61. Géniesenherbe.org - Prix Nobel De Physique Translate this page Le prix nobel de physique est attribué par l'Académie royale des 1973, Esaki Leo(Japon), Ivar Giaever (États-Unis) et brian D. josephson (Grande-Bretagne). http://www.geniesenherbe.org/theorie/prix/nobphys.html

Lauréats du prix Nobel de physique Le prix Nobel de physique est attribué par l'Académie royale des sciences de Suède, à Stockholm. Année Récipiendaire Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (Allemagne) Hendrik Antoon Lorentz (Pays-Bas) et Pieter Zeeman (Pays-Bas) Antoine Henri Becquerel (France), Pierre Curie (France) et Marie Curie (France) John William Strutt, 3 e baron Rayleigh (Grande-Bretagne) Philipp Eduard Anton Lenard (Allemagne) sir Joseph John Thomson (Grande-Bretagne) Albert Abraham Michelson (États-Unis) Gabriel Lippmann (France) Guglielmo Marconi (Italie) et Karl Ferdinand Braun (Allemagne) Johannes Diderik van der Waals (Pays-Bas) Wilhelm Wien (Allemagne) Nils Gustaf Dalén (Suède) Heike Kamerlingh Onnes (Pays-Bas) Max von Laue (Allemagne) sir William Henry Bragg (Grande-Bretagne) et sir William Lawrence Bragg (Grande-Bretagne) NON ATTRIBUÉ Charles Glover Barkla (Grande-Bretagne) Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck (Allemagne) Johannes Stark (Allemagne) Charles Édouard Guillaume (Suisse) Albert Einstein (Allemagne et Suisse) Niels Bohr (Danemark) Robert Andrews Millikan (États-Unis) Karl Manne Georg Siegbahn (Suède) James Franck (Allemagne) et Gustav Hertz (Allemagne) Jean Baptiste Perrin (France) Arthur Holly Compton (États-Unis) et Charles Thomson Rees Wilson (Grande-Bretagne) sir Owen Williams Richardson (Grande-Bretagne) prince Louis Victor de Broglie (France) sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman (Inde) NON ATTRIBUÉ Werner Heisenberg (Allemagne) Erwin Schrodinger (Autriche) et Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac (Grande Bretagne) NON ATTRIBUÉ sir James Chadwick (Grande-Bretagne)

62. PTB, Devision 2, Electricity: Josephson Effect the 22year-old British student brian D. josephson predicted the main components ofmodern josephson voltage standards In 1973, the nobel prize for physics was http://www.ptb.de/en/org/2/Inhalte/Josephson/josephson.htm

Division 2 Organizational Structure Homepage Deutsche Version ... Department 2.4 Josephson Effects and Josephson voltage standards In 1962, the 22-year-old British student Brian D. Josephson predicted two effects which could experimentally verified shortly afterwards. The modern Josephson voltage standard is based on one of these effects. The Josephson effects occur if two superconductors are weakly coupled, e.g. by separating them by an insulating layer of a few nanometer in thickness. Irradiation of this Josephson junction with microwaves (being an electromagnetic wave) creates between the superconductors discrete voltage levels depending only on the ratio of two fundamental constants and the frequency f of the microwaves. These steps of constant voltage are generated at voltages V n n = 1, 2, 3, ... denotes the number of the steps, h the Planck constant and e the elementary charge. The term Josephson constant K J is nowadays used for the quotient 2 e h instead of its reciprocal value for historical reasons. By means of Josephson junctions, voltages can be reproduced with relative uncertainties of less than one part in ten billion (1 : 10

63. Winners Of The Nobel Prize In Physics BACK Winners of the nobel Prize in Physics 2000 The prize is being awarded with onehalf jointly to. and the other half to. brian D. josephson for his http://snake76.by.ru/texts/NoblePrizePhysics.html

Winners of the Nobel Prize in Physics The prize is being awarded with one half jointly to ZHORES I. ALFEROV A.F. Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, and HERBERT KROEMER University of California at Santa Barbara, California, USA, for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and opto-electronics" and one half to JACK S. KILBY Texas Instruments, Dallas, Texas, USA for his part in the invention of the integrated circuit The prize was awarded jointly to: GERADUS'T HOOFT and MARTINUS J. G. VELTMAN for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics The prize was awarded jointly to: ROBERT B. LAUGHLIN , HORST L. STORMER and DANIEL C. TSUI for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations. The prize was awarded jointly to: STEVEN CHU , CLAUDE COHEN-TANNOUDJI and WILLIAM D. PHILLIPS for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light. The prize was awarded jointly to: DAVID M. LEE , DOUGLAS D. OSHEROFF and ROBERT C. RICHARDSON for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3. The prize was awarded for pioneering experimental contributions to lepton physics, with one half to:

64. Norwegian Inventions, Discoveries And Awards josephson, brian D., Great Britain, Cambridge University, Cambridge, (1940 are generallyknown as the josephson effects The nobel Prize in Chemistry awarded by http://www.cyberclip.com/Katrine/NorwayInfo/NorgeInv.html

Norwegian Inventions, Discoveries and Awards Norwegian Inventions, Discoveries and Awards Discoveries Inventions Awards Discoveries * Greenland Eiríkr raudi (Eirik the Red) emigrated from Jæren in Norway to Iceland in 981 or 982 in search of a new land. The reason for his departure was apparently some unexplained local murders. From Iceland, Eirik made lots of travels, and on one of them found Greenland, which was soon colonized. But it was his son, Leif, who was going to make the biggest discovery... (see below) * America The Icelandic born Leif Eirikson, son of Eirik the Red (see above), followed in his father's footsteps and discovered more new land: He found a land he called Helluland (Flatstone Land, probably Baffin Island), then he sailed to Markland (Forest Land, Labrador), and from there to Vinland . The account of his voyage is preserved in Gronlendinga saga. Eiriks saga rauda has a different version: according to this, Leif put out to sea from Norway, in order to sail home to Greenland; he was driven off course, and came to an unknown land where he found self-sown wheat and vine trees. A new expedition, led by Toifinnr Karlsefni, set out for this new land, and in connection with his expedition, the saga calls the land Vinland. Traditions, it will be seen, differ, but they agree that a new land far west in the Atlantic had been discovered. The year is about A.D. 1000.

65. Nobel Prize Winners In Physics 19081991. 1931-. 1931-. for their development of a theory of superconductivity.1973, Leo Esaki. Ivar Giaever. brian D. josephson. 1925-. 1929-. 1940-. http://empl.ksc.nasa.gov/nobelwin.htm

Year Winner Lifetime Contribution Wilhelm Konrad Rontgen for the discovery of x-rays Hendrik Antoon Lorentz Pieter Zeeman for their work on the influence of magnetism on radiation. Antoine Henri Becquerel Pierre Curie Marie Sklowdowska-Curie for his discovery of radioactivity. for their joint research on nuclear radiation phenomena. Lord Rayleigh (John William Strutt) for his research on the densities of the gases and for his discovery of argon Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard for his work on cathode rays. Joseph John Thomson for his research on the conduction of electricity by gases. Albert Abraham Michelson for his optical instruments and for measuring the speed of light. Gabriel Lippmann for his method of reproducing colors photographically based on the interference techiniques. Guglielmo Marconi Carl Ferdinand Braun for their development of wireless telegraphy. Johannes Diderik van der Waals for his research on the equation of state for gases and liquids.

66. Josephson, Brian David Translate this page josephson, brian David (1940-). Membre d'honneur, Institut d'Ingénieurs Electriqueset Electroniques 1982 1982 D.Sc Honoraire De Cours nobel, Physique 1971-1980 http://www.cartage.org.lb/fr/themes/Biographies/mainbiographie/J/Josephson/Josep

Josephson, Brian David Date de naissance: Le 4 janvier 1940 Lieu de naissance: Cardiff, le Pays de galles, le Royaume-Uni. Education: Cardiff Lycée Université de Cambridge, B.A. 1960 Université de Cambridge, M.A., Ph. D 1964 Carrière Universitaire Camarade de Collège(université) de Trinité, Cambridge 1962 Faites des recherches sur Professeur adjoint, Université de l'Illinois 1964-65 Aide de Directeur de Recherche, Université de Cambridge 1967-72 NSF Camarade de Scientifique Etranger Senior, Cornell Université 1971 Lecteur dans Physique, Université de Cambridge 1972-74 Professeur de Physique, Université de Cambridge 1974- En visitant Professeur - Département d'Informatique, Wayne Expose Université, Detroit 1983 En visitant Professeur, Institut indien de Science, Bangalore 1984 En visitant Professeur, Université du Missouri-Rolla 1987 Récompenses (sentences) Nouveau Scientifique 1969 Société de Recherche 1969 Fritz Londres 1970 Médailles Guthrie (Institut de Physique) 1972 1972 Fourgon der Pol 1972 1972 Elliot Cresson (Franklin Institute) 1972 1972 Hughes (Société Royale) 1972 1972 Holweck (Institut de Physique et Institut français de Physique) 1972 1972 Faraday (Institution d'Ingénieurs électriciens) 1982 1982 Monsieur George Thomson (Institut de Mesure et Contrôle) 1984 1984

67. Ëàóðåàòû Íîáåëåâñêèõ ïðåìèé ïî ôèçèêå Alphabetical listing of nobel prize laureates in Physics. Name. Year Awarded. Jensen,J. Hans D. 1963. josephson, brian D. 1973. KamerlinghOnnes, Heike, 1913. http://orel.rsl.ru/archiv/nob_ph.htm

PHYSICS Alphabetical listing of Nobel prize laureates in Physics Nobel Prize in Physics Winners 1996-1901 Alphabetical listing of Nobel prize laureates in Physics Name Year Awarded Alfven, Hannes Alvarez, Luis W. Anderson, Carl David Anderson, Philip W. Appleton, Sir Edward Victor Bardeen, John Bardeen, John Barkla, Charles Glover Basov, Nicolay Gennadiyevich Becquerel, Antoine Henri Bednorz, J. Georg Bethe, Hans Albrecht Binnig, Gerd Blackett, Lord Patrick Maynard Stuart Bloch, Felix Bloembergen, Nicolaas Bohr, Aage Bohr, Niels Born, Max Bothe, Walther Bragg, Sir William Henry Bragg, Sir William Lawrence Brattain, Walter Houser Braun, Carl Ferdinand Bridgman, Percy Williams Brockhouse, Bertram N. Chadwick, Sir James Chamberlain, Owen Chandrasekhar, Subramanyan Charpak, Georges Cherenkov, Pavel Alekseyevich Chu, Steven Cockcroft, Sir John Douglas Cohen-Tannoudji, Claude Compton, Arthur Holly Cooper, Leon N. Curie, Marie Curie, Pierre Dalen, Nils Gustaf Davisson, Clinton Joseph De Broglie, Prince Louis-Victor De Gennes, Pierre-Gilles Dehmelt, Hans G.

68. The Quantum Basis Of Natural Intelligence? NonLocality , by brian D. josephson and Fotini Pallikari-Viras, available from CambridgeUniversity, United Kingdom. brian josephson is a nobel Prize winning http://www.dontveter.com/qi/papers.html

http://www.dontveter.com , commercial use is prohibited. This material cannot be quoted at length or posted elsewhere on the net or included in CD ROM collections. Short quotations are permitted provided proper attribution is given. But better yet, since I'm hardly an expert on the subject, don't quote me. Papers "A new theory of the relationship of mind and matter" by David Bohm, Philosophical Psychology , VOL. 3, NO. 2, 1990, pp. 271-286 available online from an individual on AOL. (There must be an original online source for this somewhere, if you find it let me know.) In this article Bohm reviews the problems with the Bohr/Copenhagen interpretation of QM especially via the two slit experiment and then goes on to show how his version of QM compares with it. A fairly easy read. "Learning in Protozoa" by PB Applewhite in Biochemistry and Physiology of Protozoa Volume 1 edited by M Levandowsky and SH Hunter, Academic Press, 341-355, 1979. "Tube Escape Behavior of Paramecia", by PB Applewhite and FT Gardner, in Behav Biol "Trial and Error Learning in Paramecium" by JW French in J Exp Psychol "Spiral Motion of Paramecium Caudatum in a small capillary Glass Tube" by K Fukui and H Asai in J Protozool Hameroff 1993, Stuart Hameroff, Judith E. Dayhoff, Rafael Lahoz-Beltra, Steen Rasmussen, Ezio M. Insinna and Djuro Koruga, "Nanoneurology and the Cytoskeleton: Quantum Signaling and Protein Conformational Dynamics as Cognitive Substrate", in

69. People.smu.edu/ereiman/physics/nobelprizes.txt nobel Prize Winners in Physics 1901 Wilhelm Roentgen for discovering X for discoveringtunneling in superconductors, and brian D. josephson for predicting http://people.smu.edu/ereiman/physics/nobelprizes.txt

Nobel Prize Winners in Physics: 1901 Wilhelm Roentgen for discovering X-rays (1895). 1902 Hendrik A. Lorentz for predicting the Zeeman effect and Pieter Zeeman for discovering the Zeeman effect, the splitting of spectral lines in magnetic fields. 1903 Antoine-Henri Becquerel for discovering radioactivity (1896) and Pierre and Marie Curie for studying radioactivity. 1904 Lord Rayleigh for studying the density of gases and discovering argon. 1905 Philipp Lenard for studying cathode rays, electrons (1898-1899). 1906 J.J. Thomson for studying electrical discharge through gases and discovering the electron (1897). 1907 Albert A. Michelson for inventing optical instruments and measuring the speed of light (1880s). 1908 Gabriel Lippmann for making the first color photographic plate, using interference methods (1891). 1909 Guglielmo Marconi and Carl Ferdinand Braun for developing wireless telegraphy. 1910 Johannes D. van der Waals for studying the equation of state for gases and liquids (1881). 1911 Wilhelm Wien for discovering Wien's law giving the peak of a blackbody spectrum (1893). 1912 Nils Dalen for inventing automatics gas regulators for lighthouses. 1913 Heike Kamerlingh Onnes for the discovery of superconductivity and liquefying helium (1908). 1914 Max T.F. von Laue for studying x-rays from their diffraction by crystals, showing that x-rays are electromagnetic waves (1912). 1915 William Henry Bragg and William Lawrence Bragg, his son, for studying the diffraction of x-rays in crystals. 1916 No prize in Physics was given. 1917 Charles Barkla for studying atoms by x-ray scattering (1906). 1918 Max Planck for discovering energy quanta. 1919 Johannes Stark, for discovering the Stark effect, the splitting of spectral lines in electric fields (1913). 1920 Charles-Edouard Guillaume for discovering invar, a nickel-steel alloy with low coefficient of expansion. 1921 Albert Einstein for explaining the photoelectric effect and for his services to theoretical physics (1905). 1922 Niels Bohr for his model of the atom and its readiation (1913). 1923 Robert A. Millikan for measuring the charge on an electron (1911) and for studying the photoelectric effect experimentally (1914). 1924 Karl M. G. Siegbahn for his work in x-ray spectroscopy. 1925 James Franck and Gustav Hertz for discovering the Franck-Hertz effect in electron-atom collisions. 1926 Jean-Baptiste Perrin for studying Brownian motion to validate the discontinuous structure of matter and measure the size of atoms. 1927 Arthur Holly Compton for discovering the Compton effect on x-rays, their change in wavelength when they collide with matter (1922), and Charles T. R. Wilson for inventing the cloud chamber, used to study charged particles (1906). 1928 Owen W. Richardson for studying the thermionic effect and electrons emitted by hot metals (1911). 1929 Louis Victor de Broglie for discovering the wave nature of electrons (1923). 1930 Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman for studying Raman scattering, the scattering of light by atoms and molecules with a change in wavelength (1928). 1931 No prize in Physics was given. 1932 Werner Heisenberg for creating quantum mechanics (1925). 1933 Erwin Schrodinger and Paul A. M. Dirac for developing wave mechanics (1925) and relativistic quantum mechanics (1927). 1934 No prize in Physics was given. 1935 James Chadwick for discovering the neutron (1932). 1936 Carl D. Anderson for discovering the positron in particular and antimatter in general (1932) and Victor F. Hess for discovering cosmic rays. 1937 Clinton Davisson and George Thomson for discovering the diffraction of electrons by crystals, confirming de Broglie's hypothesis (1927). 1938 Enrico Fermi for producing the transuranic radioactive elements by neutron irradiation (1934-1937). 1939 Ernest O. Lawrence for inventing the cyclotron. 1940 No prize in Physics was given. 1941 No prize in Physics was given. 1942 No prize in Physics was given. 1943 Otto Stern for developing molecular-beam studies (1923), and using them to discover the magnetic moment of the proton (1933). 1944 Isidor I. Rabi for discovering nuclear magnetic resonance in atomic and molecular beams. 1945 Wolfgang Pauli for discovering the exclusion principle (1924). 1946 Percy W. Bridgman for studying physics at high pressures. 1947 Edward V. Appleton for studying the ionosphere. 1948 Patrick M. S. Blackett for studying nuclear physics with cloud-chamber photographs of cosmic-ray interactions. 1949 Hideki Yukawa for predicting the existence of mesons (1935). 1950 Cecil F. Powell for developing the method of studying cosmic rays with photographic emulsions and discovering new mesons. 1951 Hohn D. Cockcroft and Ernest T. S. Walton for transmuting nuclei in an accelerator (1932). 1952 Felix Bloch and Edward Mills Purcell for discovering nuclear magnetic resonance in liquids and gases (1946). 1953 Frits Zernike for inventing the phase-contrast microscope, which uses interference to provide high contrast. 1954 Max Born for interpreting the wave function as a probability (1926) and other quantum-mechanical discoveries and Walther Bothe for developing the coincidence method to study subatomic particles (1930-1931), producing, in particular, the particle interpreted by Chadwick as the neutron. 1955 Willis E. Lamb, Jr., for discovering the Lamb shift in the hydrogen spectrum (1947) and Polykarp Kusch for determining the magnetic moment of the electron (1947). 1956 John Bardeen, Walter H. Brattain, and William Shockley for inventing the transistor (1956). 1957 T.-D. Lee and C.-N. Yang for predicting that partiy is not conserved in beta decay (1956). 1958 Pavel A. Cerenkov for discovering Cerenkov radiation (1935) and Ilya M. Frank and Igor Tamm for interpreting it (1937). 1959 Emilio G. Segre and Owen Chamberlain for discovering the antiproton (1955). 1960 Donald A. Glaser for inventing the bubble chamber to study elementary particles (1952). 1961 Robert Hofstadter for discovering internal structure in protons and neutrons and Rudolf L. Mossbauer for discovering the Mossbauer effect of recoilless gamma-ray emission (1957). 1962 Lev Davidovich Landau for studying liquid helium and other condensed matter theoretically. 1963 Eugene P. Wigner for applying symmetry principles to elementary-particle theory and Maria Goeppert Mayer and J. Hans D. Jensen for studying the shell model of nuclei (1947). 1964 Charles H. Townes, Nikolai G. Basov, and Alexandr M. Prokhorov for developing masers (1951-1952) and lasers. 1965 Sin-itiro Tomonaga, Julian S. Schwinger, and Richard P. Feynman for developing quantum electrodynamics (1948). 1966 Alfred Kastler for his optical methods of studying atomic energy levels. 1967 Hans Albrecht Bethe for discovering the routes of energy production in stars (1939). 1968 Luis W. Alvarez for discovering resonance states of elementary particles. 1969 Murray Gell-Mann for classifying elementary particles (1963). 1970 Hannes Alfven for developing magnetohydrodynamic theory and Louis Eugene Felix Neel for discovering antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism (1930s). 1971 Dennis Gabor for developing holography (1947). 1972 John Bardeen, Leon N. Cooper, and John Robert Schrieffer for explaining superconductivity (1957). 1973 Leo Esaki for discovering tunneling in semiconductors, Ivar Giaever for discovering tunneling in superconductors, and Brian D. Josephson for predicting the Josephson effect, which involves tunneling of paired electrons (1958-1962). 1974 Anthony Hewish for discovering pulsars and Martin Ryle for developing radio interferometry. 1975 Aage N. Bohr, Ben R. Mottelson, and James Rainwater for discovering why some nuclei take asymmetric shapes. 1976 Burton Richter and Samuel C. C. Ting for discovering the J/psi particle, the first charmed particle (1974). 1977 John H. Van Vleck, Nevill F. Mott, and Philip W. Anderson for studying solids quantum-mechanically. 1978 Arno A. Penzias and Robert W. Wilson for discovering the cosmic background radiation (1965) and Pyotr Kapitsa for his studies of liquid helium. 1979 Sheldon L. Glashow, Abdus Salam, and Steven Weinberg for developing the theory that unified the weak and electromagnetic forces (1958-1971). 1980 Val Fitch and James W. Cronin for discovering CP (charge-parity) violation (1964), which possibly explains the cosmological dominance of matter over antimatter. 1981 Nicolaas Bloembergen and Arthur L. Schawlow for developing laser spectroscopy and Kai M. Siegbahn for developing high-resolution electron spectroscopy (1958). 1982 Kenneth G. Wilson for developing a method of constructing theories of phase transitions to analyze critical phenomena. 1983 William A. Fowler for theoretical studies of astrophysical nucleosynthesis and Subramanyan Chandrasekhar for studying physical processes of importance to stellar structure and evolution, including the prediction of white dwarf stars (1930). 1984 Carlo Rubbia for discovering the W and Z particles, verifying the electroweak unification, and Simon van der Meer, for developing the method of stochastic cooling of the CERN beam that allowed the discovery (1982-1983). 1985 Klaus von Klitzing for the quantized Hall effect, relating to conductivity in the presence of a magnetic field (1980). 1986 Ernst Ruska for inventing the electron microscope (1931), and Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer for inventing the scanning-tunneling electron microscope (1981). 1987 J. Georg Bednorz and Karl Alex Muller for the discovery of high temperature superconductivity (1986). 1988 Leon M. Lederman, Melvin Schwartz, and Jack Steinberger for a collaborative experiment that led to the development of a new tool for studying the weak nuclear force, which affects the radioactive decay of atoms. 1989 Norman Ramsay (U.S.) for various techniques in atomic physics; and Hans Dehmelt (U.S.) and Wolfgang Paul (Germany) for the development of techniques for trapping single charge particles. 1990 Jerome Friedman, Henry Kendall (both U.S.), and Richard Taylor (Canada) for experiments important to the development of the quark model. 1991 Pierre-Gilles de Gennes for discovering that methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to more complex forms of matter, in particular to liquid crystals and polymers. 1992 George Charpak for developing detectors that trace the paths of evanescent subatomic particles produced in particle accelerators. 1993 Russell Hulse and Joseph Taylor for discovering evidence of gravitational waves. 1994 Bertram N. Brockhouse and Clifford G. Schull for pioneering work in neutron scattering.

70. Nobel Prize Winners : Physics nobel Prize Winners in Physics. Year, Article, Country*, Achievement. josephson,brian D. UK, tunneling in semiconductors and superconductors. http://www.emsb.qc.ca/laurenhill/science/nobelph.html

Nobel Prize Winners in Physics Year Article Country* Achievement Röntgen, Wilhelm Conrad Germany discovery of X rays Lorentz, Hendrik Antoon The Netherlands investigation of the influence of magnetism on radiation Zeeman, Pieter The Netherlands investigation of the influence of magnetism on radiation Becquerel, Henri France discovery of spontaneous radioactivity Curie, Marie France investigations of radiation phenomena discovered by Becquerel Curie, Pierre France investigations of radiation phenomena discovered by Becquerel Rayleigh (of Terling Place), John William Strutt, 3rd Baron U.K. discovery of argon Lenard, Philipp Germany research on cathode rays Thomson, Sir J.J. U.K. researches into electrical conductivity of gases Michelson, A.A. U.S. spectroscopic and metrological investigations Lippmann, Gabriel France photographic reproduction of colours Braun, Ferdinand Germany development of wireless telegraphy Marconi, Guglielmo Italy development of wireless telegraphy Waals, Johannes Diederik van der The Netherlands research concerning the equation of state of gases and liquids Wien, Wilhelm

71. Pietre Miliari Translate this page BCS. 1973. brian D. josephson vince il premio nobel per la fisicaper l'effetto che ormai era noto come effetto josephson. 1986. http://www.superconduttori.it/netpietre.html

Pietre miliari della Superconduttività Il fisico olandese H. K. Onnes scopre la superconduttività nel mercurio raffreddato a 4.2 K. H. K. Onnes vince il Premio Nobel per la Fisica per le sue ricerche sulle proprietà della materia a basse temperature. W. Meissner e R. Ochsenfeld scoprono quello che è oggi conosciuto come 'Effetto Meissner' Alcuni scienziati comunicano la superconduttività del nitrito di niobio (niobium nitride) a 16 K. Si scopre che il vanadium-3 silicon superconduce a 17.5 K. Si pubblica la prima teoria microscopica che spiega il meccanismo della superconduzione: la teoria BCS. Alla Westinghouse producono il primo filo superconduttore al niobio-titanio a scopo commerciale. John Bardeen, Leon Cooper e John Schrieffer vincono il Premio Nobel per la Fisica per la teoria BCS. Brian D. Josephson vince il premio Nobel per la fisica per l'effetto che ormai era noto come effetto Josephson I ricercatori dell'IBM Alex Muller e Georg Bednorz producono un composto ceramico a base di lantanio, bario, rame e ossigeno che superconduce a 35 K. I gruppi di scienziati dell'Università di Houston e di quella dell'Alabama ad Huntsville sostituiscono l'ittrio al lantanio e producono una ceramica che superconduce a 92 K. Questo risultato porta ormai la superconduttività a temperature superiori a quelle dell'azoto liquido (77 K).

72. Storia Della Superconduttività Translate this page Nel 1962, brian D. josephson, ricercatore all'Università di Cambridge, studiòdue superconduttori Nel 1973 josephson ricevette il premio nobel per la http://www.superconduttori.it/netstoria.html

La storia della Superconduttività La scoperta della Superconduttività risale al 1911. Da allora ha vissuto un lungo periodo in cui è rimasta confinata all'interno degli ambienti accademici pur continuando a dare un grande impulso alla fisica dello stato solido del Novecento. La necessità di raggiungere temperature prossime allo zero assoluto per ottenere la transizione da conduttore a superconduttore ne aveva precluso le enormi potenzialità e limitato l'uso a pochi campi. A partire dal 1986, la scoperta dei superconduttori ad alta temperatura di transizione (maggiore di 77 K, temperatura di liquefazione dell'azoto) ha permesso l'uso dei superconduttori in moltissime applicazioni tecnologiche. Momenti importanti Progressi nella refrigerazione a inizio secolo Scoperta della superconduzione Scoperta dell'Effetto Meissner Prime spiegazioni fenomenologiche (Ginzburg e Landau) Spiegazione microscopica: la teoria BCS Superconduttori di tipo I e di tipo II Vortici e reticolo di Abrikosov Effetto Josephson Scoperta dei superconduttori ad alta Tc (HTcS) Ultimi progressi Progressi nella refrigerazione a inizio secolo La strada verso la superconduttività fu aperta dallo studio sulla refrigerazione a basse temperature. I maggiori progressi in questo campo furono fatti alla fine del XIX secolo. Lo scopo principale della lunga carriera del fisico olandese Heike Kammerlingh Onnes fu quello di esplorare le bassissime temperature. Il 10 luglio 1908 egli riuscì nel formidabile compito di liquefare l'elio, ultimo tra i gas inerti a essere condensato, portandolo a 4 K. Quel giorno solo pochi millilitri di elio furono liquefatti da Onnes ma ciò aprì la strada all'esplorazione di regioni di temperatura precedentemente irraggiungibili.

73. NPQ in consultation with an extensive group of nobel prize winners Chemistry, 1988) FrancoisJacob (Physiology/Medicine, 1975) brian D. josephson (Physics, 1973 http://www.digitalnpq.org/global_services/nobel laureates/12.07.01.html

Today's date: NOBEL LAUREATES GLOBAL VIEWPOINT GLOBAL ECONOMIC VIEWPOINT EUROPEAN VIEWPOINT NOBEL LAUREATES EMBARGOED UNTIL DECEMBER 7, 2001 STOP GLOBAL WARMING BY STICKING TO CLIMATE TREATY; AVOID A WEAPONIZED WORLD BY STICKING TO ABM TREATY NOBEL LAUREATES ON 100TH ANNIVERSARY OF NOBEL PRIZE LOOK AT NEXT 100 YEARS EDITOR'S NOTE: One hundred fifty Nobel Laureates will gather in Stockholm, Sweden, and Oslo, Norway, on Dec. 7 for an unprecedented celebration marking the 100th anniversary of the Nobel Prize. The prize winners in physics, chemistry, medicine, literature and economics meet in Stockholm, where their prizes were awarded, and, correspondingly, the peace prize winners meet in Oslo. The more than 100 signatories to the attached statement have their own individual priorities in viewing the future, but all agree to this broad outline of the challenge facing humankind. Among scientists signing are Dr. Francis Crick (Physiology/Medicine, 1962), co-discoverer of the double-helix; Dr. Hans Bethe (Physics, 1967), discoverer of the source of the sun's energy; Dr. Charles Townes (Physics, 1964), co-discoverer of the laser, and Drs. Mario Molina (Chemistry, 1995) and Paul Crutzen (Chemistry, 1995), honored for their studies of the chemistry of the atmosphere and the ozone hole. Among literature winners Miss Nadine Gordimer (1991), and among peace prize winners Mr. Mikhail Gorbachev (1990) ,Archbishop Desmond Tutu (1984) and His Holiness the Dalai Lama (1989). The final signature was received from Mr. Gorbachev in Moscow, where he is hospitalized.)

74. FÝZÝK NOBEL ÖDÜLLERÝ FIZIK nobel ÖDÜLLERI. 1901. RÖNTGEN, WILHELM CONRAD. josephson,brian. D., Ingiletere, Cambridge Üniversitesi, Cambridge, d.1940 http://www.tubitak.gov.tr/nobel/fizik-nodul.html

FÝZÝK NOBEL ÖDÜLLERÝ RÖNTGEN, WILHELM CONRAD Almanya, Münih Üniversitesi, d.1845, ö.1923: “Sonradan adýyla anýlmaya baþlayacak olan önemli ýþýn tipini buluþuyla olanaklý kýldýðý üstün hizmetler için” LORENTZ, HENDRIK ANTOON Hollanda, Leyden Üniversitesi, d.1853, ö. 1928 ZEEMAN, PIETER Hollanda, Amsterdam Üniversitesi, d.1865, ö. 1943: “Manyetizmanýn radyasyon üzerine etkileri konusundaki çalýþmalarýyla verdikleri üstün hizmetler için” BECQUEREL, ANTOINE HENRI Fransa, Ecole Polytechnique, Paris, d.1852, ö.1908: “Kendiliðinden radyoaktiflik olgusunu keþfiyle saðladýðý üstün hizmetler için” CURIE, PIERRE Fransa, Ecole municipale de physique et de chimie industrielles, Paris, d.1859, ö. 1906; ve eþi: CURIE i MARIE, nee SKLODOWSKA Fransa, d.1867 (Varþova, Polonya), ö.1934: “Profesör Henri Becquerel tarafýndan bulunan radyasyon olgusu üzerine yaptýklarý ortak çalýþmalarla saðladýklarý üstün hizmetler için” RAYLEIGH, Lord (J. W. STRUTT) Ýngiltere, Royal Institution, Londra, d.1842, ö.1919: “Önemli gazlarýn çoðunun yoðunluklarýný buluþu ve bu çalýþmalarý sýrasýnda argonu keþfediþi için” LENARD, PHILIPP EDUARD ANTON

75. [ALEPH] Royal Mail's Nobel Guru In Telepathy Row Translate this page D'où un timbre où est écrit que les avancées de la physique finiront par prouverl'existence de la télépathie (c'est le prix nobel brian josephson qui a http://archives.liste-aleph.org/ml/aleph-200110/msg00000.html

Date Prev Date Next Thread Prev Thread Next ... Thread Index [ALEPH] Royal Mail's Nobel guru in telepathy row To aleph@ml.free.fr Subject : [ALEPH] Royal Mail's Nobel guru in telepathy row From greguti@free.fr Date : Tue, 02 Oct 2001 08:10:34 +0200 Delivered-To : online.fr-kibosh@free.fr Delivered-To : aleph@ml.free.fr Reply-To aleph@ml.free.fr Sender aleph-owner@ml.free.fr User-Agent Bonjour à tous, Des timbres édités par la Poste anglaise crééent la polémique. Ils célèbrent le Prix Nobel, et pour l'occasion il a été demandé à plusieurs prix Nobel de donner une petite phrase sur les retombées futures de leurs recherches. D'où un timbre où est écrit que les avancées de la physique finiront par prouver l'existence de la télépathie (c'est le prix Nobel Brian Josephson qui a indiqué cette idée). Des scientifiques anglais se dressent contre cette "absurdité", et notamment David Deutsch, de l'université d'Oxford : "C'est délirant, la télépathie n'existe tout simplement pas. La Poste anglaise s'est laissée ridiculiser en supportant des idées qui sont des non-sens complets !". Le reste ci-dessous en anglais, et sur le Net à cette adresse : http://www.observer.co.uk/uk_news/story/0,6903,560604,00.html

76. Nobel Prize For Physics nobel Prize for Physics. For years not listed, no award was made. 1901. 1973. IvarGiaever (US), Leo Esaki (Japan), and brian D. josephson (UK), for theories http://homepages.shu.ac.uk/~acsdry/quizes/physics.htm

Nobel Prize for Physics For years not listed, no award was made. Wilhelm K. Roentgen (Germany), for discovery of Roentgen rays Hendrik A. Lorentz and Pieter Zeeman (Netherlands), for work on influence of magnetism upon radiation A. Henri Becquerel (France), for work on spontaneous radioactivity; and Pierre and Marie Curie (France), for study of radiation John Strutt (Lord Rayleigh) (U.K.), for discovery of argon in investigating gas density Philipp Lenard (Germany), for work with cathode rays Sir Joseph Thomson (U.K.), for investigations on passage of electricity through gases Albert A. Michelson (U.S.), for spectroscopic and metrologic investigations Gabriel Lippmann (France), for method of reproducing colors by photography Guglielmo Marconi (Italy) and Ferdinand Braun (Germany), for development of wireless Johannes D. van der Waals (Netherlands), for work with the equation of state for gases and liquids Wilhelm Wien (Germany), for his laws governing the radiation of heat Heike Kamerlingh-Onnes (Netherlands), for work leading to production of liquid helium Max von Laue (Germany), for discovery of diffraction of Roentgen rays passing through crystals

77. IBM Press Room-Leo Esaki-Biography networks. Dr. Esaki shared the 1973 nobel Prize with physicists IvarGiaever of Norway and brian D. josephson of Great Britain. http://www-916.ibm.com/press/prnews.nsf/html/bios_lesaki.html

Home My account Select a country Press room ... Feedback Press room search Select one Press releases Photos Contacts Leo Esaki Leo Esaki was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1973 for his discovery of tunneling in semiconductors. Tunneling is a quantum mechanical effect in which an electron passes through a potential barrier even though classical theory predicted that it could not. Dr. Esaki's discovery led to the creation of the Esaki diode, an important component of solid state physics with practical applications in high-speed circuits found in computers and communications networks. Dr. Esaki shared the 1973 Nobel Prize with physicists Ivar Giaever of Norway and Brian D. Josephson of Great Britain. The Nobel Prize recognized achievements by Dr. Esaki while working as a researcher at Sony Corp. from 1956 to 1960. He joined IBM in 1960 as a researcher at the Thomas J. Watson Research Center in Yorktown Heights, N.Y., and was named an IBM Fellow in 1965. Born on March 12, 1925 in Osaka, Japan, Dr. Esaki was educated at the University of Tokyo, where he received his bachelor's degree in 1947 and his doctorate degree in 1959. Before joining Sony, he spent nine years as a researcher at Kobe Kogyo Corp. in Japan.

78. Origin Of Constant's Names - Állandók Nevének Eredete quotient) (2e/h ), brian D(avid) josephson, (Jan. 4, 1940, Cardiff, Glamorgan,Wales ) . Angol fizikus; English physicist. nobel Prize in Physics for 1973. http://indykfi.atomki.hu/indyKFI/MT/orig_con.htm

Language: Hungarian , English (constants) Avogadro constant) (N A Amadeo Avogadro, ... di Quaregna e Ceretto June 9, 1776 July 9, 1856 ; Italian physicist and chemist Faraday constant)(F Michael Faraday Sep. 22, 1791, in the country village of Newington, Surrey, now a part of South London Aug. 25, 1867, and was buried in Highgate Cemetery, London) English physicist and chemist Boltzmann constant) (k Ludwig Boltzmann Feb.20, 1844 in Vienna, Austria Oct. 5, 1906 in Duino (near Trieste), Austria (now Italy) Austrian physicist Loschmidt constant) (n Josef Loschmidt May 15, 1821, Putschin, Bohemia, Austrian Empire [now in Czech Republic] July 8, 1895, Vienna, Austria). Austrian chemist Stefan-Boltzmann constant) ( s Josef Stefan March 24, 1835 in St Peter (near Klagenfurt), Austria Jan. 7, 1893 in Vienna, Austria Austrian physicist Ludwig Boltzmann Feb.20, 1844 in Vienna, Austria Oct. 5, 1906 in Duino (near Trieste), Austria (now Italy) Austrian physicist Wien displacement law constant) (b Wilhelm Carl Werner Otto Fritz Franz Wien Jan. 13, 1864 in Gaffken, Prussia (now Germany Aug. 30, 1928 in Munich, Germany

79. HTML REDIRECT nobel Lecture Autobiography (in English) Biography (in German) Obituary from the andthe other half awarded to josephson, brian D., Great Britain, b. 1940 (in http://www.slac.stanford.edu/library/nobel.html

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80. Beyond September 11 - was held to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the nobel Prize Huber Chemistry, 1988Francois Jacob Physiology/Medicine, 1975 brian D. josephson Physics, 1973 http://www.emu.edu/ctp/bse-100nobel.html

Articles Other websites Media critique CTP News ... CTP Home Statement of 100 Nobel Laureates 100 Nobel laureates, during the Nobel Peace Prize Centennial Symposium held in Oslo, Norway on December 7, 2001, released the following statement. The symposium was held to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the Nobel Prize. Their statement is actually a warning that predicts the dependence of world security on environmental and social reforms, which must take place immediately. Peace in the world may only have a chance if we, "the wealthy few," heed this warning. THE STATEMENT The most profound danger to world peace in the coming years will stem not from the irrational acts of states or individuals but from the legitimate demands of the world's dispossessed. Of these poor and disenfranchised, the majority live a marginal existence in equatorial climates. Global warming, not of their making but originating with the wealthy few, will affect their fragile ecologies most. Their situation will be desperate and manifestly unjust. It cannot be expected, therefore, that in all cases they will be content to await the beneficence of the rich. If then we permit the devastating power of modern weaponry to spread through this combustible human landscape, we invite a conflagration that can engulf both rich and poor. The only hope for the future lies in co-operative international action, legitimized by democracy.

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