1. Eric F. Wieschaus Winner Of The 1995 Nobel Prize In Medicine eric F. wieschaus, a nobel Prize Laureate in Physiology and Medicine, at the nobelPrize Internet Archive. eric F. wieschaus. 1995 nobel Laureate in Medicine http://almaz.com/nobel/medicine/1995c.html

E RIC F W IESCHAUS 1995 Nobel Laureate in Medicine for discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development. Background Born: 1947 Residence: U.S.A. Affiliation: Princeton University, Princeton, NJ Featured Internet Links Prize co-recipient: Edward B. Lewis Prize co-recipient: Christiane Nusslein-Volhard Search WWW Search The Nobel Prize Internet Archive Nobel News Links 2 Americans, German Share Medicine Nobel Scientists Recognized for Genetic Breakthrough Links added by Nobel Internet Archive visitors Research at European Molecular Biology Laboratory Extensive background on the science behind the prize Back to The Nobel Prize Internet Archive Literature ... Medicine We always welcome your feedback and comments

2. Index Of Nobel Laureates In Medicine wieschaus, eric F. 1995. Wiesel, Torsten N. 1981. Wilkins, Maurice Hugh Frederick,1962. Yalow, Rosalyn, 1977. Zinkernagel, Rolf M. 1996. Back to The nobel Prize http://almaz.com/nobel/medicine/alpha.html

ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF NOBEL PRIZE LAUREATES IN PHYSIOLOGY AND MEDICINE Name Year Awarded Adrian, Lord Edgar Douglas Arber, Werner Axelrod, Julius Baltimore, David ... Medicine We always welcome your feedback and comments

3. Eric F. Wieschaus - Autobiography eric F. wieschaus – Autobiography. I was born in South molecularexplanation of the former. From Les Prix nobel 1995. http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/1995/wieschaus-autobio.html

I was born in South Bend, Indiana on June 8, 1947, one of that large bumper crop of babies born in the United States after World War II. My family moved to Birmingham Alabama in 1953 when I was six. Although Birmingham was already a major industrial center in the South, the city still had the small town character of most Southern cities at the time. My brother, my three sisters and I could go exploring in the woods near our house, and collect frogs, turtles and crayfish from the local streams and lake. I went to Catholic grade schools and, when I was fourteen, took a 6:45 bus every morning across the city to make it to the only Catholic high school by 8:30. Though I did well in my science and math courses, I did not see myself in a career in science. I played piano and read books, but spent most of my time painting and drawing pictures. I dreamed of becoming an artist when I grew up. In my sophomore year at Notre Dame, I needed money and found a job preparing fly food in a Drosophila laboratory run by Professor Harvey Bender. In Bender's lab, I encountered my first fruit flies and learned basic genetics. Though I liked working in a lab, genetics did not excite me as much as the embryology courses I was then taking from Kenyon Tweedel. Tweedel seemed to have a continuous supply of living embryos from a variety of different species. I will never forget the thrill of seeing cleavage and gastrulation for the first time in living frog embryos. I immediately wanted to understand why cells in particular regions of the developing embryo behaved the way they did. What were the mechanisms that made them different from each other? What forces drove such dramatic rearrangements in the cytoplasm and the shape of cells?

4. Medicine 1995 The nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1995. for development . EdwardB. Lewis, Christiane NüssleinVolhard, eric F. wieschaus. 1 http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/1995/

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1995 "for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development" Edward B. Lewis Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard Eric F. Wieschaus 1/3 of the prize 1/3 of the prize 1/3 of the prize USA Federal Republic of Germany USA California Institute of Technology Pasadena, CA, USA Max-Planck-Institut für Entwicklungsbiologie Tübingen, Federal Republic of Germany Princeton University Princeton, NJ, USA b. 1918 b. 1942 b. 1947 The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1995 Press Release Presentation Speech Illustrated Presentation ... Other Resources The 1995 Prize in: Physics Chemistry Physiology or Medicine Literature ... Economic Sciences Find a Laureate: Last modified June 16, 2000 The Official Web Site of The Nobel Foundation

5. Eric F. Wieschaus, 1995 Nobel Prize Winner In Medicine eric F. wieschaus, who today was awarded the nobel Prize in Medicine for ``discoveriesconcerning `the genetic control of early embryonic development,''' will http://www.princeton.edu/Announce/nobel.html

PRINCETON UNIVERSITY Communications and Publications Stanhope Hall Princeton, New Jersey 08544-5264 TEL 609/258-3600 FAX 609/258-1301 Oct. 9, 1995 Eric F. Wieschaus, who today was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine for ``discoveries concerning `the genetic control of early embryonic development,''' will give a press conference on the Princeton University campus in Lewis Thomas Laboratory room 003 from noon to 1:30 p.m. today. He will be introduced by Molecular Biology Department Chair Arnold Levine. Lewis Thomas Laboratory is the first left off Washington Rd. (Rt. 571) after the light on Faculty Rd. as one proceeds towards Nassau St. from Route 1. Jacquelyn Savani Press Officer

6. Announcement Of The 2000 Nobel Prizes: Fine Library, Princeton University The three researchers are being awarded the nobel Prize for discovering that wieschaus,eric F., USA, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA, b. 1947 http://www.princeton.edu/~finelib/nobel00.html

Announcement of the 2000 Nobel Prizes and the Sveriges Riksbank (Bank of Sweden) Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel Announcements week of October 9-13 Medicine and Physiology Arvid Carlsson Paul Greengard (Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Science, Rockefeller University, New York, USA)and Eric Kandel for their discoveries concerning "signal transduction in the nervous system" Source: Press release on the Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology 2000 , Karolinska Institutet Physics : with one half jointly to Zhores I. Alferov (A.F. Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia) and Herbert Kroemer (University of California at Santa Barbara, California, USA), and with the other half to Jack S. Kilby "The researchers' work has laid the foundations of modern information technology, IT, particularly through their invention of rapid transistors, laser diodes, and integrated circuits (chips)." Source: Press release on the Nobel Prize in Physics 2000 , Swedish Academy of Sciences Zhores I. Alferov

7. Wieschaus, Eric F. wieschaus, eric F. (b. June 8, 1947, South Bend, Ind., US), American developmentalbiologist who shared the 1995 nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine with http://www.britannica.com/nobel/micro/721_49.html

Wieschaus, Eric F. (b. June 8, 1947, South Bend, Ind., U.S.), American developmental biologist who shared the 1995 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine with geneticists Edward B. Lewis and Drosophila melanogaster ), a popular species for genetic experiments. Nature in 1980, generated the widely accepted model that three sets of genes control subdivision in the developing embryo: gap genes, a blueprint for general body development; pair-rule genes, which subdivide these general regions into body segments; and segment-polarity genes, which affect specific structures within these segments. Their work helped scientists to better understand congenital mutations in other animals, including humans.

8. Nobel Prize Winners For 1991-Present physiology/medicine, wieschaus, eric F. US, identification of genes that controlthe body's early structural development, 1996, chemistry, Curl, Robert F., Jr. http://www.britannica.com/nobel/1991_pres.html

Year Category Article Country* Achievement Literary Area chemistry Ernst, Richard R. Switzerland improvements in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy economic science Coase, Ronald U.S. application of economic principles to the study of law literature Gordimer, Nadine South Africa novelist peace Aung San Suu Kyi Myanmar physics Gennes, Pierre-Gilles de France discovery of general rules for behaviour of molecules physiology/medicine Neher, Erwin Germany discovery of how cells communicate, as related to diseases physiology/medicine Sakmann, Bert Germany discovery of how cells communicate, as related to diseases chemistry Marcus, Rudolph A. U.S. explanation of how electrons transfer between molecules economics Becker, Gary S. U.S. application of economic theory to social sciences literature Walcott, Derek St. Lucia poet peace Guatemala physics Charpak, Georges France inventor of detector that traces subatomic particles physiology/medicine Fischer, Edmond H. U.S. discovery of class of enzymes called protein kinases physiology/medicine Krebs, Edwin Gerhard

9. ResearchChannel: Programs Speaker eric F. wieschaus, scientist, nobel Laureate, Doctor of Science Jay A.Tischfield, chair and professor, Department of Genetics, Rutgers University. http://www.researchchannel.org/researchchannel/program/displayevent.asp?rid=1622

10. Winners Of The Nobel Prize In Medicine Or Physiology Taken from The nobel Prize Internet Archive. 2000. EDWARD B. LEWIS, CHRISTIANENÜSSLEIN-VOLHARD and eric F. wieschaus for their discoveries concerning the http://www.manbir-online.com/htm3/nobel-med-list.htm

Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology Taken from - The Nobel Prize Internet Archive The prize was awarded jointly to: A RVID C ARLSSON ... REENGARD and E RIC K ANDEL for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system. The prize was awarded to: G ÜNTER B LOBEL , for the discovery that proteins have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell. The prize was awarded jointly to: R OBERT F F ... GNARRO and F ERID M URAD for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system. S TANLEY B P ... RUSINER for his discovery of Prions - a new biological principle of infection The prize was awarded jointly to: P ETER C D ... OHERTY and R OLF M Z ... INKERNAGEL for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence. The prize was awarded jointly to: E DWARD B L ... OLHARD and E RIC F W ... IESCHAUS for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development. The prize was awarded jointly to: A LFRED G G ... ILMAN and M ARTIN R ODBELL for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells.

11. Nobel Prize In Medicine Since 1901 wieschaus, eric F. http://www.planet101.com/nobel_medi_hist.htm

Nobel Prize in Medicine since 1901 Year Prize Winners Behring, Emil Adolf Von Ross, Sir Ronald Finsen, Niels Ryberg Pavlov, Ivan Petrovich Koch, Robert Cajal, Santiago Ramon Y.; Golgi, Camillo Laveran, Charles Louis Alphonse Ehrlich, Paul; Mechnikov, Ilya Ilyich Kocher, Emil Theodor Kossel, Albrecht Gullstrand, Allvar Carrel, Alexis Richet, Charles Robert Barany, Robert Bordet, Jules Krogh, Schack August Steenberger Hill, Sir Archibald Vivian; Meyerhof, Otto Fritz; Banting, Sir Frederick Grant; Macleod, John James Richard; Einthoven, Willem; Fibiger, Johannes Andreas Grib Wagner-Jauregg, Julius Nicolle, Charles Jules Henri Eijkman, Christiaan; Hopkins, Sir Frederick Gowland Landsteiner, Karl Warburg, Otto Heinrich Adrian, Lord Edgar Douglas; Sherrington, Sir Charles Scott Morgan, Thomas Hunt Minot, George Richards; Murphy, William Parry; Whipple, George Hoyt Spemann, Hans Dale, Sir Henry Hallett; Loewi, Otto Nagyrapolt, Albert Szent-Gyorgyi Von Heymans, Corneille Jean Francois Domagk, Gerhard Dam, Henrik Carl Peter; Doisy, Edward Adelbert Erlanger, Joseph; Gasser, Herbert Spencer

12. Premios Nobel De Medicina Premios nobel de Medicina. genético de las primeras etapas del desarrollo embrionario ,Lewis, Edward B.; NussleinVolhard, Christiane; wieschaus, eric F. http://fai.unne.edu.ar/biologia/nobeles/nobelmed.htm

Premios Nobel de Medicina Tema Ganador Behring, Emil Adolf Von Ross, Sir Ronald Finsen, Niels Ryberg Pavlov, Ivan Petrovich Koch, Robert Cajal, Santiago Ramon Y.; Golgi, Camillo Laveran, Charles Louis Alphonse Ehrlich, Paul; Metchnikoff, Ilya Ilyich Kocher, Emil Theodor Kossel, Albrecht Gullstrand, Allvar Carrel, Alexis Richet, Charles Robert Barany, Robert Bordet, Jules Krogh, Schack August Steenberger Hill, Sir Archibald Vivian; Meyerhof, Otto Fritz; Banting, Sir Frederick Grant; Macleod, John James Richard; Einthoven, Willem; Fibiger, Johannes Andreas Grib Wagner-Jauregg, Julius Nicolle, Charles Jules Henri Eijkman, Christiaan; Hopkins, Sir Frederick Gowland Landsteiner, Karl Warburg, Otto Heinrich Adrian, Lord Edgar Douglas; Sherrington, Sir Charles Scott Morgan, Thomas Hunt Minot, George Richards; Murphy, William Parry; Whipple, George Hoyt Spemann, Hans Dale, Sir Henry Hallett; Loewi, Otto Nagyrapolt, Albert Szent-Gyorgyi Von Heymans, Corneille Jean Francois Domagk, Gerhard Dam, Henrik Carl Peter; Doisy, Edward Adelbert Erlanger, Joseph; Gasser, Herbert Spencer

13. Premio Nobel De Medicina - Wikipedia Translate this page Ver enlace http//www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/index.html. Zinkernagel 1995 EdwardB. Lewis, Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard, eric F. wieschaus 1994 Alfred G http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premio_Nobel/Medicina

Portada Cambios Recientes Edita esta página Historia Páginas especiales Preferencias de usuario Mi lista de seguimiento Cambio Recientes Subir una imagen Lista de imágenes Usuarios registrados Estadísticas del sitio Artículo aleatorio Artículos huérfanos Imágenes huérfanas Artículos populares Artículos más solicitados Artículos cortos Artículos largos Artículos nuevos Todas las páginas (alfabético) Direcciones IP bloqueadas Página de mantención Fuentes externas de libros Versión para imprimir Discusión Registrase/Entrar Ayuda Premio Nobel de Medicina (Redirigido desde Premio Nobel/Medicina Ver enlace: http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/index.html Leland H. Hartwell R. Timothy Hunt Paul M. Nurse ... Harold E. Varmus Sir James W. Black Gertrude B. Elion George H. Hitchings Susumu Tonegawa ... Barbara McClintock for transposon work. Sune K. Bergström Bengt I. Samuelsson John R. Vane Roger W. Sperry ... Earl W. Sutherland, Jr. Sir Bernard Katz Ulf von Euler Julius Axelrod Max Delbrück ... Feodor Lynen Sir John Carew Eccles Alan Lloyd Hodgkin Andrew Fielding Huxley Francis Harry Compton Crick ... Georg von Békésy Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet Peter Brian Medawar Severo Ochoa Arthur Kornberg ... Dickinson W. Richards

14. Notre Dame Magazine, Winter 1995-96, First Nobel For A Domer Molecular biologist eric F. wieschaus, who earned a bachelor's degree in biologyfrom Notre Dame in 1969, has become the first ND alumnus to win a nobel Prize. http://www.nd.edu/~ndmag/news1w95.html

First Nobel for a Domer Molecular biologist Eric F. Wieschaus, who earned a bachelor's degree in biology from Notre Dame in 1969, has become the first ND alumnus to win a Nobel Prize. The Squibb professor of molecular biology at Princeton University , Wieschaus, 48, shared the 1995 Nobel Prize in medicine and the $1 million that goes with itwith two other researchers: Edward Lewis of the California Institute of Technology and Christiane Nusslein-Volhard of Germany's Max-Planck Institute. Their research has uncovered clues to how genes control development in embryos, which, the prize's citation says, will "help explain congenital malformations in man." After graduating from Notre Dame, Wieschaus earned his doctorate from Yale University in 1974. He joined the Princeton faculty in 1981. From 1978 to 1981 he served as group leader at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory in Heidelberg, Germany. There he collaborated with Nusslein-Volhard on an ambitious genetic screen in fruit flies to identify zygotic genes that affect plans for body development in the embryo. "The real significance of the work," Wieschaus says, "started to become apparent to us in about 1980. It turned out that many of the genes we identified also do the same types of jobs in humans."

15. Premio Nobel De Medicina 2000 - Diario De Yucatán eric F. wieschaus. 1994. Alfred G. Gilman, por su descubrimiento http://www.yucatan.com.mx/especiales/nobel2000/medicina.asp

Premios Nóbel 2000 El Premio Nóbel de Fisiología o Medicina La Fisiología o Medicina es una de las cinco áreas de premiación mencionadas en el testamento de Alfred Nóbel. Este testamento está incompleto. El testamento menciona que este premio deberá de ser otorgado a la persona que "haya hecho el más importante descubrimiento en las áreas de fisiología o medicina". Él también designó al Instituto Karolinska de Estocolomo para otorgar este premio, y bajo la solicitud de que no haya consideración alguna a la nacionalidad de los participantes, sino que el más valioso lo reciba, sea o no Escandinavo" Ganadores 1981 - 1999 Günter Blobel "por el descubrimiento que las proteínas tienen señales intrínsecas que gobiernan su transportación y localización en la célula" Robert F. Furchgott "por sus descubrimientos referentes al óxido nítrico como una molécula de señalización en el sistema cardiovascular" Louis J. Ignarro

16. NOBEL PRIZES Institute awarded the nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for 1995 both to EdwardB. Lewis, Christiane NüssleinVolhard and eric F. wieschaus for their http://www.bioscience.org/urllists/nobel.htm

FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE; NOBEL PRIZES 2000 Nobel prize winner in medicine Arvid Carlsson, Paul Greengard And Eric Kandel jointly won nobel prize for their discoveries in signal transduction in the nervous system ARVID CARLSSON Born: January 25, 1923 Place of birth: Uppsala, Sweden Residence: Sweden Affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Göteborg Medicine Address: Department of Pharmacology University of Göteborg Medicinaregatan 7 Box 431, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden Tel: +46 31-773 34 35 Fax: +46 31-82 17 95 E-mail: arvid.carlsson@pharm.gu.se 2000 Nobel prize winner in medicine Arvid Carlsson, Paul Greengard And Eric Kandel jointly won nobel prize for their discoveries in signal transduction in the nervous system PAUL GREENGARD Born: December 11, 1925 Place of birth: New York, NY, USA Residence: New York, USA Affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Rockefeller University Address: Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience The Rockefeller University 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA E-mail: greengd@rockvax.rockefeller.edu

17. ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF NOBEL PRIZE LAUREATES IN CHEMISTRY Zsigmondy, Richard Adolf, 1925. ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF nobel PRIZE LAUREATESIN PHYSIOLOGY AND MEDICINE. Whipple, George Hoyt, 1934. wieschaus, eric F. 1995. http://www.bioscience.org/urllists/nobelc.htm

FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE; ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF NOBEL PRIZE LAUREATES IN CHEMISTRY, PHYSIOLOGY AND MEDICINE ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF NOBEL PRIZE LAUREATES IN CHEMISTRY Name Year Awarded Alder, Kurt Altman, Sidney Anfinsen, Christian B. Arrhenius, Svante August ... Zsigmondy, Richard Adolf ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF NOBEL PRIZE LAUREATES IN PHYSIOLOGY AND MEDICINE Name Year Awarded Adrian, Lord Edgar Douglas Arber, Werner Axelrod, Julius Baltimore, David ... Zinkernagel, Rolf M. Source: The Nobel Prize Internet Archive

18. Wieschaus, Eric F. wieschaus, eric F. (1947). I was born in South Bend, Indiana providesthe molecular explanation of the former. From Les Prix nobel 1995. http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/W/Wieschaus/Wies

Wieschaus, Eric F. In my sophomore year at Notre Dame, I needed money and found a job preparing fly food in a Drosophila laboratory run by Professor Harvey Bender. In Bender's lab, I encountered my first fruit flies and learned basic genetics. Though I liked working in a lab, genetics did not excite me as much as the embryology courses I was then taking from Kenyon Tweedel. Tweedel seemed to have a continuous supply of living embryos from a variety of different species. I will never forget the thrill of seeing cleavage and gastrulation for the first time in living frog embryos. I immediately wanted to understand why cells in particular regions of the developing embryo behaved the way they did. What were the mechanisms that made them different from each other? What forces drove such dramatic rearrangements in the cytoplasm and the shape of cells? In the 30's and early 40's, Poulson had described the basic embryology of Drosophila and had characterized one of the first mutants with an interesting interpretable phenotype during embryonic development (the neural defects associated with deletions of the Notch locus). Until that point, I had thought all developmental genetics of flies involved eye colors and bristles and other aspects of adult morphology. It had never occurred to me that flies had embryos, or that Drosophila embryogenesis was characterized by the same kinds of spectacular cell movements seen in the classically studied embryos of vertebrates. I learned all that from Poulson.

19. Themes Geography History History Prize Winners Nobel Themes Geography History History Prize Winners nobel Prize Medicine. 1995,Lewis, Edward B. Nüsslein-Volhard, Christiane - wieschaus, eric F. http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/GeogHist/histories/prizewinners/nobelprize/m

Themes History Prize Winners Nobel Prize Year Winners Behring, Emil Adolf von Ross, Ronald Finsen, Niels Ryberg Pavlov, Ivan Petrovich ... Bárány, Robert The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section Bordet, Jules Krogh, Schack August Steenberg The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section Hill, Archibald Vivian Meyerhof, Otto Fritz Banting, Frederick Grant Macleod, John James Richard ... Einthoven, Willem The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section Fibiger, Johannes Andreas Grib Wagner-Jauregg, Julius Nicolle, Charles Jules Henri Eijkman, Christiaan ... Domagk, Gerhard The prize money was 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section The prize money was 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section The prize money was 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section Dam, Henrik Carl Peter

20. Meet Cushing Orator Eric Wieschaus, PhD, Nobel Prize Winner Neurological Surgeons is pleased to welcome eric wieschaus to the Dr. wieschaus' participationin the ranks of the Colin L. Powell 1996 William F. Buckley, Jr. http://www.neurosurgery.org/pubpages/news/aans98/bios/wieschaus.html

ERIC WIESCHAUS, PH.D. 1988 CUSHING ORATOR Eric Wieschaus, Ph.D., co-winner of the 1995 Noble Prize in Physiology or Medicine, is the 1998 Cushing Orator. Dr. Wieschaus will speak on "What Fly Genes Can Tell Us About How Human Embryos Develop." Currently, Dr. Wieschaus is the Squibb Professor of Molecular Biology at Princeton University and is studying the development of Drosophila in all its manifest implications. He earned his bachelor's degree from the University of Notre Dame and did his Yale University doctoral study with Walter Gehring at the Biozentrum in Basel, Switzerland, before moving on to complete his post-doctoral work at the University of Zurich. His first independent research position was at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory in Heidelberg. While in Heidelberg, Dr. Wieschaus and his colleague, Christiane Nusslein-Volhard, set out to identify and define, using mutant screens, the zygotic genes essential to the development of the Drosophila embryo. The two scientists interbred the flies and fed the flies mutagens in order to create lines of flies that had the same mutation. Ultimately, they established some 40,000 lines, in which some 18,000 genes harbored mutations that affected a fly's survival. Analyzing the mutations and noting mutation combinations, Wieschaus and Nusslein-Volhard were able to piece together the types of cellular decisions an embryo makes and discovered that only 139 of the 20,000 fly genes were important in determining body structure and function. They later learned that virtually all the genes they had identified also exist in humans. Wieschaus and Nusslein-Volhard earned the 1995 Noble Prize for Physiology or Medicine for this work.

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