systems that, as Professor Flint says ("Antitheistic Theories", 334), "there is probably no pure pantheism". Taken in the strictest sense, i.e. as identifying God and the world, Pantheism is simply Atheism . In any of its forms it involves Monism (q.v.), but the latter is not necessarily pantheistic. Emanationism (q.v.) may easily take on a pantheistic meaning and as pointed out in the Encyclical, "Pascendi dominici gregis" the same is true of the modern doctrine of immanence (q.v.). VARIETIES These agree in the fundamental doctrine that beneath the apparent diversity and multiplicity of things in the universe there is one only being absolutely necessary, eternal, and infinite. Two questions then arise: What is the nature of this being? How are the manifold appearances to be explained? The principal answers are incorporated in such different earlier systems as Brahminism, Stoicism, Neo-Platonism, and Gnosticism, and in the later systems of Scotus Eriugena and Giordano Bruno (qq.v.).

4. Pantheist.Net - Universal Pantheist Society Pantheist.Net an online home for Pantheists, Panentheists and Cosmotheists. Pantheist.Net was founded to provide a coalition, bringing groups dedicated to Pantheist lifeways and philosophy together with individuals practicing or exploring pantheism. http://www.pantheist.net/

We seek renewed reverence for the Earth and a vision of Nature as the ultimate context for human existence. Embrace Universal Pantheism! Welcome to Pantheist.Net! The Internet home of the Universal Pantheist Society Pantheist.Net is is the online home of the Universal Pantheist Society, an organization which since 1975 has provided a network for Pantheists. In Universal Pantheism, there is no creed or requirements to follow any particular belief or practices; rather we seek to provide ways for individuals to promote their own spiritual growth and understanding. Our goal is to provide Pantheism with a unified worldwide presence bringing Pantheists of all varieties together to share in our commonality while providing a continually growing source of information. What is Pantheism? Pantheism holds that the cosmos, taken or conceived of as a whole, is synonymous with the theological principle of God. The Cosmos is divine, and the earth sacred. The Cosmos is divine, all share divinity. Divinity does not transcend reality it surrounds us, and is within.

5. Pantheism A Religion For All Read about Albert Einstein's pantheistic leanings, find essays on scientific pantheism, and leave a comment on the message board. http://www.geocities.com/HotSprings/6072/pantheism.html

What I cannot understand is how there could possibly be a God who would reward or punish his subjects or who could induce us to develop our will in our daily life. I cannot then believe in this concept of an anthropomorphic God who has the powers of interfering with these natural laws. [The Private Albert Einstein] Last updated on 8/16/97 many more links email Mike Trobee Pantheism A religion for all Writings of Pantheism Einstein's Pantheism Questions You May Have Pantheism Defined ... View Our Guestbook Are you a Pantheist? 1. Are you Inspired by the beauty of the universe? 2. Do you believe in a God who reveals himself in the orderly harmony of what exists, not in a God who concerns himself with the fates and actions of human beings. 3. Do you believe in logic? 4. Do you believe in nature rather than faith and hope? 5. Do you believe that all ( literally everything) is a part of God. 6. Do you have strong morals and seek to do good. 7. Do you believe that humans are part of Nature, rather than set above it? 8. When you are in the midst of nature, in a forest, by the sea, on a mountain peak do you ever feel a sense of the sacred, like the feeling of being in a vast cathedral?

6. Pantheism pantheism is the belief that everything is god, and that god is everything. http://www3.sympatico.ca/harrytm/pantheism.html

Home E-Mail "I wish there was one person in my life I could show. One instinctive, absolutely unbrisk person I could take to Greece, and stand in front of certain shrines and sacred streams and say, 'Look! Life is only comprehensive through a thousand local gods. And not just the old dead ones with names like Zeus - no, but living Geniuses of Place and Person! And not just Greece but modern England! Spirits of certain trees, certain curves of brick wall, certain chip shops, if you like, and slate roofs - just as of certain frowns in people and slouches' ...I'd say to them - 'Worship as many gods as you can see - and more will appear!' ...If I had a son, I bet you he'd come out exactly like his mother. Utterly worshipless." - from Equus by Peter Shaffer, 1973 (Act 1:18) For all that lives is holy. - William Blake Pantheism is the belief that everything is god, and that god is everything. I have trouble explaining this clearly to people, especially in writing. One friend thinks I worship stones - and I do, but not in the sense that implies. Another friend described me as worshipping Pan, and that isn't the point either. It's a misleading pun. Let me try to explain.... The true essence of divinity is ineffable - which means it can't be explained in words. All religions have this situation, and they overcome it by using words and ideas to get as close as they can to the meanings they intend. No one can describe the indescribable, not even mystics and seers. But they try.

7. PANTHEISM: Nature, Universe, Science And Religion The Universe is divine and Nature is sacred. The history, theory and practice of pantheism.Category Society Religion and Spirituality pantheism......pantheism. Sacred Nature. pantheism. Natural pantheism cover2140.jpg (7510bytes) a spiritual approach to nature and the cosmos. by Paul Harrison. http://members.aol.com/Heraklit1/

PANTHEISM Natural Pantheism: a spiritual approach to nature and the cosmos. by Paul Harrison. Revering the Universe, caring for Nature, celebrating life A religion old or new, that stressed the magnificence of the universe as revealed by modern science, might be able to draw forth reserves of reverence and awe hardly tapped by the conventional faiths. Sooner or later, such a religion will emerge. Carl Sagan, Pale Blue Dot Join our Save Rainforest group at Ecology Fund Are You a Pantheist? When you look at the night sky or at the images of the Hubble Space Telescope, are you filled with feelings of awe and wonder at the overwhelming beauty and power of the universe? When you are in the midst of nature, in a forest, by the sea, on a mountain peak - do you ever feel a sense of the sacred, like the feeling of being in a vast cathedral? Do you believe that humans should be a part of Nature, rather than set above it? If you can answer yes to all of these questions, then you have pantheistic leanings. Are you sceptical about a God other than Nature and the Universe?

8. Are You A Pantheist? by Bernt Rostrum http://www.geocities.com/RainForest/5110/

Are You a Pantheist? by Bernt Rostrom (C) April 02, 2002. Sometimes people ascribe me to still be a pantheist. Isn't this naturalism still a version of pantheism? Most likely Natural and Scientific Pantheism. this text is mirrored here http://humanists.net/bernt_rostrom/pantheis.htm My personal Naturalism is an interpretation within naturalism and I do see Natural and Scientific Pantheism as a viable interpretation of naturalism. So that is why its easy to see many similarities. Both are monistic and revering towards the Universe and see our sacred earth as worthy of our thankful rejoyce and celebration. But while Personal Naturalism relates to Life itself as a personified identity within us this then is not pantheistic, they see the Universe as impersonal. So to answer questions like "Are You a Pantheist?" I say: No, I am a Personal Naturalist. What is Natural and Scientific Pantheism then? A Personal Naturalist's view on Natural and Scientific Pantheism "We revere and celebrate the Universe as the totality of being, past, present and future. It is self-organizing, ever-evolving

9. Pantheism A description of pantheism, and some common forms.Category Society Religion and Spirituality pantheism......pantheism. pantheism is the philosophy that everything is God (pan= everything theos= God ) or that the universe and nature are divine. http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/PANTHEISM.html

Pantheism Pantheism is the philosophy that everything is God (pan="everything" theos="God") or that the universe and nature are divine Pantheism is distinguished from panentheism, which holds that God is in everything, but also transcends the Universe. Strict pantheism is not a theism. It does not believe in a transcendent or personal God who is the creator of the universe and the judge of humans. Many pantheists feel the word "God" is too loaded with these connotations and never use the word in their own practice - though they may use it to simplify, or to explain things to theists. Pantheism has often been accused of atheism , and not just because it rejects the idea of a personal creator God. Strict or naturalistic pantheism believes that the Universe either originated itself out of nothing, or has existed forever. Modern scientific pantheism is materialistic. It believes that design in the universe can be fully accounted for by principles of evolution and self-organization . It does not believe in separate spirits or survival of the soul after death. Pantheists concerned about personal immortality seek it in realistic ways - through children, deeds, works, and the memories of the living.

10. Pantheism: FAQs On Pantheism, Panentheism, Paganism Etc. Addresses many of the common questions concerning pantheism. Learn about its central beliefs and about its implications for morality. What is the central belief of pantheism? Why do pantheists believe in pantheism? http://members.aol.com/Heraklit1/faqs.htm

Member of GSAnet Banner Swap Frequently Asked Questions about Pantheism by Paul Harrison This page deals with some FAQs and misapprehensions about pantheism and answers some of the most common criticisms. You can print out this page from your browser [File/Print] or save it [File/Save As/(name).txt] CONTENTS. What is the central belief of pantheism? Why do pantheists believe in pantheism? What's the evidence for pantheism? How do you know the universe is divine? If I accept pantheism, what difference would it make? Is pantheism just theism in disguise? Is Pantheism just atheism or humanism in disguise? What is the difference between pantheism and panentheism? Does pantheism have anything to do with pantheon or polytheism? What is the relationship between paganism and pantheism? Has pantheism got anything to do with animism? Does pantheism believe that all things are one? Does pantheism believe that humans are one with nature and the cosmos? If God is everything, then surely all actions are God's actions, and there is no distinction between good and evil? Does pantheism believe that everything is predetermined and there is no free will?

11. AN INTRODUCTION TO PANTHEISM A guide to the basic tenets of pantheism.Category Society Religion and Spirituality pantheism......AN INTRODUCTION TO pantheism. by Jan Garrett. Contents The Question of DivineProvidence. For Further Information about pantheism. What is pantheism? http://www.wku.edu/~garreje/panthesm.htm

AN INTRODUCTION TO PANTHEISM by Jan Garrett Contents What is Pantheism? Pantheism and Western Monotheism Differences With Western Monotheism Pantheism and Personal Divinity ... For Further Information about Pantheism What is pantheism? Pantheism is the view that the natural universe is divine, the proper object of reverence; or the view that the natural universe is pervaded with divinity. Negatively, it is the idea that we do not need to look beyond the universe for the proper object of ultimate respect. Paul Harrison writes, When we say that the cosmos is divine, we mean it with just as much conviction and emotion as believers say that their god is God. But we are not making a metaphysical statement that is beyond proof or disproof. We are making an ethical statement that means no more, and no less, than this: We should relate to the universe in the same way as believers in God relate to God. That is, with humility, awe, reverence, celebration and the search for deeper understanding. ("Divine Cosmos, Sacred Earth," from Harrison's Scientific Pantheism website.) One of the chief clues to understanding modern pantheism is its consistent refusal to engage in anthropomorphism. "Anthropomorphism" here means the practice of attributing familiar human qualities to objects outside us when there is no good evidence that they have such qualities.

12. A Northern Pantheism: Notes On The Confederation Poets And Contemporary Mythogra A critical essay by Maia Bhojwani. http://www.arts.uwo.ca/canpoetry/cpjrn/vol09/bhojwani.htm

A Northern Pantheism: Notes on the Confederation Poets and Contemporary Mythographers by Maia Bhojwani Among the Millet and published in The Week Essays in Criticism (Series I) The Dread Voyage and Other Poems Lyrics of Earth Despite the nostalgia evident in this recreation of an archaic, Arcadian and mythic past, A rationalistic approach to nature tempers their treatment of mythological subjects and differentiates them from writers as committed to the use of myth as Isabella Valancy Crawford. Yet the major influences upon their work, which include the Romantics and the American Transcendentalists, were often understood in the conventional terms of nineteenth-century interpretations of mythology and the poets led to experiment with indigenous forms of myth-making in keeping with the theories of contemporary mythographers. The implications of these ideas for the Canadian poets vary, from their obvious application to a poetic sort of nature-worship, to a more serious consideration of the direction the literature of a relatively new nation should take. I shall consider these ideas as a possible background for the patterns of imagery which occur in their studies of landscape, with special reference to Carman, Roberts, Lampman and Campbell, who matured under similar influences during the formative years, in the 1880s. Scott started writing almost a decade later (just as Crawford began a decade earlier) and the mythographers have little direct bearing upon his Indian experience.

13. The Library Of Scientific Pantheism "A library dedicated to Scientific pantheism and rational thought."Category Society Religion and Spirituality pantheism...... This is a Library Dedicated to Scientific pantheism and Rational thought. Theorder of pantheism I have aligned myself with is Scientific pantheism . http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/Lab/5675/

art@bvx.ca This is a Library Dedicated to Scientific Pantheism and Rational thought. Foreword by Ron Hooft. Author of the Heretic's Home Page Pantheism seems to be the natural "religion" for Heretics; if religion it can be called. It is of course, an "Ideology" older than Paganism; and its tenets have been present, in the background, since the beginning of consciousness in mankind. The order of Pantheism I have aligned myself with is "Scientific Pantheism". Not because I have been converted or felt a need to have an affiliation with a religion, but because it reflects MY beliefs. This is MY ideology. Some one was just kind enough to name it for me. Thanks Paul :) Most of its members feel the same way and that is its great appeal. Knowing there are people of like mind out there, is good feeling. Among our numbers are Scientists, Heretics, Pagans, Wicca, Buddhists, Taoists, Atheists, Naturalists, Unitarians, and even Ex-Catholics and Ex-Jews. Are you a "Scientific Pantheist" Find out by visiting these sites: The pages inside contain the thoughts, the art, and the literature of Scientific Pantheists. I Call it the "Think Tank" because I hope we can overcome our former religious pasts, and find some real answers to the questions at hand, through the search for knowledge.

14. Definition Of Pantheism A critique of pantheism from a Christian perspective http://www.ourladyswarriors.org/dissent/defpanth.htm

Definition of Pantheism Pantheism (From Greek pan , all; theos , god). The view according to which God and the world are one. The name pantheist was introduced by John Toland (1670-1722) in his "Socinianism truly Stated" (1705), while pantheism was first used by his opponent Fay in "Defensio Religionis" (1709). Toland published his "Pantheisticon" in 1732. The doctrine itself goes back to the early Indian philosophy; it appears during the course of history in a great variety of forms, and it enters into or draws support from so many other systems that, as Professor Flint says ("Antitheistic Theories", 334), "there is probably no pure pantheism". Taken in the strictest sense, i.e. as identifying God and the world, Pantheism is simply Atheism. In any of its forms it involves Monism (q.v.), but the latter is not necessarily pantheistic. Emanationism (q.v.) may easily take on a pantheistic meaning and as pointed out in the Encyclical, "Pascendi dominici gregis" the same is true of the modern doctrine of immanence (q.v.). VARIETIES These agree in the fundamental doctrine that beneath the apparent diversity and multiplicity of things in the universe there is one only being absolutely necessary, eternal, and infinite. Two questions then arise: What is the nature of this being? How are the manifold appearances to be explained? The principal answers are incorporated in such different earlier systems as Brahminism, Stoicism, Neo-Platonism, and Gnosticism, and in the later systems of Scotus Eriugena and Giordano Bruno (qq.v.).

15. Mereological Ontological Arguments And Pantheism Philosophical disagreement with pantheism. Based on the Pantheist definition of God. http://www.infidels.org/library/modern/graham_oppy/panth.html

Library Modern Documents Graham Oppy : Mereological Ontological Arguments and Pantheism Mereological Ontological Arguments and Pantheism (19) Graham Oppy Mereological ontological arguments areas the name suggestsontological arguments which draw on the resources of mereology, i.e. the theory of the part-whole relation. An instance of arguments of this kind is the following: 1. I exist. (Premise, contingent a priori 2. (Hence) Somei.e. least onething exists. (From 1) 3. Whenever some things exist, there is some thing of which they are all parts. (Premise, from mereology) 4. (Hence) There is exactly one thing of which every thing is a part. (From 2, 3) 5. The unique thing of which every thing is a part is God. (Definition, pantheism) 6. (Hence) God exists. (From 4, 5) The status of premise 1 is controversial: friends of two-dimensional modal logic (and others) will be reluctant to grant that the proposition that I exist is both contingent and knowable a priori (even by me). Instead, they will insist that all that I know a priori is that the sentence "I exist" expresses some true proposition or other when I token it. But, of course, even that will suffice for the purposes of the argument. Provided that I know

16. Christian Science Versus Pantheism Pastor Mary Baker Eddy's message in opposition to pantheism.Category Society Religion and Spirituality Opposing Views pantheism......versus. pantheism. by. Printed in the United States of America. Christian Scienceversus pantheism. 1, PASTOR'S MESSAGE TO THE MOTHER CHURCH, ON THE OCCASION OF THE. http://www.mbeinstitute.org/Prose_Works/CSvsPantheism.html

Christian Science versus Pantheism by Mary Baker Eddy Pastor Emeritus of The First Church of Christ, Scientist Boston, and Author of Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures Published by the Trustees under the Will of Mary Baker G. Eddy Boston, U.S.A. By Mary Baker G. Eddy Printed in the United States of America Christian Science versus Pantheism PASTOR'S MESSAGE TO THE MOTHER CHURCH, ON THE OCCASION OF THE JUNE COMMUNION, 1898 SUBJECT: Not Pantheism, but Christian Science BELOVED brethren, since last you gathered at the feast of our Passover, the winter winds have come and gone; the rushing winds of March have shrieked and hummed their hymns; the frown and smile of April, the laugh of May, have fled; and the roseate blush of joyous June is here and ours. In unctuous unison with nature, mortals are hoping and working, putting off outgrown, wornout, or soiled gar- ments - the pleasures and pains of sensation and the sackcloth of waiting - for the springtide of Soul. For what a man seeth he hopeth not for, but hopeth for what

17. Pantheism: A History. Index Page. pantheism a history. Index page. pantheism is the perennial religion, whichcontinually emerges from all transcendental or idealist religions. http://members.aol.com/heraklit1/history.htm

Pantheism: a history. Index page. by Paul Harrison. Pantheism is the perennial religion, which continually emerges from all transcendental or idealist religions. Distribution of galaxies within one billion light years of earth. Pantheism is the belief that the universe and nature are divine. Every religion has had its pantheists. Pantheism is the perennial religion, which continually emerges from all transcendental or idealist religions. In addition people in every religion have seen God in nature, whether they formally express that identity or not. Examples include Shaftsbury, Rousseau, and many poets from Wordsworth to Robinson Jeffers. Pantheism has taken many diverse forms. Strict or scientific pantheism holds that God and the material universe are identical. Its first adherents were the Greek materialist Heraclitus, the Chinese Taoist Chuang Tzu, and the Stoic philosopher Zeno of Cittium. Later proponents have included the Christian David of Dinant, the neo-Confucian Chang Tsai, and the author of these pages, Paul Harrison. Taoism is a form of materialist pantheism, as are some types of Mahayan Buddhism. There have been many other types of pantheism. All of them identify God in some way with what is considered most fundamental in the Universe.

18. The Pantheist Credo You may also reproduce it and copy it in any form you like, provided the sourceis acknowledged World Pantheist Movement http//www.pantheism.net. http://www.pantheism.net/manifest.htm

The WPM Belief Statement Background to the credo. The WPM belief statement is not like the creed of Christianity. It is not intended to be recited by rote or read out in meetings nor is subscription to every word of the credo a requirement of joining the World Pantheist Movement or its forums. We know that people are not zombies. Everyone has a slightly different slant on the world: if they didn't, there'd be nothing to talk about, nor would ideas advance. But people associate into social and spiritual groups because they share certain beliefs, so it is best to have a good idea of what those basic beliefs are before joining a group. Basically the belief statement is intended as a reminder to our members of the central points of our beliefs, and a guide to our core beliefs for people who are thinking of joining us, so they can get a good idea of who we are. The belief statement was drawn up and agreed by a working group of fifteen people from the the original WPM e-mail list (to join the list see details at our Application Page .) The group began work at the beginning of September 1997 and finished in early December 1997. Decisions were taken on a democratic basis, and required a 75% majority.

19. Apologetics In The New Age: A Christian Critique Of Pantheism Book Review Apologetics in the New Age A Christian Critique of pantheism. http://www.csj.org/pub_csj/csjbookreview/csjbkrev92apologetics.htm

NEW! AFF? CSR Trial ... new AFF resources about psychological manipulation, cult groups, sects, and new religious movements. Cultic Studies Journal Apologetics in the New Age: A christian Critique of Pantheism Psychological Manipulation and Society Cultic Studies Journal Psychological Manipulation and Society Vol. 9, No. 2, 1992 Apologetics in the New Age: A Christian Critique of Pantheism David K. Clark and Norman L. Geisler. Baker Book House, Grand Rapids, MI, 1990, 254 pages. Reviewer: The Rev. Richard L. Dowhower The truth claims of new religious movements and psychotechnologies have been essentially ignored in public by the anti-cult movement in its initial decade and a half. Persons of varied theologies and shared goodwill aimed their counterattacks at the human-rights-violating practices of the cults. Fraud, deception, denial of informed consent, ritual abuse, involuntary servitude, economic exploitation, sexual abuse, mistreatment of children, and other forms of religious malpractice provided the focus. But in the privacy of deprogramming and exit counseling sessions, the incongruities and self-contradictions of cult truth claims played an important role in the discrediting of the groups and their gurus. Truth claims were a potent issue.

20. Star Trek Theology: Gene Roddenberry's Pantheism. Roddenberry's pantheism and religion in Star Trek. http://members.aol.com/heraklit1/startrek.htm

The real Star Trek theology: Gene Roddenberry's pantheism. A history of pantheism and scientific pantheism by Paul Harrison. Are you a pantheist? Find out now at Scientific Pantheism. I think God is as much a basic ingredient in the universe as neutrons and positrons. This is the prime force, when we look around the universe. The starship Excelsior Gene Roddenberry, the legendary creator of Star Trek, was born in El Paso, Texas, in 1921. He studied law, then switched to aeronautical engineering and trained as a pilot. In 1941 he volunteered for the US Army Air Corps, and won medals for bombing missions from Guadalcanal. After the war he became a pilot for Pan Am. After seeing television for the first time, he decided to become a TV writer, but when he found no openings, he joined the Los Angeles Police Department and rose to sergeant. He wrote TV scripts in his spare time, then went freelance. He was the chief writer for several TV series before launching Star Trek in 1966. Roddenberry became anti-religious at an early age. As a youth he attended Baptist church, but it was not till he was sixteen that he began to pay any real attention to what the sermons were saying: I remember complete astonishment because what they were talking about were things that were just crazy. It was Communion time where you eat this wafer and you are eating the body of Christ and drinking His blood. My first impression was "Jesus Christ, this is a bunch of cannibals they've put me down among . . . I guess from that time it was clear to me that religion as largely nonsense, was largely magical, superstitious things. [Alexander pp 36- 37.]

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