1. Edmond H. Fischer Winner Of The 1992 Nobel Prize In Medicine edmond H. fischer, a nobel Prize Laureate in Physiology and Medicine, at the nobelPrize Internet Archive. edmond H. fischer. 1992 nobel Laureate in Medicine http://almaz.com/nobel/medicine/1992a.html

E DMOND H F ISCHER 1992 Nobel Laureate in Medicine for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism. Background Born: 1920 Place of Birth: Shanghai, China Residence: U.S.A. Affiliation: University of Washington, Seattle WA Featured Internet Links Prize co-recipient: Edwin G. Krebs Search WWW Search The Nobel Prize Internet Archive Links added by Nobel Internet Archive visitors Genbrain Biosystem Network Back to The Nobel Prize Internet Archive Literature Peace ... Medicine We always welcome your feedback and comments

2. Index Of Nobel Laureates In Medicine ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF nobel PRIZE LAUREATES IN PHYSIOLOGY AND MEDICINE.Name, Year Awarded. Finsen, Niels Ryberg, 1903. fischer, edmond H. 1992. http://almaz.com/nobel/medicine/alpha.html

ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF NOBEL PRIZE LAUREATES IN PHYSIOLOGY AND MEDICINE Name Year Awarded Adrian, Lord Edgar Douglas Arber, Werner Axelrod, Julius Baltimore, David ... Medicine We always welcome your feedback and comments

3. Medicine 1992 The nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1992. edmond H. fischer, Edwin G.Krebs. 1/2 of the prize, 1/2 of the prize. Switzerland and USA, USA. http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/1992/

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1992 "for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism" Edmond H. Fischer Edwin G. Krebs 1/2 of the prize 1/2 of the prize Switzerland and USA USA University of Washington Seattle, WA, USA University of Washington Seattle, WA, USA b. 1920 (in Shanghai, China) b. 1918 The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1992 Press Release Presentation Speech Illustrated Presentation ... Nobel Lecture The 1992 Prize in: Physics Chemistry Physiology or Medicine Literature ... Economic Sciences Find a Laureate: Last modified June 16, 2000 The Official Web Site of The Nobel Foundation

4. Edmond H. Fischer - Autobiography edmond H. fischer – Autobiography. For my thesis, I elected to work with Prof.Kurt H. Meyer, Head of the Department of Organic Chemistry. http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/1992/fischer-autobio.html

Another important event marked my High School days: I was admitted to the Geneva Conservatory of Music. I had heard Johnny Aubert give an unforgettable rendition of Beethoven's 5th Piano Concerto. I decided on the spot that I wanted to study with him. After an audition in which I nervously presented Mendelssohn's Rondo Capriccioso and Chopin's A-maj. Polonaise, he took me on, and that spelled the beginning of many enthralling years. Music had always played an important part in my life, to such an extent that I even wondered whether I should not make a career of it. But finally I thought it better to keep music purely for pleasure. It was my goal to become a microbiologist but Fernand Chodat, the Professeur of Bacteriology, argued that there was little future in that field, which was probably the case in Switzerland at that time. He advised me to get a diploma in Chemistry saying that, in any case, test tubes were of more use than a microscope to modern microbiologists. A. oryzae

5. Fischer, Edmond H. fischer, edmond H. (b. April 6, 1920, Shanghai, China), American biochemist who wasthe corecipient with Edwin G. Krebs of the 1992 nobel Prize for Physiology http://www.britannica.com/nobel/micro/210_2.html

Fischer, Edmond H. (b. April 6, 1920, Shanghai, China), American biochemist who was the corecipient with Edwin G. Krebs of the 1992 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for their discoveries concerning reversible phosphorylation, a biochemical mechanism that governs the activities of cell proteins. The son of Swiss parents, Fischer earned a Ph.D. in chemistry from the University of Geneva in 1947 and conducted research there until 1953. That year he went to the United States, where he joined Krebs on the faculty of the University of Washington, Seattle. He became a full professor there in 1961. Fischer and Krebs made their discoveries in the mid-1950s while studying reversible phosphorylation i.e., the attachment or detachment of phosphate groups to cell proteins. The two men were the first to purify and characterize one of the enzymes (phosphorylase) involved in the process of phosphorylation. They also discovered the enzymes that catalyze the attachment and detachment of phosphate groups, known as protein kinases and phosphatase, respectively. In the decades following these initial discoveries, scientists were able to identify many other enzymes that regulate specific processes in cells, leading to explanations of the mechanisms controlling basic activities in all living cells.

6. Nobel Prize Winners For 1991-Present subatomic particles, physiology/medicine, fischer, edmond H. US, discoveryof class of enzymes called protein kinases, physiology/medicine, http://www.britannica.com/nobel/1991_pres.html

7. Fischer, Edmond H. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001 2001. fischer, edmond H. 1920 cells. For their work, Krebs and fischershared the 1992 nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. The http://www.bartleby.com/65/fi/FischerEH.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Columbia Encyclopedia PREVIOUS NEXT ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Fischer, Edmond H.

8. Nobel Prizes (table). The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001 2001. nobel Prizes (table 1930, Nathan Soderblom, Hans fischer, Sir ChandrasekharaV. Raman, Karl Menchú, Rudolph A. Marcus, Georges Charpak, edmond H. fischerEdwinG http://www.bartleby.com/65/no/NoblPrzTABLE.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Columbia Encyclopedia PREVIOUS NEXT ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Nobel Prizes (table) Year Peace Chemistry Physics Physiology or Medicine Literature W. C. Roentgen

9. Edmond H. Fischer edmond H. fischer Member of the Scientific Advisory Board. He and Dr Krebs wereawarded the nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1992) edmond fischer was http://www.geneprot.com/e/pup/pup_team_fischer_e.html

Prof. Edmond H. Fischer Member of the Scientific Advisory Board. He and Dr Krebs were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism.

10. Our Team - Scientific Advisory Board edmond H. fischer Member of the Scientific Advisory Board He and Dr Krebs were awardedthe nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1992) edmond fischer was born http://www.geneprot.com/e/team/team_scientific_e.html

Scientific Advisory Board Prof. Denis Hochstrasser, M.D. Chairman of the Scientific Advisory Board Dr. Hochstrasser, a practicing internist and clinical chemist, oversees all computing activities in Geneva University's Faculty of Medicine, as well as running an internationally renowned proteomics research group. Read more. Prof. Ron Appel, Ph.D. Member of the Scientific Advisory Board In 1997, together with Dr. Bairoch and Dr. Denis Hochstrasser, Dr. Appel founded GeneBio SA. Previously, Dr. Appel was instrumental in setting up the very first web site in the field of Life Sciences: the ExPASy proteomics web server www.expasy.ch Read more. Prof. Amos Bairoch. Ph.D. Member of the Scientific Advisory Board Dr. Bairoch is responsible for the development of the best-known protein sequence databases: SWISS-PROT, PROSITE and ENZYME. He is also a co-developer of the ExPASy WWW server ( www.expasy.ch ) and its protein characterization tools. Read more. Sir Aaron Klug, OM, PRS Member of the Scientific Advisory Board Former President of the Royal Society

11. Fischer, Edmond H. fischer, edmond H. fischer, edmond H., 1920–, American biologist, b. Shanghai,China. For their work, Krebs and fischer shared the 1992 nobel Prize in http://www.infoplease.com/cgi-bin/id/A0818756

The # 1 wireless color security cam! Ultimate home movie ! Genuine Indian and Asian astrology reports and consultations by reputed Vedic Astrologers. Step-by-step guide to finding money for a growing business All Infoplease All Almanacs General Entertainment Sports Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Infoplease Home Almanacs Atlas Dictionary ... Fact Monster Kids' reference Info:Daily Fun facts Homework Center Newsletter You've got info! Help Site Map Visit related sites from: Family Education Network Encyclopedia Fischer, Edmond H. Fischer, Edmond H., Krebs discovered a biological regulatory mechanism, reversible protein phosphorylation, that affects nearly all human cells. For their work, Krebs and Fischer shared the 1992 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Fischer, Bobby Fischer, Emil Search Infoplease Info search tips Search Biographies Bio search tips About Us Contact Us Link to Infoplease ... Privacy

12. Nobel Prizes (table) encyclopediaEncyclopedia. nobel Prizes. 1992, Rigoberta Menchú, Rudolph A. Marcus,Georges Charpak, edmond H. fischer Edwin G. Krebs, Derek Walcott. http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/sci/A0835783.html

Reduce your family medical costs by up to 60% now! Oral health..Save up to 60% on dental care. Easy Medical Diagnosis..stop smoking! All Infoplease All Almanacs General Entertainment Sports Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Infoplease Home Almanacs Atlas Dictionary ... Fact Monster Kids' reference Info:Daily Fun facts Homework Center Newsletter You've got info! Help Site Map Visit related sites from: Family Education Network Encyclopedia Nobel Prizes Year Peace Chemistry Physics Physiology or Medicine Literature J. H. van't Hoff W. C. Roentgen E. A. von Behring R. F. A. Sully-Prudhomme Emil Fischer H. A. Lorentz Pieter Zeeman Sir Ronald Ross Theodor Mommsen Sir William R. Cremer S. A. Arrhenius A. H. Becquerel Pierre Curie Marie S. Curie N. R. Finsen Institute of International Law Sir William Ramsay J. W. S. Rayleigh Ivan P. Pavlov Baroness Bertha von Suttner Adolf von Baeyer Philipp Lenard Robert Koch Henryk Sienkiewicz Theodore Roosevelt Henri Moissan Sir Joseph Thomson E. T. Moneta Louis Renault Eduard Buchner A. A. Michelson C. I. A. Laveran Rudyard Kipling K. P. Arnoldson Fredrik Bajer

13. Nobel Laureate 27 th nobel Laureate Lecture Tuesday, March 11, 2003. edmond H. fischer,Ph.D. 1992 nobel Prize Recipient in Physiology/Medicine. http://www.cnsm.csulb.edu/nobel_laureate.htm

CSULB College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Home Office of the Dean Mission Statement Departments ... University Index th Nobel Laureate Lecture Tuesday, March 11, 2003 Edmond H. Fischer, Ph.D. 1992 Nobel Prize Recipient in Physiology/Medicine for his joint discovery with Edwin G. Krebs concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism. Place: University Student Union, 2nd floor, Long Beach Ballroom Host: The College and its Student Council Phone: (562) 985-7562 11am - Noon - General Lecture 4 - 5pm - Technical Lecture Edmond H. Fischer BIOGRAPHY Dr. Edmond H. Fischer was born in Shanghai in 1920. At age 7 he went to Switzerland where he carried out all his studies, receiving B.S. degrees in chemistry and biology and a Ph.D. degree in organic chemistry from the University of Geneva. After a few years as a Fellow of the Rockefeller Foundation and a Privat Docent at the University of Geneva, he spent a year at the California Institute of Technology. In 1953, he joined the Department of Biochemistry at the University of Washington, where he is now Professor Emeritus.

14. Edmond Fischer edmond H. fischer says winning the prize can be a bizarre business that Are youDr. fischer from the You've just won the nobel Prize, along with Dr. Edwin http://www.washington.edu/alumni/columns/march98/fischer.html

Edmond H. Fischer Edmond H. Fischer says winning the prize can be "a bizarre business that catches you off guard. "The first question is: `Why us?' There are so many brilliant people working, including ones we've recommended." For a decade, he and Krebs had been among the thousand scientists asked to submit nominations for the prize. "If you get a gold medal in the Olympics, you know why. You came out first," he says. "In science, it's so different. You do your thing, working without thinking about this or any other award. Then all of the sudden in the middle of the night you get a call." That's how it happened for Fischer. He'd just returned from a trip to Italy in October 1992, when the telephone rang in the dark and woke him from a deep, jet-lagged sleep. An unfamiliar voice asked, "Are you Dr. Fischer?" "My first thought was, `Who is this guy? Does he want to sell me stocks, or replace the gutters on the house?' " "Are you Dr. Fischer from the University of Washington medical school?" the voice asked. " `Yeah,' I said. `Whaddya want?' `Congratulations,' said the voice. `This is CBS in New York. You've just won the Nobel Prize, along with Dr. Edwin Krebs.' "At first I didn't believe it," says Fischer. "But the moment he mentioned Ed, I woke up. I put the lights on. It was 3:45 a.m. As soon as I put the phone down, it rang again."

15. After The Prize: The UW's Nobel Laureates Emeritus Edwin G. Krebs and Biochemistry Professor Emeritus edmond H. fischer, whotogether only a few miles apart in North Carolina George H. Hitchings, `27 http://www.washington.edu/alumni/columns/march98/nobels1.html

Six UW Nobel Laureates Talk About the Day They Wonand the Life After. by Rebecca Hughes Seven men from the University of Washingtonfour professors and three alumnihave won the Nobel Prize . Bombarded by the media, showered with invitations and suddenly given thousands of dollars in prize money, the time of the announcement is a heady experience. But we wondered what happened next. Do you live happily ever after, both personally and professionally? Or should you be careful what you wish for, lest your dreams come true? Columns tracked down the half-dozen UW laureates still living to find out. Our four faculty members continue to live in Seattle: Physics Professor Hans G. Dehmelt, who shared the 1989 prize in physics; Medicine and Oncology Professor Emeritus E. Donnall Thomas, who shared the 1990 prize in medicine for his work at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; and Pharmacology and Biochemistry Professor Emeritus Edwin G. Krebs and Biochemistry Professor Emeritus Edmond H. Fischer, who together shared the 1992 in medicine. Surprisingly, the two living alumni laureates live only a few miles apart in North Carolina: George H. Hitchings, `27, who shared the 1988 prize in medicine; and Martin Rodbell, `54, who shared the 1994 prize in medicine. Our first laureate, George J. Stigler, `31, who won the 1982 Nobel Prize in economics, died in 1991.

16. UW Dept Of Pharmacology--Introduction led to nobel honors on October 12, 1992 for Edwin G. Krebs, Professor Emeritus ofPharmacology and Biochemistry, and edmond H. fischer, Professor Emeritus of http://depts.washington.edu/phcol/phc/nobel.html

PHARMACOLOGY AT UW Philosophies Perspectives Nobel Prize Winners Facilities 1992 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1992 Nobel Prize Winners Drs. Edwin G. Krebs and Edmond H. Fischer The discovery of a regulatory mechanism affecting almost all cells led to Nobel honors on October 12, 1992 for Edwin G. Krebs , Professor Emeritus of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, and Edmond H. Fischer, Professor Emeritus of Biochemistry. The winners of the 1992 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine discovered a "life switch" that turns on and off a variety of biological functions in the cell, including the breakdown of fats and the generation of chemical energy. This prize-winning discovery is known as "reversible protein phosphorylation." This breakthrough, discovered at the UW and first published in 1956, has led to research into how glycogen in the body breaks down into glucose. It has also fostered techniques that prevent the body from rejecting transplanted organs. The discovery has opened new doors for research into cancer, blood pressure, inflammatory reactions and brain signals. Some believe the process could have a role in diabetes. In phosphorylation, cell proteins are altered to perform their duties as enzymes, catalysts, energy-transfer agents or other functinos. The protein is "switched on" when its shape is altered by the addition of one or more phosphate groups. When the phosphate group is taken away, the protein's work changes or stops.

17. University Of Washington Biochemistry Nobel Laureats 206685-1792, 1992 nobel PRIZE in PHYSIOLOGY and MEDICINE awardedto edmond H. fischer and EDWIN G. KREBS. Fundamental studies of http://depts.washington.edu/biowww/nobel.html

Faculty Research New Faculty Positions Graduate Program New Course Listings Seminars Directories Nobel Laureates Yeast Resource Center ... Home Breaking News Department of Biochemistry Box 357350 University of Washington Seattle, WA 98195 Telephone: 206-543-1660 FAX: 206-685-1792 1992 NOBEL PRIZE in PHYSIOLOGY and MEDICINE awarded to EDMOND H. FISCHER and EDWIN G. KREBS Fundamental studies of the regulation of glycogen metabolism by Drs. Krebs and Fischer in the nineteen fifties led to a general understanding of the central role of phosphorylation mechanisms in the control of cellular events. Their pioneering work was recognized by the award of the Nobel Prize for Physiology and Medicine in 1992. In turn, their effectiveness as partners in this 40-year study has served our Department as a model of collegiality and leadership. Martin Rodbell earned his PhD in our Department in 1954 and went on to a very distinguished career at the NIH, playing a central role in the early days of understanding the process of signal transduction - work for which he has received international recognition, including the Nobel prize in 1994. The University of Washington conferred an "Alumnus Summa Laude Dignatus" award to Dr. Rodbell on June 6, 1996.

18. PNRI | About Edmond H. Fischer, Ph. D. Click for fullsized image. Dr. edmond H. fischer was born in Shanghai in 1920. In1992, Drs. fischer and Krebs shared the nobel Prize in Physiology or http://www.pnri.org/seminars/lang-vir/fischer.html

Seminar Schedule Annual Langerhans-Virchow Lecture Dr. Fischer gave the First Annual Langerhans-Virchow Lecture , in 2000 About Edmond H. Fischer, Ph.D. Click for full-sized image Dr. Edmond H. Fischer was born in Shanghai in 1920. At age 7, he went to Switzerland where he carried out all his studies, receiving B.S. degrees in chemistry and biology and a Ph. D. degree in organic chemistry from the University of Geneva. After a few years as a Fellow of the Rockefeller Foundation and a Private Docent at the University of Geneva, he spent a year at the California Institute of Technology. In 1953, he joined the Department of Biochemistry at the University of Washington, where he is now Professor Emeritus. Within six months of his arrival in Seattle, he initiated his collaborative studies with Edwin G. Krebs on the regulation of glycogen phosphorylase. Fischer and Krebs went on to define the series of reactions in the cascade leading to the activation/inactivation of this enzyme as triggered by hormones and calcium. Since then, they have been working on the regulation of different cellular processes by reversible protein phosphorylation. Toward the end of his career, Dr. Fischer"s laboratory had been particularly interested in the identification, characterization and regulation of a variety of intracellular and receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases and their involvement in signal transduction, cell cycle progression and transformation. Dr. Fischer has served on numerous scientific advisory boards, including those for NIH and NSF, the Muscular Dystrophy Association, the Friedrich Miescher Institute of CIBA-GEIGY, the Biozentrum of the University of Basel, the Basel Institute for Immunology, the Scientific Governors of the Scripps Research Institute and the Weizmann Institute of Science.

19. Nobel Conference® XXXVII edmond H. fischer 1992 nobel Prize in Physiology/Medicine Universityof Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, edmond H. fischer http://www.gustavus.edu/events/nobel/archive/2001/participants/fischer.html

Edmond H. Fischer 1992 Nobel Prize in Physiology/Medicine University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Edmond H. Fischer shared the 1992 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine with fellow University of Washington biochemistry professor Edwin G. Krebs for "discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism." They purified and characterized the first enzyme of this type in the mid-1950s, their discovery proving to be the key to unlocking how glycogen in the body breaks down into glucose to mediate muscular work and leading to techniques that prevent the body from rejecting transplanted organs. Born in Shanghai, China, Fischer studied at the University of Geneva and earned the equivalent of a Ph.D. in chemistry in 1947. Arriving in the United States to study biochemistry, he accepted a position at the then-new medical school at the University of Washington in 1953 and within six months was working with Krebs on glycogen phosphorylase. Fischer retired from the University of Washington in 1990 and is now a professor emeritus of biochemistry. He was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1973 and has been recognized with several awards for his work in addition to the Nobel Prize, including the Werner Medal from the Swiss Chemical Society (1953) and the Prix Jaubert from the University of Geneva (1968). Download Photos for News/Media: PC or

20. The Gustavian Weekly: Nobel Conference Celebrates Century Of Discovery 3. 10 am Lecture Lund Arena How Proteins Speak with One Another in Cell Signaling edmond H. fischer University of Washington, Seattle 1992 nobel Laureate in http://www.gustavus.edu/news/weekly/01-02/03/news/nobel.html

September 28, 2001 Volume 112, Number 3 For more information about the Nobel Conference, visit www.gustavus.edu/nobel Home September 28 News Nobel Conference celebrates century of discovery Britta Olson Weekly Staff Writer The 37th annual Nobel Conference is not only recognizing past discoveries, but focusing on the future as well. This is made evident by its theme, "The Second Nobel Century: What is Still to Be Discovered?" This year marks the 100-year anniversary of the Nobel Prizes. "In commemorating this centennial, we hold high those persons who have been selected for their monumental contributions to society, and Alfred Nobel, whose foresight in preparing his last will and testament has afforded rewards for historic discovery," said Michael Sohlman, executive director of the Nobel Foundation. There are eight presenters, including Sir Harold W. Kroto. His presentation will be on "Science, a Round Peg in a Square World." He is from the University of Sussex in Brighton, England, and is the 1996 Nobel Laureate in Chemistry for his collaborative work and discovery of fullerenes new forms of the element carbon.

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z

Page 1     1-20 of 92    1  | 2  | 3  | 4  | 5  | Next 20