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41. CBS News | Americans Win Nobel For Medicine | December 13, 1999 05:18:45
Cormack of the United States and sir godfrey hounsfield may not of the death of AlfredNobel, the industrialist Press At UN • US To Resume N. Korea Flights
http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/1998/10/12/world/main19746.shtml
Home America At War U.S. World ... CBS News i-Video December 13, 1999 05:18:45 The Early Show CBS Evening News 48 Hours 60 Minutes ...
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Americans Win Nobel for Medicine
STOCKHOLM, Sweden
Winners, generally not known outside the medical community, have made discoveries that sound small on paper but carry large consequences.
(AP) Robert F. Furchgott, Louis J. Ignarro and Ferid Murad of the United States won the Nobel Medicine Prize today for discoveries that shed light on the cardiovascular system.
They discovered how nitric oxide acts as a signal molecule for the body's blood vessels, a breakthrough with applications ranging from hardening of the arteries to impotence.
Understanding how nitric oxide transmits the signals has sparked research on a wide range of new drugs, including those that can be used in the treatment of heart problems, atherosclerosis, shock and impotence.
Louis J. Ignarro Because of their work, "we know today that nitric oxide acts as a signal molecule in the nervous system, as a weapon against infections and as a regulator of blood pressure," said the citation from the Karolinska lnstitute.

42. Letter-Appeal
Translate this page Nel mondo civile e avanzato, il confronto nasce Gerard HOOFT 1999 Premio nobel perla Chimica sir godfrey hounsfield 1979 Premio nobel in Medicina (Regno Unito
http://coranet.radicalparty.org/luca/appeal_i.php
MANDA UN MESSAGGIO A SOSTEGNO DELLA CANDIDATURA DI LUCA LEGGI I MESSAGGI INVIATI DAI NAVIGANTI ALTRE INFORMAZIONI SU LUCA COSCIONI ...
Lista Scienziati (versione per la stampa)
Appello a sostegno della candidatura radicale di Luca Coscioni Totale firmatari (512)
Ultimi firmatari William D. PHILLIPS
1997 Premio Nobel per la Fisica (USA)
Leggi la lettera
Robert F. CURL
1996 Premio Nobel per la Chimica (USA)
Leggi la lettera
David PHILLIPS
Capo del Dipartimento di Chimica, "Imperial College" (Regno Unito)
Leggi la lettera
Valdimir BUKOVSKY
Professore a Cambridge, dissidente (Russia)
Leggi la lettera
Murty CHALLA Scienziato, Computer Sciences Corp (USA) Leggi la lettera Irene GENDZIER Professore di Scienze Politiche, "Boston University" (USA) Leggi la lettera Ascensión CAMBRÓN Professore di Diritto Costituzionale, "Universidad de A licante" (Spagna) Leggi la lettera Pablo GONZALEZ ESPESO Professore di Fisica, "Universidad de Salamanca" (Spagna) Leggi la lettera Gabrio SUPERTI FURGA Professore of Elettronica, Dipartimento di Elettronica, Politecnico di Milano (Italia)

43. Nobel Prizes (table)
International, Ilya Prigogine, Philip W. Anderson sir Nevill F L. Glashow AbdusSalam, Allan Macleod Cormack godfrey Newbold hounsfield, Odysseus Elytis.
http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/sci/A0835783.html

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Newsletter You've got info! Help Site Map Visit related sites from: Family Education Network Encyclopedia Nobel Prizes Year Peace Chemistry Physics Physiology or Medicine Literature J. H. van't Hoff W. C. Roentgen E. A. von Behring R. F. A. Sully-Prudhomme Emil Fischer H. A. Lorentz Pieter Zeeman Sir Ronald Ross Theodor Mommsen Sir William R. Cremer S. A. Arrhenius A. H. Becquerel Pierre Curie Marie S. Curie N. R. Finsen Institute of International Law Sir William Ramsay J. W. S. Rayleigh Ivan P. Pavlov Baroness Bertha von Suttner Adolf von Baeyer Philipp Lenard Robert Koch Henryk Sienkiewicz Theodore Roosevelt Henri Moissan Sir Joseph Thomson E. T. Moneta Louis Renault Eduard Buchner A. A. Michelson C. I. A. Laveran Rudyard Kipling K. P. Arnoldson Fredrik Bajer

44. Nobel Prize For Physiology Or Medicine
1955 Axel Hugo Theodor Theorell (*1903, +1982) Sweden, nobel Medical Institute USA,Tufts University, Medford, MA, and sir godfrey N. hounsfield (*1919) Great
http://lem.ch.unito.it/chemistry/nobel_medicine.html
Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine
This directory is compiled and maintained by Carlo Nervi and Mauro Ravera
Feedback cheerfully accepted.
Last updated ( or ): 21 January 1998
Emil Adolf Von Behring
Germany, Marburg University,
"for his work on serum therapy, especially its application against diphtheria, by which he has opened a new road in the domain of medical science and thereby placed in the hands of the physician a victorious weapon against illness and deaths"
Sir Ronald Ross (*1857 in Almora, India, +1932)
Great Britain, University College, Liverpool,
"for his work on malaria, by which he has shown how it enters the organism and thereby has laid the foundation for successful resesarch on this disease and methods of combating it"
Niels Rydberg Finsen (*1860 in Thorshavn, Faroe Islands, +1904)
Denmark, Finsen Medical Light Institute, Copenhagen,
"in recognition of his contribution to the treatment of diseases, especially lupus vulgaris, with concentrated light radiation, whereby he has opened a new avenue for medical science" Ivan Petrovich Pavlov Russia, Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg

45. Nobel Prizes In Medicine
THE nobel PRIZE IN PHYSIOLOGY OR MEDICINE 1979 The prize was Medford, MA, * 1924 (inJohannesburg, South Africa); and hounsfield, sir godfrey N., Great Britain
http://felix.unife.it/Root/d-Medicine/d-The-physician/t-Nobel-prizes-medicine
Nobel prizes in Medicine

46. Nobel Laureates - [Medicine]
nobel Laureates, Physiology Medicine. 1979 The prize was awarded jointly to ALANM. CORMACK and sir godfrey N. hounsfield for the development of computer
http://www.nobel.1001designs.com/medicine.html
The prize was awarded to:
The prize was awarded jointly to:
ROBERT F. FURCHGOTT, LOUIS J. IGNARRO and FERID MURAD for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system.
STANLEY B. PRUSINER for his discovery of Prions - a new biological principle of infection.
The prize was awarded jointly to:
PETER C. DOHERTY and ROLF M. ZINKERNAGEL for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence.
The prize was awarded jointly to:
EDWARD B. LEWIS, CHRISTIANE NÜSSLEIN-VOLHARD and ERIC F. WIESCHAUS for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development.
The prize was awarded jointly to:
ALFRED G. GILMAN and MARTIN RODBELL for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells.
The prize was awarded jointly to: RICHARD J. ROBERTS and PHILLIP A. SHARP for their independent discoveries of split genes. The prize was awarded jointly to: EDMOND H. FISCHER and EDWIN G. KREBS for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism. The prize was awarded jointly to: ERWIN NEHER and BERT SAKMANN for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells.

47. Nobel Prices Related To Neuroscience
1970 sir Bernard Katz (Great Britain), Ulf von Euler (Sweden) and Julius Axelrod(USA) for 1979 Allan M Cormack and godfrey Newbold hounsfield for the
http://www.biomag.helsinki.fi/braincourse/nobelneuroscience.html
To BioMag home page
Nobel prices related to neuroscience
1973 Physics: Brian David Josephson (Great Britain) "for his theoretical predictions of theproperties of a supercurrent through a barrier, in particular those phenomena which are generally known as the Josephson effects" 1991 Erwin Neher (Germany) Bert Sakmann (Germany) "for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells" Alfred G. Gilman (USA) Martin Rodbell (USA) "for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells" Send comments to Risto Ilmoniemi ( rji@biomag.helsinki.fi
BioMag Laboratory, Helsinki University Central Hospital
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http://www.biomag.helsinki.fi

48. USATODAY.com - More Than Two Decades Of Nobel Prize Winners In Medicine
1988 sir James W. Black, Britain, research that led to betablocker 1979 AllanM. Cormack, United States, and godfrey N. hounsfield, Britain, development
http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2002-10-07-nobel-list_x.htm
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10/07/2002 - Updated 08:04 AM ET More than two decades of Nobel Prize winners in medicine Recent winners of the Nobel Prize in medicine or physiology, and their research, according to the Nobel Foundation: Sydney Brenner and John E. Sulston, Britain; H. Robert Horvitz, United States; for discoveries concerning how genes regulate organ development and a process of programmed cell death. Leland H. Hartwell, United States; R. Timothy (Tim) Hunt and Sir Paul M. Nurse, Britain; for discovering key regulators of the process that lets cells divide, which is expected to lead to new cancer treatments. Arvid Carlsson, Sweden; Paul Greengard and Eric R. Kandel, United States; for research on how brain cells transmit signals to each other, thus increasing understanding on how the brain functions and how neurological and psychiatric disorders may be better treated. Guenter Blobel, United States, for protein research that shed new light on diseases, including cystic fibrosis and early development of kidney stones.

49. Nobel Laureates Call For Action On Global Warming At The Kyoto Climate Summit
Chemistry 1981 * godfrey hounsfield, UK. Physiology/Medicine 1954 * Torsten N. Wiesel,USA. VicePresident, Russian Academy of Sciences * sir Michael Atiyah
http://dieoff.org/page123.htm
Home
WORLD SCIENTISTS' CALL FOR ACTION
AT THE KYOTO CLIMATE SUMMIT
Five years ago, in the World Scientists' Warning to Humanity , 1600 of the world's senior scientists sounded an unprecedented warning: Human activities inflict harsh and often irreversible damage on the environment and on critical resources. If not checked, many of our current practices put at serious risk the future that we wish for human society and the plant and animal kingdoms. Addressed to political, industrial, religious, and scientific leaders, the Warning demonstrated that the scientific community had reached a consensus that grave threats imperil the future of humanity and the global environment. However, over four years have passed, and progress has been woefully inadequate. Some of the most serious problems have worsened. Invaluable time has been squandered because so few leaders have risen to the challenge. The December 1997 Climate Summit in Kyoto, Japan, presents a unique opportunity. The world's political leaders can demonstrate a new commitment to the protection of the environment. The goal is to strengthen the 1992 Framework Convention on Climate Change by agreeing to effective controls on human practices affecting climate. This they can and must do, primarily by augmenting the Convention's voluntary measures with legally binding commitments to reduce industrial nations' emissions of heat-trapping gases significantly below 1990 levels in accordance with a near-term timetable.

50. Nobel Prize For Medicine
1970. Julius Axelrod (US), Ulf S. von Euler (Sweden), and sir Bernard Katz (UK),for Allan McLeod Cormack (US) and godfrey Newbold hounsfield (UK), for
http://homepages.shu.ac.uk/~acsdry/quizes/medicine.htm
Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine For years not listed, no award was made. Emil A. von Behring (Germany), for work on serum therapy against diphtheria Sir Ronald Ross (U.K.), for work on malaria Niels R. Finsen (Denmark), for his treatment of lupus vulgaris with concentrated light rays Ivan P. Pavlov (U.S.S.R.), for work on the physiology of digestion Robert Koch (Germany), for work on tuberculosis Charles L. A. Laveran (France), for work with protozoa in the generation of disease Paul Ehrlich (Germany) and Elie Metchnikoff (U.S.S.R.), for work on immunity Theodor Kocher (Switzerland), for work on the thyroid gland Albrecht Kossel (Germany), for achievements in the chemistry of the cell Allvar Gullstrand (Sweden), for work on the dioptrics of the eye Alexis Carrel (France), for work on vascular ligature and grafting of blood vessels and organs Charles Richet (France), for work on anaphylaxy Jules Bordet (Belgium), for discoveries in connection with immunity August Krogh (Denmark), for discovery of regulation of capillaries' motor mechanism In1923, the1922 prize was shared by Archibald V. Hill (U.K.), for discovery relating to heat-production in muscles; and Otto Meyerhof (Germany), for correlation between consumption of oxygen and production of lactic acid in muscles

51. Result Of Desired Function
Medicine 1979, CORMACK, ALLAN M. -hounsfield, sir godfrey N. for the Physiologyor Medicine 1988, -BLACK, sir JAMES W Medicine 1995, -LEWIS, EDWARD B. -N?SLEIN
http://www.tmmu.com.cn/jcb/mianyi/sub/shengwu/nobel/www.nobel.se/cgi-bin/laureat
Prize Laureate Motivation Physiology or Medicine 1901 VON BEHRING, EMIL ADOLF
"for his work on serum therapy, especially its application against diphtheria, by which he has opened a new road in the domain of medical science and thereby placed in the hands of the physician a victorious weapon against illness and deaths" Physiology or Medicine 1902 ROSS, Sir RONALD
"for his work on malaria, by which he has shown how it enters the organism and thereby has laid the foundation for successful research on this disease and methods of combating it" Physiology or Medicine 1903 FINSEN, NIELS RYBERG
"in recognition of his contribution to the treatment of diseases, especially lupus vulgaris, with concentrated light radiation, whereby he has opened a new avenue for medical science" Physiology or Medicine 1904 PAVLOV, IVAN PETROVICH
"in recognition of his work on the physiology of digestion, through which knowledge on vital aspects of the subject has been transformed and enlarged" Physiology or Medicine 1905 KOCH, ROBERT
"for his investigations and discoveries in relation to tuberculosis" Physiology or Medicine 1906 GOLGI, CAMILLO

52. Nobel Prizes: Physiology & Medicine And Chemistry
1970 Julius Axelrod (US), Ulf S. von Euler (Sweden), and sir Bernard Katz 1979 AllanMcLeod Cormack (US) and godfrey Newbold hounsfield (England), for
http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/255/255hist/nobelprize.htm
The Nobel Prize is an award, established and endowed by the will of Alfred Nobel, given annually for outstanding achievement in one of five fields. By the terms of Nobel's will, the physics and chemistry prizes are judged by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences; the physiology or medicine prize, by Sweden's Royal Caroline Medico-Chirurgical Institute; the literature prize, by the Swedish Academy; and the peace prize, by a committee of the Norwegian parliament. Physiology or Medicine (1901-2001)
1901 Emil A. von Behring (Germany), for work on serum therapy against diphtheria 1902 Sir Ronald Ross (England), for work on malaria 1903 Niels R. Finsen (Denmark), for his treatment of lupus vulgaris with concentrated light rays 1904 Ivan P. Pavlov (U.S.S.R.), for work on the physiology of digestion 1905 Robert Koch (Germany), for work on tuberculosis 1906 Camillo Golgi (Italy) and Santiago Ramón y Cajal (Spain), for work on structure of the nervous system 1907 Charles L. A. Laveran (France), for work with protozoa in the generation of disease 1908 Paul Ehrlich (Germany), and Elie Metchnikoff (U.S.S.R.), for work on immunity

53. 1979 NOBLE Awards
MEDICINE, Allan M. Cormack, godfrey N. hounsfield. PEACE, Mother Teresa. ECONOMICS,Theodore W. Schultz, sir Arthur Lewis. Enter Artist/Album. Partner Sites.
http://www.123awards.com/NOBEL/1979.asp
hardwork is paid in form of awards 1979 OTHER - NOBLE Awards CHEMISTRY Herbert C. Brown Georg Wittig LITERATURE Odysseus Elytis PHYSICS Sheldon Lee Glashow Abdus Salam Steven Weinberg MEDICINE Allan M. Cormack Godfrey N. Hounsfield PEACE Mother Teresa ECONOMICS Theodore W. Schultz Sir Arthur Lewis Enter Artist/Album
Partner Sites
Stardose.com RealLyrics.com OnlyHitLyrics.com Biography Search Engine ... privacy

54. History Of The Nobel Prize
Andrew Fielding Huxley 1970, Physiology or Medicine, sir Bernard Katz Nikolaas Tinbergen1979, Physiology or Medicine, godfrey N. hounsfield 1982, Physiology
http://www.uk.emb.gov.au/CURRENT_AFFAIRS/british_news/Science and Technology/his
History of the Nobel Prize
Alfred Bernhard Nobel was born in Stockholm in 1833, grew up in St. Petersburg, Russia, lived the greater part of his life in Paris, and died in San Remo, Italy, in 1896.
A physicist and businessman, he invented dynamite in 1866. There were many uses for this new product. The invention made blasting tunnels, building roads and dams much faster and easier. Alfred Nobel went on to manufacture dynamite and made a fortune selling it worldwide.
There are five Nobel Prizes awarded annually; Physiology or Medicine, Physics, Chemistry, Literature and Peace.
(Source: SIMR (Seriously ill for Medical Research) Website)
2) Relevant extract from Alfred Nobel's Will
The whole of my remaining realizable estate shall be dealt with in the following way: the capital, invested in safe securities by my executors, shall constitute a fund, the interest on which shall be annually distributed in the form of prizes to those who, during the preceding year, shall have conferred the greatest benefit on mankind. The said interest shall be divided into five equal parts, which shall be apportioned as follows:
3) List of British Winners
1904, Physics, Lord (John William Strutt) Rayleigh

55. History Of Neuroscience
Cajalnobel Prize-Structure of the Nervous System 1906 - sir Charles S share nobelPrize for work on neurotransmitters 1972 - godfrey N. hounsfield develops x
http://www.soton.ac.uk/~jrc3/chudler/hist.html
Milestones in Neuroscience Research Some of the best references for the events that document the history of the neurosciences are:
  • A.K. Afifi and R.A. Bergman, Functional Neuroanatomy , New York: McGraw-Hill, 1998. The margins of this text are filled with historical facts about the origins of neuroanatomical structures and discoveries.
  • M.R. Bennett, The early history of the synapse: From Plato to Sherrington, Brain Research Bulletin
  • M.A.B. Brazier. A History of the Electrical Activity of the Brain , London: Pitman, 1961.
  • M.A.B. Brazier. A History of Neurophysiology in the 19th Century , New York: Raven Press, 1988.
  • E. Clarke and K. Dewhurst. An Illustrated History of Brain Function , Berkeley: University of California Press, 1972.
  • E. Clarke and C.D. O'Malley. The Human Brain and Spinal Cord , Berkeley: University of California Press, 1968.
  • S. Finger. Origins of Neuroscience , New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.
  • S. Finger. Minds Behind the Brain: A History of the Pioneers and Their Discoveries , New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.
  • R.L. Francis.
  • 56. Nobel Prize In Physiology Or Medicine Winners 2002-1901
    nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Winners 20001901 Back. 2000 The prize wasawarded to, DISCOVERIES. ALAN M. CORMACK and sir godfrey N. hounsfield.
    http://gist.ap.nic.in/health/nobel.html
    Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Winners 2002-1901 Back The prize was awarded to DISCOVERIES S YDNEY B RENNER
    H. ROBERT H ORRITZ
    and J OHN E.S ULSTON Genetic Regulation of organ development and programmed cell death The prize was awarded to DISCOVERIES L ELAND H.H ARTWELL
    R.T IMOTHY H UNT
    and S IR P AUL M. N URSE Key regulators of the cell cycle The prize was awarded to DISCOVERIES A RVID C ARLSSON
    P AUL G REENGARD
    and E RIC K ANDEL Signal transduction in the nervous system The prize was awarded to DISCOVERIES G B LOBEL for the discovery that proteins have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell.
    The prize was awarded jointly to DISCOVERIES R OBERT F F URCHGOTT L OUIS J I GNARRO
    and F ERID M URAD for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system.
    The prize was awarded to DISCOVERIES S TANLEY B P RUSINER for his discovery of Prions - a new biological principle of infection
    The prize was awarded jointly to DISCOVERIES P ETER C D OHERTY and R OLF M Z INKERNAGEL for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence.

    57. Godfrey N. Hounsfield - Autobiography
    godfrey N. hounsfield – Autobiography. I way. In company I enjoy livelywayout discussions. From Les Prix nobel 1979.
    http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/1979/hounsfield-autobio.html
    I was born and brought up near a village in Nottinghamshire and in my childhood enjoyed the freedom of the rather isolated country life. After the first world war, my father had bought a small farm, which became a marvellous playground for his five children. My two brothers and two sisters were all older than I and, as they naturally pursued their own more adult interests, this gave me the advantage of not being expected to join in, so I could go off and follow my own inclinations.
    During this time I was learning the hard way many fundamentals in reasoning. This was all at the expense of my schooling at Magnus Grammar School in Newark, where they tried hard to educate me but where I responded only to physics and mathematics with any ease and moderate enthusiasm.
    Aeroplanes interested me and at the outbreak of the second world war I joined the RAF as a volunteer reservist. I took the opportunity of studying the books which the RAF made available for Radio Mechanics and looked forward to an interesting course in Radio. After sitting a trade test I was immediately taken on as a Radar Mechanic Instructor and moved to the then RAF-occupied Royal College of Science in South Kensington and later to Cranwell Radar School. At Cranwell, in my spare time, I sat and passed the City and Guilds examination in Radio Communications. While there I also occupied myself in building large-screen oscilloscope and demonstration equipment as aids to instruction, for which I was awarded the Certificate of Merit.

    58. Medicine 1979
    The nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1979. for the development ofcomputer assisted tomography . Allan M. Cormack, godfrey N. hounsfield.
    http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/1979/
    The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1979
    "for the development of computer assisted tomography" Allan M. Cormack Godfrey N. Hounsfield 1/2 of the prize 1/2 of the prize USA United Kingdom Tufts University
    Medford, MA, USA Central Research Laboratories, EMI
    London, United Kingdom b. 1924
    (in Johannesburg, South Africa)
    d. 1998 b. 1919 The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1979
    Press Release

    Presentation Speech
    Allan M. Cormack ...
    Nobel Lecture
    The 1979 Prize in:
    Physics

    Chemistry

    Physiology or Medicine
    Literature ... Economic Sciences Find a Laureate: Last modified June 16, 2000 The Official Web Site of The Nobel Foundation

    59. Search Results For Scan - Encyclopædia Britannica - The Online Encyclopedia You
    hounsfield, sir godfrey Newbold English electrical engineer who shared the 1979 NobelPrize for Physiology or Medicine with godfrey N. hounsfield, 1979.
    http://search.britannica.com/search?query=scan&fuzzy=N&ct=eb&start=8&show=10

    60. The Development Of Technology And It's Influence On Nuclear Medicine, 1960-69
    Figure 13 sir godfrey hounsfield 19. algorithms were developed for tomography by godfreyN. hounsfield in 1967 Both Cormack and hounsfield were awarded the 1979
    http://www.angelfire.com/nm2/nucmed/Page4.html
    The Development of Technology and Its Influence on Nuclear Medicine
    by Tess Hughes
    The integrated circuit or chip was commercially produced in and used in 'Third Generation Computers' by . Because these computers were smaller and cheaper, they became obtainable for the small business or hospital, rather than only for government or research applications. Their cost and size still rendered them impractical for personal use, however. Also in , Kuhl and Edwards presented the first tomographic images from detectors mounted around a patient's head, but these were of poor quality and the technique was not widely accepted.
    In the same year, Alan M. Cormack, a nuclear physicist, developed mathematical algorithms to calculate internal attenuation values. This was also not acknowledged by the scientific community.
    Figure 10
    Alan Cormack
    Figure 11
    Construction of a gamma camera. By the gamma camera had been accepted and was being manufactured commercially. Marketing competition fuelled development. In , Gordon Moore made a prediction that the number of components of an integrated circuit, would double every year for another decade. This would mean an amazing 65,000 components per chip by

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