61. Ganhando O Prêmio Nobel De Química De 1996 Translate this page Professor richard E. smalley, Rice University sóbria, informando que Sir Harry haviasido escolhido como um dos ganhadores do prêmio nobel de Química de http://www.slb.com/seed/pt/watch/fullerenes/prize.htm

A Descoberta dos Fulerenos ...como relatado por Jonathan Hare O Contingente de Kroto Jim Heath Dr. Sean O'Brian*** Steve Kroto Prof. Danko Bosanac** Prof. Reg Colin* Dr. Jonathan Hare Frente (da esquerda para a direita) Dr. David Walton Carol Walton Prof. Sir Harry Kroto Margaret Kroto Claudia Colin** * Universidade Livre de Bruxelas ** Rudjer Bofkovic, Institute Sagre *** EUA, Texas) O Local O "A Academia Real de Ciências da Suécia decidiu conceder o Prêmio Nobel de Química de 1996 ao Professor Robert F. Curl, Jr., Rice University, Houston, EUA, Professor Sir Harold W. Kroto, Universidade de Sussex, Brighton, Reino Unido, e Professor Richard E. Smalley, Rice University, Houston, EUA

62. FOR- News And Current Events the 100th anniversary of the nobel prize, 100 nobel laureates have issued Physics,1988 K. Barry Sharpless Chemistry, 2001 richard E. smalley Chemistry, 1996 http://www.forusa.org/News/NobelStatement1201.html

Veterans Call to Conscience Phil Berrigan, 12/6/02 No War With Iraq! Israel/Palestine: STOP THE VIOLENCE! ... Nobel Laureates Statement ABOUT THE FOR Become a Member Contact Donate FOR Headquarters ... Vision and Mission Statements PROGRAMS IRAQ Interfaith PeaceBuilders Latin America ... Peace Prizes ACTION NEWS EMAIL Subscribe! FELLOWSHIP MAGAZINE Fellowship Home Page Subscribe Interfaith Peace Quotes ... Writings on Peace LINKS Links to other web sites ONLINE STORE Books Bumper Stickers Calendars Gifts ... Videos Statement of 100 Nobel Laureates OSLO, Norway-December 7, 2001 (OTVNewswire) At the Nobel Peace Prize Centennial Symposium here yesterday celebrating the 100th anniversary of the Nobel prize, 100 Nobel laureates have issued a brief but dire warning of the "profound dangers" facing the world. Their statement predicts that our security depends on immediate environmental and social reform. The following is the text of their statement: THE STATEMENT: The most profound danger to world peace in the coming years will stem not from the irrational acts of states or individuals but from the legitimate demands of the world's dispossessed. Of these poor and disenfranchised, the majority live a marginal existence in equatorial climates. Global warming, not of their making but originating with the wealthy few, will affect their fragile ecologies most. Their situation will be desperate and manifestly unjust.

63. 100 Nobel Laureates Warn Our Planet! Schwartz Physics, 1988 K. Barry Sharpless Chemistry, 2001 richard E. smalley Chemistry,1996 1984 John Vane Physiology/Medicine, 1982 John E. Walker Chemistry http://www.lovearth.net/100NobelLaureatesWarnOurPlanet.htm

100 Nobel Laureates Warn Our Planet OSLO, Norway December 7, 2001 At the Nobel Peace Prize Centennial Symposium here yesterday celebrating the 100th anniversary of the Nobel prize, 100 Nobel laureates have issued a brief but dire warning of the "profound dangers" facing the world. Their statement predicts that our security depends on immediate environmental and social reform. The following is the text of their statement: THE STATEMENT The most profound danger to world peace in the coming years will stem not from the irrational acts of states or individuals but from the legitimate demands of the world's dispossessed. Of these poor and disenfranchised, the majority live a marginal existence in equatorial climates. Global warming, not of their making but originating with the wealthy few, will affect their fragile ecologies most. Their situation will be desperate and manifestly unjust. It cannot be expected, therefore, that in all cases they will be content to await the beneficence of the rich. If then we permit the devastating power of modern weaponry to spread through this combustible human landscape, we invite a conflagration that can engulf both rich and poor. The only hope for the future lies in co-operative international action, legitimized by

64. S. Maruyama's Site by Professor richard E. smalley Gene and Norman Hackerman Professor of Chemistryand Professor of Physics at Rice University 1996 Chemistry nobel Prize Winner. http://www.photon.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~maruyama/SLecture/slecture.html

Lecture by Professor Richard E. Smalley Gene and Norman Hackerman Professor of Chemistry and Professor of Physics at Rice University 1996 Chemistry Nobel Prize Winner Japanese Mode is Here Updated: '01/2/26 The Lecture was Exciting: Click Here for Photos and Slide Show Date: February 22, 2001, 14:00 - 16:30 Place: Faculty of Science Chemistry Bldg. 5F Lecture Hall At Hongo Campus of The University of Tokyo Hongo 7-3-1, bunkyo-ku, Tokyo Refer to maps below Getting to the Hongo Campus Faculty of Science Chemisty Bldg. At Hongo Campus Entrance Fee: Free ( Preregistration is neccesary) Program 14:00-15:00 Lecture by Professor Richard E. Smalley "Buckytubes! New materials and new devices from carbon" 15:00-16:30 Panel Discussion Chairman: Professor Shigeo Maruyama (The University of Tokyo) Panelists: Professor Yoji Achiba (Tokyo Metropolitan University) Professor Riichiro Saito (The University of Electro-Communications) Dr. Masako Yudasaka (ICORP-JST)

65. Appello Dei 110 Premi Nobel richard E. smalley (Chemistry, 1996 http://www.iac.rm.cnr.it/~spweb/documenti/appello_premiNOBEL.html

L'appello di 110 premi Nobel La minaccia maggiore per la pace mondiale verrà negli anni a venire non dai comportamenti irrazionali di stati o individui, ma dalle legittime richieste dei diseredati del mondo. La maggioranza di queste persone povere e senza diritti vive un'esistenza marginale nei climi equatoriali. Il surriscaldamento del pianeta - originato non da loro, bensì da pochi ricchi - colpirà soprattutto le loro fragili ecologie. La loro situazione sarà disperata e manifestamente ingiusta. Perciò non ci si può attendere che essi si accontentino sempre e comunque di aspettare la beneficenza dei ricchi. Se permetteremo dunque alla potenza devastante delle armi moderne di diffondersi in questo esplosivo paesaggio umano, innescheremo una conflagrazione in grado di travolgere tanto i ricchi quanto i poveri. La sola speranza per il futuro riposa nella collaborazione internazionale, legittimata dalla democrazia. È tempo di voltare le spalle alla ricerca unilaterale di sicurezza, in cui noi cerchiamo di rifugiarci dietro ai muri. Dobbiamo invece insistere nella ricerca dell'unità d'azione per contrastare sia il surriscaldamento del pianeta che un mondo armato. Questi obiettivi gemelli costituiranno due condizioni fondamentali per la stabilità, mentre ci muoveremo verso il più ampio grado di giustizia sociale che, esso solo, può dare una speranza di pace. Alcuni degli strumenti legali necessari sono già a portata di mano, come il trattato sui missili anti-balistici (Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty), la convenzione sui cambiamenti climatici (Convention on Climate Change), i trattatti strategici sulla riduzione di armi (Strategic Arms Reduction Treaties) e il Trattato sul bando dei test nucleari (Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty). In quanto cittadini preoccupati, chiediamo a tutti i governi di impegnarsi per questi obiettivi, che costituiscono dei passi in avanti affinché il diritto prenda il posto della guerra.

66. Nobel For Chemistry: All Laureates C. Skou 1996 Robert F. Curl Jr., Sir Harold W. Kroto, richard E. smalley 1995 Paul tothe Special Fund of this prize section 1915 richard Martin Willstätter http://www.popular-science.net/nobel/chem-list.html

NOBEL Read More on the Nobel Prize: Nobel Minds 2001 Awards John Nash Women Nobel Prize ... Prize Amounts MINI ALMANAC Calendar Moon phase Popular Science Highlights: IG Nobel 2002 The invention of :-) West Nile Virus Asteroid Impact? ... Book: Russell Read also: Nobel Prize Women in Science : Their Lives, Struggles, and Momentous Discoveries by Sharon Bertsch McGrayne THE NOBEL PRIZE FOR CHEMISTRY: ALL WINNERS 2001 William Knowles, K. Barry Sharpless, Ryoji Noyori 2000 Alan J. Heeger, Alan G. MacDiarmid, Hideki Shirakawa 1999 Ahmed H. Zewail 1998 Walter Kohn, John A. Pople 1997 Paul D. Boyer, John E. Walker, Jens C. Skou 1996 Robert F. Curl Jr., Sir Harold W. Kroto, Richard E. Smalley 1995 Paul J. Crutzen, Mario J. Molina, F. Sherwood Rowland 1994 George A. Olah 1993 Kary B. Mullis, Michael Smith 1992 Rudolph A. Marcus

67. Nobel Prize Winners In Chemistry Since1901 Dorothy C. Hodgkin. nobel Prize Winners in Chemistry 19011999. 1996 - Robert F.Curl, Jr. Sir Harold W. Kroto; richard E. smalley. 1995 - Paul Crutzen,. http://iweb.tntech.edu/chem491-dc/prizewinners.htm

Excluded Subjects for Fall 2000 ROBERT S. MULLIKEN Sidney Altman Ernest Rutherford Sherwood Roland Willard Frank Libby George Wittig Frederick Sanger VINCENT DU VIGNEAUD Kary Mullis William Ramsay Alexander Todd Irving Langmuir Hermann Staudinger Vlademir Prelog Jerome Karle Adolf Butenandts Theodore William Richards Melvin Calvin Gertrude B. Elion Marie Curie Dorothy C. Hodgkin Nobel Prize Winners in Chemistry 1901-1999 1999 - The prize was awarded for studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectrscopy. AHMED ZEWAIL - The prize was awarded for pioneering contributions in developing methods that can be used for theoretical studies of the properties of molecules and the chemical processes in which they are involved. The prize was divided equally between: WALTER KOHN for his development of the density-functional theory and JOHN A. POPLE for his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry. - The prize was divided, one half being awarded jointly to:

68. Invited Talk Of David Tomanek At The 1997 APS March Meeting in the history of carbon (C), the discovery of fullerenes has been honored by the1996 nobel prize to Robert F. Curl, Harold W. Kroto and richard E. smalley. http://www.pa.msu.edu/~tomanek/aps-press-1997.html

Invited talk of David Tomanek at the 1997 APS March Meeting (M3.03 Thursday morning, March 20, at 09:12 a.m. in Room 1203A, Convention Center) Morphology, Growth and Destruction of Carbon Nanotubes As an important milestone in the history of carbon (C), the discovery of fullerenes has been honored by the 1996 Nobel prize to Robert F. Curl, Harold W. Kroto and Richard E. Smalley . Since the identification of the C "buckyball" in 1985, the field of fullerenes has experienced unparalleled growth. Maybe the most intriguing new development is the successful synthesis of a new material that consists of 100% carbon. Latest research results from Smalley's research group at Rice University [1] indicate that this material consists of identical hollow "nanotubes" that are only 1.4 nano-meters (twice the size of the "buckyball") in diameter, but up to 0.1 milli-meters long. Hundreds of such nanotubes bundle to strong nanoropes. Some of the unique properties of nanotubes are their high tensile strength, which is near 100 times that of steel of the same dimension, at substantially lower weight. Their high stiffness towards bending exceeds that of known materials. Nanotubes are also very good electrical conductors. Individual nanotubes may be the thinnest man-made structures that are stiff enough to be self-supporting, and chemically inert in the atmosphere. The synthesis of this new material by laser-evaporation of graphite enriched by a nickel-cobalt alloy is relatively uncomplicated when measured by today's technology standards. The extremely high 80-90% efficiency of nanorope production from the raw material is intriguing, as it suggests catalytically assisted self-assembly on the atomic scale. Still, significantly more research will be needed before bulk production can be expected. Significant progress in this direction is reported from Richard E. Smalley's research group at the Rice

69. Small Times: News About MEMS, Nanotechnology And Microsystems MONTREAL – Aug. 28, 2002 – Nanotech guru richard smalley is working on a newchallenge – his biggest one yet smalley, of course, won a nobel Prize for http://www.smalltimes.com/document_display.cfm?document_id=4502

70. On The 100th Anniversary Of The Nobel Prize K. Barry Sharpless Chemistry, 2001. richard E. smalley Chemistry, 1996.Jack Steinberger Physics, 1988. John E. Walker Chemistry, 1997. http://www.nativevillage.org/Inspiration-/On_the_100th_anniversary_of_the_.htm

On the 100th anniversary of the Nobel prize 100 Nobel laureates warn that our security hangs on environmental and social reform The most profound danger to world peace in the coming years will stem not from the irrational acts of states or individuals but from the legitimate demands of the world's dispossessed. Of these poor and disenfranchised, the majority live a marginal existence in equatorial climates. Global warming, not of their making but originating with the wealthy few, will affect their fragile ecologies most. Their situation will be desperate and manifestly unjust. It cannot be expected, therefore, that in all cases they will be content to await the beneficence of the rich. If then we permit the devastating power of modern weaponry to spread through this combustible human landscape, we invite a conflagration that can engulf both rich and poor. The only hope for the future lies in co-operative international action, legitimized by democracy. It is time to turn our backs on the unilateral search for security, in which we seek to shelter behind walls. Instead, we must persist in the quest for united action to counter both global warming and a weaponized world. These twin goals will constitute vital components of stability as we move toward the wider degree of social justice that alone gives hope of peace.

71. I-mass.com : International Mass Spectrometry Web Resource Sir Harold W. Kroto richard E. smalley shared nobel Prize for Chemistry1996 for their discovery of fullerenes - using mass spectrometry. http://i-mass.com/guide/nobel.html

o Mass Data Atomic Isotope Masses Atomic Weights Amino Acid Residue Mass Amino Acid Structures ... Nucleoside Mass WWW ChemTools Ion Formula by Mol. Weight Isotope Pattern Calculator Mass Loss Calculator Periodic e-Table WWW BioTools EMBL Peptide Search - protein ID from peptide mass and sequence data FindMod - post-translational modifications by peptide mass GlycanMass - oligosaccharide mass from structure GlycoMod - oligosaccharide structures from mass Javascript Protein Digest - peptide digest masses Javascipt Fragment Ion Generator for peptides Mascot Search - peptide mass and sequence tools Mowse - protein identification from peptide MS data Protein Prospector - mass spectra interpretation tools PROWL - identification of proteins from MS data

72. 100 Nobel richard E. smalley Chemistry,1996; http://www.legambiente.com/documenti/2001/1211_100nobel.html

L'appello di 100 premi Nobel contro le scelte della Casa Bianca Raccolti dal canadese John Polany, Nobel per la chimica 1986, cento laureati all'Accademia di Stoccolma (sui 225 viventi) denunciano che "il più profondo pericolo per la pace mondiale viene dalle legittime richieste della maggioranza povera del mondo". Un documento che parla di clima e di trattato anti-missili, di poveri che reclamano e di muri costruiti dai ricchi, ma che finisce per colpire al cuore le scelte del paese più potente del mondo: gli Stati Uniti d'America Per sopravvivere nel mondo che abbiamo trasformato dobbiamo imparare a pensare in modo nuovo. Mai come oggi, il futuro di ciascuno dipende dal contributo di tutti. Zhohres Alferov Physics,2000 Sidney Altman Chemistry,1989 Philip W. Andreson Physics,1977 Oscar Arias Sanchez Peace,1987 J.Georg Bednorz Physics,1987 Bishop Carlos F.X: Belo Peace,1996 Baruj Benacerraf medicine,1980 Hans A. Bethe phYsics,1967 James W. Blach Medicine,1988 Guenter Blobel Medicine,1999

73. Our Best Point The Way Also See nobel Peace Prize Centennial Symposium. 1972 Melvin Schwartz Physics,1988 K. Barry Sharpless Chemistry, 2001 richard E. smalley Chemistry, 1996 http://www.commondreams.org/headlines01/1207-01.htm

Home Newswire About Us Donate ... Archives Headlines Published on Friday, December 7, 2001 in the Our Best Point the Way On the 100th anniversary of the Nobel prize, 100 Nobel laureates warn that our security hangs on environmental and social reform The most profound danger to world peace in the coming years will stem not from the irrational acts of states or individuals but from the legitimate demands of the world's dispossessed. Of these poor and disenfranchised, the majority live a marginal existence in equatorial climates. Global warming, not of their making but originating with the wealthy few, will affect their fragile ecologies most. Their situation will be desperate and manifestly unjust. Also See: Nobel Peace Prize Centennial Symposium It cannot be expected, therefore, that in all cases they will be content to await the beneficence of the rich. If then we permit the devastating power of modern weaponry to spread through this combustible human landscape, we invite a conflagration that can engulf both rich and poor. The only hope for the future lies in co-operative international action, legitimized by democracy. It is time to turn our backs on the unilateral search for security, in which we seek to shelter behind walls. Instead, we must persist in the quest for united action to counter both global warming and a weaponized world.

74. Notebook: November 6, 1996 nobel IN CHEMISTRY TO richard smalley *74 richard E. smalley *74, a professor ofchemistry and of physics at Rice University, Robert F. Curl, Jr., also of Rice http://www.princeton.edu/~paw/archive_old/PAW96-97/04-1106/1106note.html

Notebook: November 6, 1996 New Buildings in the Works Scribner Exhibit at Firestone Class Act: Exploring the Human Condition in Great Works (Romance Languages and Literature Professor Victor Brombert) Nobel in Chemistry to Richard Smalley *74 NEW BUILDINGS IN THE WORKS The look of campus is changing as the university embarks on several construction projects. The first one to be finished will be an addition to the Woolworth music building, a music library, which will be completed next summer, according to Jon D. Hlafter '61 *63, director of physical planning. By early October, the steel had been erected, and planners hope to have the building enclosed by winter. The addition will consolidate the music department, housed in Woolworth, and the music library, now in Firestone Library. Another project in the works on paper, though not on the ground, is a new dormitory located where Poe Court-the temporary housing erected last year on the field between 1922 Hall and Lewis Thomas Laboratory-used to be. The temporary housing was removed before the Class of 2000 arrived on campus in September. The university expects to begin construction on the new 260-bed dorm next spring or summer, said Hlafter, and complete it by the fall of 1998. One section of the building will likely be four stories and the rest of it will be three, said Hlafter. The dorm will have single bedrooms, with some grouped in suites and others sharing semiprivate bathrooms, he added. On each floor will be lounges, laundry facilities, and kitchens. The dorm, which will be designed by the Boston architectural firm of Machado and Silvetti, will form a courtyard with Butler College to the west.

75. Prémios Nobel Translate this page . Prémios nobel de Química. (EUA), Sir Harold W. Kroto (Grã-Bretanha),richard E. smalley (EUA), pela descoberta dos fulerenos. http://luisperna.com.sapo.pt/nobel_quimica.htm

Prémios Nobel de Química 2002 - John B. Fenn (EUA), Koichi Tanaka (Japão), e Kurt Wüthrich (Suíça), pela sua contribuição para o desenvolvimento da espectrometria de massa e ressonância magnética nuclear, métodos que permitem identificar e analisar macromoléculas biológicas, como as proteínas. Os trabalhos premiados permitiram desenvolver métodos analíticos que facilitam a compreensão das macromoléculas e a interacção destas, ou seja, basicamente aquilo que determina as funções das células do corpo humano e também revolucionaram o desenvolvimento de medicamentos e são promissores em outras áreas como, por exemplo, o controlo alimentar e o diagnóstico precoce de alguns tipos de cancro. William Knowles (E.U.A), Barry Sharpless (E.U.A), Ryoji Noyori (Japão), pela investigações na área da síntese catalítica assimétrica Alan J. Heeger (E.U.A), Alan G. MacDiarmid (E.U.A), Hideki Shirakawa (Japão), pela descoberta e desenvolvimento dos polímeros condutores. Ahmed H. Zewail

76. Nobel.html 1996 richard E. smalley, Robert F 1997 Paul D. Boyer and John E. Walker Discoveryof enzymatic mechanism responsible for creating adenosine triphosphate (ATP http://server.ccl.net/cca/documents/dyoung/topics-framed/nobel.shtml

http://server.ccl.net/cca/documents/dyoung/topics-framed/nobel.shtml CCL nobel.html topics checkpoint.html chem_links.html compchem.html ... vib.html Winners of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry Jacobus Hendricus van't Hoff Chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure. Emil Hermann Fischer Work on carbohydrates and purines. Svante August Arrhenius Theory of electrolytic dissociation. Sir William Ramsay Discovery of helium, neon, xenon and krypton. Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer Synthetic organic chemistry, particularily for the synthesis of indigo and triphenylmethane dyes. Preparing pure fluorine and developing the electric furnace (the Moissan furnace). Eduard Buchner Biochemical research including discovery of cell-less fermentation (fermentation in a test tube by extracting the active enzymes from yeast cells). Ernest Rutherford Study of radioactive substances. Friedrich Wilhelm Ostwald Work on catalysis, chemical equilibrium and reaction rates. Otto Wallach Work on alicyclic compounds. Marie Curie Chemistry of radioactive isotopes.

77. 100 Nobel Laureates Warn That Our Security Hangs On Environmental And So On the 100th anniversary of the nobel prize, 100 nobel laureates warn Physics, 1988K. Barry Sharpless Chemistry, 2001 richard E. smalley Chemistry, 1996 http://csf.colorado.edu/mail/psn/2001/msg01807.html

Date Index 100 Nobel laureates warn that our security hangs on environmental and social reform by CyberBrook 07 December 2001 19:10 UTC Thread Index Date Index Progressive Sociology Network List Archives at CSF Subscribe to Progressive Sociology Network Thread Index

78. Chemical Of The Week -- Buckyballs He contacted Robert F. Curl and richard E. smalley at Rice University In 1996, HaroldKroto, richard smalley, and Robert Curl shared the nobel Prize in http://scifun.chem.wisc.edu/chemweek/buckball/buckball.html

BUCKYBALLS The discovery of a new form of a pure element is a rather rare occurrence, especially for a common element. Therefore, reports of such discoveries generate an unusual amount of excitement among scientists. An example is the discovery in 1985 of a new allotropic form of elemental carbon. The two well-known forms of elemental carbon are graphite and diamond. Both of these contain extended arrays of carbon atoms. In the new form, the carbon atoms are arranged in relatively small clusters of atoms. In graphite, the carbon atoms are arranged in sheets with the bonds between the atoms forming hexagons, something like chicken wire. The sheets are only weakly bonded to each other, so they slide past one another, giving graphite a slippery feel and making it a good lubricant. Graphite is also used extensively in studies of the surface effects of energy in the form of light, heat, and electric current. When graphite is subjected to large bursts of energy of these sorts, portions of the top sheet of carbon atoms are ripped out. The ejected portions are studied to learn how the energy interacts with the a solid surface. Kroto, Smalley, and Curl wondered how the atoms in this cluster are arranged to make it more stable than other clusters. They believed that its stability came from an arrangement in which all bonding capacity of the atoms is satisfied. In a small fragment of carbon-atom sheet ejected from a graphite surface, the atoms around the edge of the sheet would not be fully bonded. If, however, the sheet were to form into a ball so the edges would meet, the bonding capacity of all atoms would be satisfied. In thinking of how the atoms are arranged in this ball, the scientists considered the geodesic domes designed by the architect-engineer, R. Buckminster Fuller. These domes led them to suspect a structure of interlocking hexagons and pentagons, identical to those of a soccer ball. Because this idea was inspired by the geodesic dome, they named this C

79. APS News-Online (December 1996) The 1996 nobel Prize in Chemistry was shared by richard F. Curl and richard E.smalley of Rice University, along with Harold W. Kroto of the University of http://www.aps.org/apsnews/1296/11725.html

December 1996 Edition APS Members Share 1996 Nobel Prizes in Physics, Chemistry I n October, the 1996 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to David Lee and Robert Richardson of Cornell University and Douglas Osheroff of Stanford University for their 1972 discovery of superfluidity in helium-3. This special liquid state of matter, which can flow without viscosity, was detected during a search for an antiferromagnetic phase in solid He-3, after the researchers chilled their sample to a temperature of about 2 microkelvins. Superfluidity was discovered in helium-4 in 1938, at the much warmer temperature of 2 kelvin. Superfluidity in He-3 is very different from He-4. For instance, the former is a fermion and the latter is a boson. And in He-4, the superfluid state is essentially a Bose-Einstein condensation of He atoms in a single quantum state, whereas the He-3 superfluid state is a condensation of pairs of atoms, which are magnetic and possess an internal structure. In fact, superfluid He-3 exists in three different phases related to different magnetic or temperature conditions. The highly anisotropic nature of the A phase (resembling a liquid crystal) was recently exploited in an experiment in which vortices set in motion within an He-3 sample simulated the formation of topological defects, or "cosmic strings," in the early universe. [See Nature, 25 July 1996] A graduate student at Cornell when the discovery was made, Osheroff went on to achieve the first experimental verification of the "baked Alaska" model, a theory first formulated by Anthony Leggett (University of Illinois) to explain the somewhat piecemeal transition from the A phase of superfluid He-3 into the lower-temperature B phase, by supposing that B-phase droplets can be nucleated within the supercooled A phase by the ionizing energy of passing cosmic rays. [See Physics Today, June 1992]

80. SCIENTIFIC LEADERS SCIENTIFIC LEADERS. THE WINNERS nobel PRIZES. Curl, Robert F., Jr. Kroto, Sir HaroldW. smalley, richard E. Scientific leaders in Russia (only russian version). http://www.csa.ru/Fulleren/leaders.html

SCIENTIFIC LEADERS THE WINNERS NOBEL PRIZES Curl, Robert F., Jr. Kroto, Sir Harold W. Smalley, Richard E. Scientific leaders in Russia (only russian version) RESEARCH GROUPS Cross Group Fullerene Research D.Tomanek's Nanotube Site Prof. E. Campbell's Fullerene Group Sussex Fullerene Group Home Page ... The Dresselhaus Group Home Page at MIT FULLERENES: CHEMISTRY, PHYSICS AND NEW DIRECTIONS Karl M. Kadish Department of Chemistry University of Houston Houston, Texas 77204-5641 phone: (713) 743-2740 fax: (713) 743-2745 e-mail: kkadish@uh.edu Rodney S. Ruoff Department of Physics Washington University CB 1105, One Brookings Drive St. Louis, Missouri, USA 63130-4899 phone: (314) 935 8746 fax: (314) 935-6219 e-mail: ruoff@howdy.wustl.edu THEORY Prof. Jerzy Cioslowski Dept. of Chemistry =46lorida State University Tallahassee, FL phone: (904) 644-8274 fax: (904) 644 8281 e-mail: jerzy@scri1.scri.fsu.edu Professor Stephen R. Wilson Chemistry Department New York University Washington Square New York, NY 10003 Ph: (212) 998-8461 Fax: (212) 260-7905 e-mail: Spherebio@aol.com

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