21. Nobel Prize Winners : Physics nobel Prize Winners in Physics. Year, Article, Country*, Achievement. 1953,zernike, frits, The Netherlands, method of phasecontrast microscopy. http://www.emsb.qc.ca/laurenhill/science/nobelph.html

Nobel Prize Winners in Physics Year Article Country* Achievement Röntgen, Wilhelm Conrad Germany discovery of X rays Lorentz, Hendrik Antoon The Netherlands investigation of the influence of magnetism on radiation Zeeman, Pieter The Netherlands investigation of the influence of magnetism on radiation Becquerel, Henri France discovery of spontaneous radioactivity Curie, Marie France investigations of radiation phenomena discovered by Becquerel Curie, Pierre France investigations of radiation phenomena discovered by Becquerel Rayleigh (of Terling Place), John William Strutt, 3rd Baron U.K. discovery of argon Lenard, Philipp Germany research on cathode rays Thomson, Sir J.J. U.K. researches into electrical conductivity of gases Michelson, A.A. U.S. spectroscopic and metrological investigations Lippmann, Gabriel France photographic reproduction of colours Braun, Ferdinand Germany development of wireless telegraphy Marconi, Guglielmo Italy development of wireless telegraphy Waals, Johannes Diederik van der The Netherlands research concerning the equation of state of gases and liquids Wien, Wilhelm

22. AldeaEducativa.com | Contenidos Y Consultas Educativas Translate this page Especiales Entidades Nacionales Presidentes Parques Nacionales EfeméridesVenezolanos Ilustres. Premios nobel de 1953. zernike, frits. http://www.aldeaeducativa.com/aldea/Nobel1e.asp?Which=1953

23. Dr.Tarek Said's Homepage-Nobel Prize Winners nobel Prize in Physics Walter Houser 1955 Lamb, Willis Eugene Kusch, Polykarp1954 Born, Max Bothe, Walther WG 1953 zernike, frits (Frederik) 1952 Bloch http://www.geocities.com/tsaid3/nobel.html

Nobel Prize Winners Literature Peace Physics Medicine ... Nationalities Nobel Prize in Literature 2001 Sir V.S. Naipaul 2000 Gao Xingjian 1997 Dario Fo 1996 WISLAWA SZYMBORSKA 1995 SEAMUS HEANEY 1994 KENZABURO OE 1993 TONI MORRISON 1992 DEREK WALCOTT 1991 NADINE GORDIMER 1990 OCTAVIO PAZ 1989 CAMILO JOSE CELA NAGUIB MAHFOUZ 1987 JOSEPH BRODSKY 1986 WOLE SOYINKA 1985 CLAUDE SIMON 1984 JAROSLAV SEIFERT 1983 SIR WILLIAM GOLDING 1982 GABRIEL GARCIA MARQUEZ 1981 ELIAS CANETTI 1980 CZESLAW MILOSZ 1979 ODYSSEUS ELYTIS ( ODYSSEUS ALEPOUDHELIS ) 1978 ISAAC BASHEVIS SINGER 1977 VICENTE ALEIXANDRE 1976 SAUL BELLOW 1975 EUGENIO MONTALE 1973 PATRICK WHITE 1972 HEINRICH BALL 1971 PABLO NERUDA 1970 ALEKSANDR ISAEVICH SOLZHENITSYN 1969 SAMUEL BECKETT 1968 YASUNARI KAWABATA 1967 MIGUEL ANGEL ASTURIAS 1965 MICHAIL ALEKSANDROVICH SHOLOKHOV 1964 JEAN-PAUL SARTRE 1963 GIORGOS SEFERIS ( GIORGOS SEFERIADIS ) 1962 JOHN STEINBECK 1961 IVO ANDRIAC 1960 SAINT-JOHN PERSE ( ALEXIS LEGER ) 1959 SALVATORE QUASIMODO 1958 BORIS LEONIDOVICH PASTERNAK 1957 ALBERT CAMUS 1956 JUAN RAMON JIMENEZ 1955 HALLDER KILJAN LAXNESS 1954 ERNEST MILLER HEMINGWAY 1953 SIR WINSTON LEONARD SPENCER CHURCHILL 1951 PER FABIAN LAGERKVIST 1950 EARL BERTRAND ARTHUR WILLIAM RUSSELL 1949 WILLIAM FAULKNER 1948 THOMAS STEARNS ELIOT 1947 ANDRE PAUL GUILLAUME GIDE 1946 HERMANN HESSE 1945 GABRIELA MISTRAL ( LUCILA GODOY Y ALCA-YAGA ) 1944 JOHANNES VILHELM JENSEN 1943-1940 Main Fund and Special Fund of this prize section.

24. NOBEL FÝZÝK ÖDÜLLERÝ Houser Brattain 1955 Willis Eugene Lamb, Polykarp Kusch 1954 Max Born, Walther Bothe1953 frits (Frederik) zernike 1952 Felix nobel FÝZÝK ÖDÜLLERÝ. http://www.geocities.com/fizikmuhendisligi/NobelFizik.html

ANA SAYFA FÝZÝK MÜHENDÝSLÝÐÝ FÝZÝKÇÝLER FÝZÝK TARÝHÝ ... E-MAÝL FORMU 2002 Raymond Davis Jr., Masatoshi Koshiba, Riccardo Giacconi 2001 Eric A. Cornell, Wolfgang Ketterle, Carl E. Wieman 2000 Zhores I. Alferov, Herbert Kroemer, Jack S. Kilby 1999 Gerardus 't Hooft, Martinus J.G. Veltman 1998 Robert B. Laughlin, Horst L. Störmer, Daniel C. Tsui 1997 Steven Chu, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, William D. Phillips 1996 David M. Lee, Douglas D. Osheroff, Robert C. Richardson 1995 Martin L. Perl, Frederick Reines 1994 Bertram N. Brockhouse, Clifford G. Shull 1993 Russell A. Hulse, Joseph H. Taylor Jr. 1992 Georges Charpak 1991 Pierre-Gilles de Gennes 1990 Jerome I. Friedman, Henry W. Kendall, Richard E. Taylor 1989 Norman F. Ramsey, Hans G. Dehmelt, Wolfgang Paul 1988 Leon M. Lederman, Melvin Schwartz, Jack Steinberger 1987 J. Georg Bednorz, K. Alexander Müller 1986 Ernst Ruska, Gerd Binnig, Heinrich Rohrer 1985 Klaus von Klitzing 1984 Carlo Rubbia, Simon van der Meer 1983 Subramanyan Chandrasekhar, William Alfred Fowler 1982 Kenneth G. Wilson 1981 Nicolaas Bloembergen, Arthur Leonard Schawlow, Kai M. Siegbahn

25. NOBEL Per La FISICA Translate this page nobel per la FISICA Solvay 1927 1901. Röentgen, Wilhelm C. (Germania). 1902. Purcell,Edward M. (USA). 1953. zernike, frits (Paesi Bassi). 1954. Born, Max (RFT). http://digilander.libero.it/andreawentura/fisica/nobel.htm

NOBEL per la FISICA Solvay 1927 Röentgen, Wilhelm C. (Germania) Lorentz, Hendrik A. (Paesi Bassi) Zeeman, Pieter (Paesi Bassi) Curie, Pierre (Francia) Curie, Marie (Francia) Becquerel, Antoine H. (Francia) Rayleigh, John W. (Gran Bretagna) Lenard, Philipp (Germania) Thomson, Joseph John (Gran Bretagna) Michelson, Albert A. (USA) Lippmann, Gabriel (Francia) Marconi, Guglielmo (Italia) Braun, Karl F. (Germania) Waals, Johannes D. van der (Paesi Bassi) Wien, Wilhelm (Germania) Dalén, Nils Gustaf (Svezia) Kamerlingh Onnes, Heike (Paesi Bassi) Laue, Max von (Germania) Bragg, William H. (Gran Bretagna) Bragg, William L. (Gran Bretagna) Non assegnato Barkla, Charles G. (Gran Bretagna) Planck, Max Karl E.L. (Germania) Stark, Johannes (Germania) Guillaume, Charles E. (Francia) Einstein, Albert (USA) Bohr, Niels Henrik D. (Danimarca) Millikan, Robert A. (USA) Siegbahn, Karl M.G. (Svezia) Franck, James (Germania) Herz, Gustav (Germania)

26. Frits (Frederik) Zernike: Awards Won By Frits (Frederik) Zernike 123Awards hardwork is paid in form of awards. Awards of frits (Frederik) zernike.OTHERnobel, 1953, PHYSICS. Enter Artist/Album. Partner Sites. Stardose.com. http://www.123awards.com/artist/5174.asp

hardwork is paid in form of awards Awards of Frits (Frederik) Zernike OTHER-NOBEL PHYSICS Enter Artist/Album Partner Sites Stardose.com RealLyrics.com OnlyHitLyrics.com Biography Search Engine ... privacy

27. HTML REDIRECT nobel Lecture Autobiography (in English) Biography (in German) Obituary from zernike,frits (Frederik), the Netherlands, b. 1888, d. 1966, Groningen University http://www.slac.stanford.edu/library/nobel.html

Redirect Redirecting to http://www.slac.stanford.edu/library/nobel

28. Pictures Gallery Of The Nobel Prize Winners In Physics Translate this page The nobel Prize in Physics. 1998. Robert B. Laughlin Horst L. Störmer DanielC. Tsui 1997. 1953. frits zernike 1952. Felix Bloch Edward Mills Purcell 1951. http://www.th.physik.uni-frankfurt.de/~jr/physpicnobel.html

29. FIZIK NOBEL ÖDÜLLERI FIZIK nobel ÖDÜLLERI. 1901. RÖNTGEN, WILHELM CONRAD. 1953. zernike,frits (FREDERIK). Hollanda, Groningen Üniversitesi, d. 1888, ö. 1966 http://www.tubitak.gov.tr/nobel/fizik-nodul.html

30. History Of Germany History Of Belgium of the Estates of Holland (statesman) and mathematician, 16251673 Zeeman, Pieter,1865-1943, winner of 1902 nobel Prize in Physics zernike, frits, 1888-1966 http://www.zum.de/whkmla/biographies/lowcountries/bioxnederland.html

31. The Nobel Prize For Physics (1901-1998) to watch the nobel Foundation web site at http//www.nobel.se. Nuclear magnetic precisionmethods Edward Mills Purcell 1953 1935 frits zernike Phasecontrast http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/Administrivia/nobel.html

[Physics FAQ] Updated October 1998 by Nathan Urban. Updated 1997,96 by PEG. Updated 1994 by SIC. Original by Scott I. Chase. The Nobel Prize for Physics (1901-1998) The following is a complete listing of Nobel Prize awards, from the first award in 1901. Prizes were not awarded in every year. The date in brackets is the approximate date of the work. The description following the names is an abbreviation of the official citation. The Physics prize is announced near the beginning of October each year. One of the quickest ways to get the announcement is to watch the Nobel Foundation web site at http://www.nobel.se

32. Ficha 2 Ficha 2 (e). Listado de PREMIOS nobel europeos*. flecha.gif (1003 bytes). GRECIA. KamerlinghOnnes, Heike (1913) zernike, frits (1953). Van der Meer, Simon (1984). http://www.euro.mineco.es/guiadidactica/guia4/FCHAU2E.htm

Ficha 2 (e) Listado de PREMIOS NOBEL europeos* GRECIA LITERATURA Seferiades, Giorgios (1963) Elitis, Odiseo (1979) HOLANDA QUÍMICA Van´t Hoff, Jacobus H. (1901) Crutzen, Paul (1995) FÍSICA Lorentz, Hendrik A. (1902) Zeeman, Pieter (1902) Waals, Johannes D. Van der (1910) Kamerlingh Onnes, Heike (1913) Zernike, Frits (1953) Van der Meer, Simon (1984) FISIOLOGÍA/MEDICINA Einthoven, Willem (1924) Eijkman, Christian (1929) Tinbergen, Nikolaas (1973) PAZ Asser, Tobias M.C. (1911) CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS Tinbergen, Jan (1969) ITALIA LITERATURA Carducci, Giosué (1906) Deledda, Grazia (1926) Pirandello, Luigi (1934) Quasimodo, Salvatore (1959) Montale, Eugenio (1975 QUÍMICA Natta, giulio (1963) FÍSICA Marconi, Guglielmo (1909) Fermi, Enrico (1938) Rubbia, Carlo (1984) FISIOLOGÍA/MEDICINA Golgi, Camillo (1906) Bovet, Daniel (1957) Levi-Montalcini, Rita (1986) PAZ Moneta, Ernesto T. (1907) IRLANDA LITERATURA Yeats, William Butler (1923) Beckett, Samuel (1969) Heaney, Seamus (1995) FÍSICA Walton, Ernst T.S. (1951) PAZ MacBride, Sean (1974) Corrigan, Mairead (1976) Williams, Betty (1976)

33. Optics8 frits zernike (18881966) was a professor at the University of zernike built a microscopebased on the principle in 1938 and received the nobel Prize in 1953 http://www.ee.umd.edu/~taylor/optics8.htm

....Optics Highlights VIII . Some Roots of Modern Optical Systems I n the 20 th Century, revolutionary advances in optics began with the construction of the first laser in 1960 and has led to the rapid development of optical communication systems, imaging systems and holography, optical data storage and retrieval systems, and optical processing. Historically, however, optical communications systems date back to the optical semaphore systems developed by Chappe in France in 1791 and which were widely used in England and the United States during the 19 th Claude Chappe (1763 - 1805) was the grandson of a French baron and was raised for the church. He lost his religious sinecures as a result of the Revolution and along with his four (also now unemployed) brothers turned to working on a mechanical semaphore system for telegraphy. They obtained the support of the Revolutionary Convention and in 1794, after several design changes, succeeded, despite the violence of the Revolution, in establishing a chain of fifteen tower stations linking Paris and Lille, 120 miles to the north. France established a national system which was finally replaced by the electric telegraph beginning in 1846. In 1804, Claude Chappe, depressed by illness and by mounting claims of plagiarism (after all, the military had used semaphore systems) threw himself down the well at his hotel.

34. Premios Nobel De La Física Translate this page PREMIOS nobel DE LA FÍSICA SIGLO XX 1901 Wilhelm Rontgen. 1925 James Franck.Gustav Hertz. 1928 Owen Richardson. 1953 frits zernike. 1978 Peter Kapitza. http://rsta.pucmm.edu.do/ciencias/fisica/nobel/premios_nobel_de_la_física.htm

PREMIOS NOBEL DE LA FÍSICA SIGLO XX Wilhelm Rontgen James Franck Gustav Hertz Cecil Powell ... Martinus J.G. Veltman Alfred Nóbel Premios Nóbel de Física Siglo XX Premios Nóbel de Física Siglo XXI

35. The Nobel Prize For Physics (1901-1996) The following is a complete listing of nobel Prize awards, from the Nuclear magneticprecision methods Edward Mills Purcell 1953 frits zernike Phasecontrast http://physics.hallym.ac.kr/education/faq/nobel.html

[Physics FAQ] updated 9-OCT-1996 by PEG updated 12-OCT-1994 by SIC original by Scott I. Chase The Nobel Prize for Physics (1901-1996) The following is a complete listing of Nobel Prize awards, from the first award in 1901. Prizes were not awarded in every year. The description following the names is an abbreviation of the official citation.

36. Nobel Laureates In Physics 1901 - 1996 more complex searches, use the search page of the nobel Foundation zernike, frits(Frederik), the Netherlands, b. 1888, d. 1966, Groningen University, for his http://physics.hallym.ac.kr/reference/nobel/nobel-ph.html

Origin Nobel Laureates in Physics 1901 - 1996 REVISED: Oct. 22, 1996 This page is a service of the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Library . It contains a list in reverse chronological order of the award winners with brief biographical information and a description of the discovery taken from the Nobel Foundation's text describing each Laureate's discovery and other sources. Additional information, corrections and comments are welcome If your browser does not support keyword searching within a document, or if you wish to perform more complex searches, use the search page of the Nobel Foundation. The Center for the History of Physics of the American Institute of Physics provides a rich supplemental resource for this subject. Credits Explanation of institutional affiliations: CA AA WA Browse: Physics 1996 The prize was awarded jointly to: Lee, David M., U.S.A., b. 1931, CA: Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, AA: Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, WA: Cornell University, Ithaca, NY Cornell University press release and Osheroff, Douglas D.,

37. The Nobel Prize For Physics (1901-1997) to watch the nobel Foundation web site at http//www.nobel.se Nuclear magnetic precisionmethods Edward Mills Purcell 1953 1935 frits zernike Phasecontrast http://www.weburbia.demon.co.uk/physics/nobel.html

38. So Biografias: Nobel Fisica 3 Translate this page Lista dos Ganhadores dos Prêmio nobel de Física (continuação)* 1953 frits(FREDERIK) zernike Desenvolvimento da microscopia de contraste de fase. http://www.sobiografias.hpg.ig.com.br/RolNobF3.html

Lista dos Ganhadores dos Dois ganhadores: SIR JOHN DOUGLAS COCKCROFT ERNEST THOMAS SINTON WALTON Dois ganhadores: FELIX BLOCH EDWARD MILLS PURCELL FRITS (FREDERIK) ZERNIKE Desenvolvimento da microscopia de contraste de fase. Dois ganhadores: MAX BORN WALTHER WILHELM GEORGE BOTHE Dois ganhadores: WILLIS EUGENE LAMB JR. POLYKARP KUSCH WILLIAM BRADFORD SHOCKLEY JOHN BARDEEN ... WALTER HOUSER BRATTAIN Dois ganhadores: CHEN NING YANG TSUNG-DAO LEE PAVEL ALEKSEYEVICH CHERENKOV IL'JA MIKHAILOVICH FRANK ... IGOR YEVGENYEVICH TAMM efeito Cherenkov Dois ganhadores: OWEN CHAMBERLAIN DONALD ARTHUR GLASER Dois ganhadores: ROBERT HOFSTADTER LEV DAVIDOVICH LANDAU EUGENE PAUL WIGNER MARIA GOEPPERT-MAYER ... MURRAY GELL-MANN quarks Dois ganhadores: DENNIS GABOR Desenvolvimento da holografia , processo de fotografia tridimensional. JOHN BARDEEN LEON NEIL COOPER JOHN ROBERT SCHRIEFFER LEO ESAKI ... BRIAN DAVID JOSEPHSON Dois ganhadores: SIR MARTIN RYLE ANTHONY HEWISH AAGE BOHR ... JAMES RAINWATER Fonte principal: Museu Nobel

39. Nobel Prize Winners In Physics, 1901-2000 nobel Prize Winners in Physics, 19012000. 1953, frits zernike, 1888-1966, for hisinvention of the phase-contrast microsope. 1954, Max Born. Walther Bothe. 1882-1970. http://empl.ksc.nasa.gov/nobelwintext.htm

Electromagnetic Physics Laboratory NASA/Kennedy Space Center Local Site Navigation: Home About Services Fundamentals ... Search Kennedy Space Center Links: KSC Home KSC Site Search FAQ's Site Survey ... Headlines Nobel Prize Winners in Physics, 1901-2000 Year Winner Lifetime Contribution Wilhelm Konrad Rontgen for the discovery of x-rays Hendrik Antoon Lorentz Pieter Zeeman for their work on the influence of magnetism on radiation. Antoine Henri Becquerel Pierre Curie Marie Sklowdowska-Curie for his discovery of radioactivity. for their joint research on nuclear radiation phenomena. Lord Rayleigh (John William Strutt) for his research on the densities of the gases and for his discovery of argon Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard for his work on cathode rays. Joseph John Thomson for his research on the conduction of electricity by gases. Albert Abraham Michelson for his optical instruments and for measuring the speed of light. Gabriel Lippmann for his method of reproducing colors photographically based on the interference techiniques.

40. Www.npac.syr.edu/textbook/kidsweb/physics/nobel.txt I. Chase The following is a complete listing of nobel Prize awards Nuclear magneticprecision methods Edward Mills Purcell 1953 frits zernike Phasecontrast http://www.npac.syr.edu/textbook/kidsweb/physics/nobel.txt

The Nobel Prize for Physics (1901-1993) updated 15-OCT-1993 by SIC - original by Scott I. Chase The following is a complete listing of Nobel Prize awards, from the first award in 1901. Prizes were not awarded in every year. The description following the names is an abbreviation of the official citation. 1901 Wilhelm Konrad Rontgen X-rays 1902 Hendrik Antoon Lorentz Magnetism in radiation phenomena Pieter Zeeman 1903 Antoine Henri Bequerel Spontaneous radioactivity Pierre Curie Marie Sklowdowska-Curie 1904 Lord Rayleigh Density of gases and (a.k.a. John William Strutt) discovery of argon 1905 Pilipp Eduard Anton von Lenard Cathode rays 1906 Joseph John Thomson Conduction of electricity by gases 1907 Albert Abraham Michelson Precision meteorological investigations 1908 Gabriel Lippman Reproducing colors photographically based on the phenomenon of interference 1909 Guglielmo Marconi Wireless telegraphy Carl Ferdinand Braun 1910 Johannes Diderik van der Waals Equation of state of fluids 1911 Wilhelm Wien Laws of radiation of heat 1912 Nils Gustaf Dalen Automatic gas flow regulators 1913 Heike Kamerlingh Onnes Matter at low temperature 1914 Max von Laue Crystal diffraction of X-rays 1915 William Henry Bragg X-ray analysis of crystal structure William Lawrence Bragg 1917 Charles Glover Barkla Characteristic X-ray spectra of elements 1918 Max Planck Energy quanta 1919 Johannes Stark Splitting of spectral lines in E fields 1920 Charles-Edouard Guillaume Anomalies in nickel steel alloys 1921 Albert Einstein Photoelectric Effect 1922 Niels Bohr Structure of atoms 1923 Robert Andrew Millikan Elementary charge of electricity 1924 Karl Manne Georg Siegbahn X-ray spectroscopy 1925 James Franck Impact of an electron upon an atom Gustav Hertz 1926 Jean Baptiste Perrin Sedimentation equilibrium 1927 Arthur Holly Compton Compton effect Charles Thomson Rees Wilson Invention of the Cloud chamber 1928 Owen Willans Richardson Thermionic phenomena, Richardson's Law 1929 Prince Louis-Victor de Broglie Wave nature of electrons 1930 Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman Scattering of light, Raman effect 1932 Werner Heisenberg Quantum Mechanics 1933 Erwin Schrodinger Atomic theory Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac 1935 James Chadwick The neutron 1936 Victor Franz Hess Cosmic rays Carl D. Anderson The positron 1937 Clinton Joseph Davisson Crystal diffraction of electrons George Paget Thomson 1938 Enrico Fermi New radioactive elements 1939 Ernest Orlando Lawrence Invention of the Cyclotron 1943 Otto Stern Proton magnetic moment 1944 Isador Isaac Rabi Magnetic resonance in atomic nuclei 1945 Wolfgang Pauli The Exclusion principle 1946 Percy Williams Bridgman Production of extremely high pressures 1947 Sir Edward Victor Appleton Physics of the upper atmosphere 1948 Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett Cosmic ray showers in cloud chambers 1949 Hideki Yukawa Prediction of Mesons 1950 Cecil Frank Powell Photographic emulsion for meson studies 1951 Sir John Douglas Cockroft Artificial acceleration of atomic Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton particles and transmutation of nuclei 1952 Felix Bloch Nuclear magnetic precision methods Edward Mills Purcell 1953 Frits Zernike Phase-contrast microscope 1954 Max Born Fundamental research in QM Walther Bothe Coincidence counters 1955 Willis Eugene Lamb Hydrogen fine structure Polykarp Kusch Electron magnetic moment 1956 William Shockley Transistors John Bardeen Walter Houser Brattain 1957 Chen Ning Yang Parity violation Tsung Dao Lee 1958 Pavel Aleksejevic Cerenkov Interpretation of the Cerenkov effect Il'ja Mickajlovic Frank Igor' Evgen'evic Tamm 1959 Emilio Gino Segre The Antiproton Owen Chamberlain 1960 Donald Arthur Glaser The Bubble Chamber 1961 Robert Hofstadter Electron scattering on nucleons Rudolf Ludwig Mossbauer Resonant absorption of photons 1962 Lev Davidovic Landau Theory of liquid helium 1963 Eugene P. Wigner Fundamental symmetry principles Maria Goeppert Mayer Nuclear shell structure J. Hans D. Jensen 1964 Charles H. Townes Maser-Laser principle Nikolai G. Basov Alexander M. Prochorov 1965 Sin-Itiro Tomonaga Quantum electrodynamics Julian Schwinger Richard P. Feynman 1966 Alfred Kastler Study of Hertzian resonance in atoms 1967 Hans Albrecht Bethe Energy production in stars 1968 Luis W. Alvarez Discovery of many particle resonances 1969 Murray Gell-Mann Quark model for particle classification 1970 Hannes Alfven Magneto-hydrodynamics in plasma physics Louis Neel Antiferromagnetism and ferromagnetism 1971 Dennis Gabor Principles of holography 1972 John Bardeen Theory of superconductivity Leon N. Cooper J. Robert Schrieffer 1973 Leo Esaki Tunneling in superconductors Ivar Giaever Brian D. Josephson Super-current through tunnel barriers 1974 Antony Hewish Discovery of pulsars Sir Martin Ryle Pioneering radioastronomy work 1975 Aage Bohr Structure of the atomic nucleus Ben Mottelson James Rainwater 1976 Burton Richter Discovery of the J/Psi particle Samual Chao Chung Ting 1977 Philip Warren Anderson Electronic structure of magnetic and Nevill Francis Mott disordered solids John Hasbrouck Van Vleck 1978 Pyotr Kapitsa Liquifaction of helium Arno A. Penzias Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation Robert W. Wilson 1979 Sheldon Glashow Electroweak Theory, especially Steven Weinberg weak neutral currents Abdus Salam 1980 James Cronin Discovery of CP violation in the Val Fitch asymmetric decay of neutral K-mesons 1981 Kai M. Seigbahn High resolution electron spectroscopy Nicolaas Bleombergen Laser spectroscopy Arthur L. Schawlow 1982 Kenneth G. Wilson Critical phenomena in phase transitions 1983 Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar Evolution of stars William A. Fowler 1984 Carlo Rubbia Discovery of W,Z Simon van der Meer Stochastic cooling for colliders 1985 Klaus von Klitzing Discovery of quantum Hall effect 1986 Gerd Binning Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Heinrich Rohrer Ernst August Friedrich Ruska Electron microscopy 1987 Georg Bednorz High-temperature superconductivity Alex K. Muller 1988 Leon Max Lederman Discovery of the muon neutrino leading Melvin Schwartz to classification of particles in Jack Steinberger families 1989 Hans Georg Dehmelt Penning Trap for charged particles Wolfgang Paul Paul Trap for charged particles Norman F. Ramsey Control of atomic transitions by the separated oscillatory fields method 1990 Jerome Isaac Friedman Deep inelastic scattering experiments Henry Way Kendall leading to the discovery of quarks Richard Edward Taylor 1991 Pierre-Gilles de Gennes Order-disorder transitions in liquid crystals and polymers 1992 Georges Charpak Multiwire Proportional Chamber 1993 Russell A. Hulse Discovery of the first binary pulsar Joseph H. Taylor and subsequent tests of GR

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