61. Harvard Medical School Nobel Laureates baruj benacerraf, 1980, Medicine or Physiology Discovered that diseasefighting abilityis passed on genetically Robbins was awarded the nobel prize for work http://www.medcatalog.harvard.edu/about/nobel.html

62. Nobel Conference® - Previous Conferences Archive denotes participants who are nobel laureates. 1992 (XXVIII) Immunity The BattleWithin *baruj benacerraf R. Michael Blaese Robert C. Gallo Philippa Marrack http://www.gustavus.edu/events/nobel/archive/

*) denotes participants who are Nobel laureates. 2002 Website 2002 (XXXVIII ) - The Nurture of Nature Avshalom Caspi Jerome Kagan *Eric R. Kandel Eleanor E. Maccoby Thomas H. Murray Robert Plomin Judith L. Rapoport 2001 Website 2001 (XXXVII) - What is still to be discovered? *Edmond H. Fischer *Roald Hoffmann *Sir Harold W. Kroto *Stanley B. Prusiner Erling Norrby Sir John Maddox Comelia Dean 2000 Website 2000 (XXXVI) - Globalization 2000: Economic Prospects and Challenges Jagdish Bhagwati John B. Cobb Jr. Amitai Etzioni *Robert Mundell Jeffrey D. Sachs Michael Sohlman Joseph E. Stiglitz 1999 Website 1999 (XXXV) - Genetics in the New Millennium Bruce Baker Elizabeth Blackburn Lindon Eaves Dean Hamer Leroy Hood Evelyn Fox Keller J. Craig Venter

63. Nobel Conference® - Gustavus Adolphus College And The Nobel Foundation nobel Laureates Holding Honorary Degrees from Gustavus Adolphus College 2003 Oscar ElieWiesel Doctor of Humane Letters 1992 baruj benacerraf - Doctor of http://www.gustavus.edu/events/nobel/nobelfoundation/degrees.html

Nobel Laureates Holding Honorary Degrees from Gustavus Adolphus College Eric R. Kandel - Doctor of Science Edmond H. Fischer - Doctor of Science Roald Hoffmann - Doctor of Science Sir Harold W. Kroto - Doctor of Science Robert A. Mundell - Doctor of Humane Letters Toni Morrison - Doctor of Humane Letters F. Sherwood Rowland - Doctor of Science Philip W. Anderson - Doctor of Science Pierre-Gilles de Gennes - Doctor of Science David Hubel - Doctor of Science Elie Wiesel - Doctor of Humane Letters Baruj Benacerraf - Doctor of Science William A. Fowler - Doctor of Science Ilya Prigogine - Doctor of Science Sheldon Lee Glashow - Doctor of Science James Tobin - Doctor of Humane Letters Salvador Luria - Doctor of Science Herbert Simon - Doctor of Science Sir Peter Medawar - Doctor of Science Ragnar Granit - Doctor of Science Czeslaw Milosz - Doctor of Humane Letters George Snell - Doctor of Science Eugene Wigner - Doctor of Science William N. Lipscomb Jr. - Doctor of Science

64. SIMR - Centenary Survey Of Nobel Laureates fields to clinical application through the study of intact organisms. HaroldE. Varmus, nobel Prizewinner 1989. 1980 baruj benacerraf, Jean DAUSSETT and http://www.simr.org.uk/pages/nobel/time_line_9.html

Home Biotechnology Celebrity support Benefits of animal research ... Links Nobel Prize Winners in Physiology and Medicine (1980 - 1989) Alfred Bernhard Nobel Nobel Survey Index Photo: Wellcome Institute Library The Timeline "Now, more than ever, research with laboratory animals is required to bring the benefits of advances in molecular genetics, neuroscience, and other highly productive fields to clinical application through the study of intact organisms." - Harold E. Varmus, Nobel Prizewinner 1989 Baruj BENACERRAF, Jean DAUSSETT and George D. SNELL - describe histocompatibility antigens and the regulation of immunological reactions. Roger W. SPERRY, David H. HUBEL and Torsten N. WIESEL - describe the processing of visual information by the brain. Sune K. BERGSTRÖM, Bengi I. SAMUELSON and Sir John R. VANE - discover the prostaglandin group of hormone-like compounds found in all animals. Barbara McCLINTOCK - studies maize and finds chromosomes can sometimes transfer segments from one to another.

65. UU World Mar/Apr 2002: The Dispossessed, By 100 Nobel Laureates the celebration of the 100th anniversary of the first nobel prizes. Bednorz Physics,1987 Bishop Carlos FX Belo Peace, 1996 baruj benacerraf Physiology/Medicine http://www.uua.org/world/2002/02/prophecy.html

reflections See also commentary meditation Contents: March/April 2002 p r o p h e c y The Dispossessed by 100 Nobel Laureates The following statement was released on December 7, 2001, by 100 Nobel Prize winners to coincide with the celebration of the 100th anniversary of the first Nobel prizes. Although the statement began circulating among the laureates last summer, most of them signed it after September 11. The most profound danger to world Peace in the coming years will stem not from the irrational acts of states or individuals but from the legitimate demands of the world's dispossessed. Of these poor and disenfranchised, the majority live a marginal existence in equatorial climates. Global warming, not of their making but originating with the wealthy few, will affect their fragile ecologies most. Their situation will be desperate and manifestly unjust. It cannot be expected, therefore, that in all cases they will be content to await the beneficence of the rich. If then we permit the devastating power of modern weaponry to spread through this combustible human landscape, we invite a conflagration that can engulf both rich and poor. The only hope for the future lies in cooperative international action, legitimized by democracy. It is time to turn our backs on the unilateral search for security, in which we seek to shelter behind walls. Instead, we must persist in the quest for united action to counter both global warming and a weaponized world.

66. Nobel Peace Prize? JEWISH nobel WINNERS. Howard Martin Temin 1976 Baruch S. Blumberg 1977 - RosalynSussman Yalow 1978 - Daniel Nathans 1980 - baruj benacerraf 1984 - Cesar http://www.toojewish.com/contrib/misc/sillynobel.html

67. Nobel Prize Winners Support Basic Science Americans have been awarded more than onehalf of all nobel Prizes in Ph.D., DudleyHerschbach, Ph.D., William N. Lipscomb, Ph.D., baruj benacerraf, MD, Konrad http://www.sdsc.edu/SDSCwire/v2.13/nobelists.html

Nobel Prize Winners Seek Stronger Support for Basic Science The American Institute of Physics Bulletin of Science Policy News Number 101: June 26, 1996 The letter, dated June 19, follows: "Dear President Clinton and Members of Congress: "As men and women who have helped to shape the modern scientific age and who care deeply about the future of our nation, we urge you to reaffirm the fundamental role of the federal government in supporting basic scientific research. "Americans have been awarded more than one-half of all Nobel Prizes in physics, chemistry and medicine since 1945. This impressive success is no accident, but the result of a firm and consistent commitment by the federal government to basic science research at our universities. Our nation's policymakers and public have been prudent investors because their support has paid off in tremendous ways. "America's investment in research over the last fifty years has been a vital source of our economic and political strength around the world, as well as the quality of life Americans enjoy at home. The polio vaccine, computers, jet propulsion and disease resistant grains and vegetables are some of the thousands of advances pioneered at our universities that have had dramatic benefits for our health, economy, security and quality of life. "New and equally breathtaking advances may be just around the corner. Genetic research, for example, gives promise of better treatments for Alzheimer's, cancer and other diseases. Lighter and stronger composite materials may be developed with important applications in transportation, medicine and the military. Continuing support for university-based research will not only pave the way for these important breakthroughs, but will also train the next generation of pioneers and Nobelists.

68. Nobel Laureates: Nuclear Disarmament: Greenpeace USA baruj benacerraf DANA FARBER CANCER INST. 1980 nobel Prize in medicine.Hans A. Bethe CORNELL UNIVERSITY 1967 nobel Prize in physics. http://www.greenpeaceusa.org/nuclear/laureatetext.htm

letter from nobel laureates July 6, 2000 President William Jefferson Clinton The White House 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20502 Dear Mr. President: We urge you not to make the decision to deploy an anti-ballistic missile system during the remaining months of your administration. The system would offer little protection and would do grave harm to this nation's core security interests. We and other independent scientists have long argued that anti-ballistic missile systems, particularly those attempting to intercept reentry vehicles in space, will inevitably lose in an arms race of improvements to offensive missiles. North Korea has taken dramatic steps toward reconciliation with South Korea. Other dangerous states will arise. But what would such a state gain by attacking the United States except its own destruction? While the benefits of the proposed anti-ballistic missile system are dubious, the dangers created by a decision to deploy are clear. It would be difficult to persuade Russia or China that the United States is wasting tens of billions of dollars on an ineffective missile system against small states that are unlikely to launch a missile attack on the U.S. The Russians and Chinese must therefore conclude that the presently planned system is a stage in developing a bigger system directed against them. They may respond by restarting an arms race in ballistic missiles and having missiles in a dangerous "launch-on-warning" mode. Even if the next planned test of the proposed anti-ballistic missile system works as planned, any movement toward deployment would be premature, wasteful and dangerous.

69. PREMIOS NOBEL RELACIONADOS CON LA GENÉTICA Translate this page genética molecular. 1980, George Snell baruj benacerraf Jean Dausset. Porsus reacciones inmunológicas. 1980, Paul Berg. nobel de Química Por sus http://www.ucm.es/info/genetica/AVG/nobel/nobel.htm

Alfred Nobel La mayoría de los Premios Nobel que figuran en la siguiente lista son de Fisiología y Medicina, salvo algunos de Química y de la Paz que se indican de forma expresa en la tabla. Albrecht Kossel Por sus trabajos sobre las sustancias albuminoides, incluyendo las nucleínas, que han contribuido al conocimiento de la química de las células. Karl Landsteiner Por sus descubrimientos de los grupos sanguíneos de la especie humana. Thomas H. Morgan Por su descubrimiento sobre la función de los cromosomas como portadores de la herencia. Hermann J. Muller Por su descubrimiento de la inducción de mutaciones mediante radiación con rayos X. Linus Carl Pauling Por sus investigaciones sobre la naturaleza de los enlaces químicos y su aplicación en la elucidación de la estructura de las sustancias complejas. También recibió el Premio Nobel de la Paz en 1962 por su lucha contra el desarrollo de las armas nucleares. George W. Beadle Edward L. Tatum Por su descubrimiento de que los genes actúan regulando sucesos químicos definidos.

70. John Polanyi Official Website Nobel Statement, Statement By Nobel Laureates on the occasion of the onehundredth anniversary of the nobel Prize. baruj benacerraf(Physiology/Medicine, 1980); Hans A. Bethe (Physics, 1967); Gerd K. Binnig http://www.utoronto.ca/jpolanyi/nobelstatement/statement.html

Statement by Nobel Laureates on the occasion of the one-hundredth anniversary of the Nobel Prize THE NEXT HUNDRED YEARS Zhores I. Alferov (Physics, 2000) Sidney Altman (Chemistry, 1989) Philip W. Anderson (Physics, 1977) Oscar Arias Sanchez (Peace, 1987) J. Georg Bednorz (Physics, 1987) Bishop Carlos F. X. Belo (Peace, 1996) Baruj Benacerraf (Physiology/Medicine, 1980) Hans A. Bethe (Physics, 1967) Gerd K. Binnig (Physics, 1986) James W. Black (Physiology/Medicine, 1988) Guenter Blobel (Physiology/Medicine, 1999) Nicolaas Bloembergen (Physics, 1981) Norman E. Borlaug (Peace, 1970) Paul D. Boyer (Chemistry, 1997) Bertram N. Brockhouse (Physics, 1994) Herbert C. Brown (Chemistry, 1979) Georges Charpak (Physics, 1992) Claude Cohen-Tannoudji (Physics, 1997) John W. Cornforth (Chemistry, 1975) Francis H.C. Crick (Physiology/ Medicine, 1962) James W. Cronin (Physics, 1980) Paul J. Crutzen (Chemistry, 1995) Robert F. Curl (Chemistry, 1996) His Holiness The Dalai Lama (Peace, 1989) Johann Deisenhofer (Chemistry, 1988) Peter C. Doherty (Physiology/Medicine, 1996) Manfred Eigen (Chemistry, 1967)

71. Laureatii Premiilor Nobel ale Americii. 1980, George D. Snell baruj benacerraf Jean Dausset,Statele Unite ale Americii Statele Unite ale Americii Franta. 1981, http://www.rotravel.com/medicine/nobel/r_laur.htm

ANUL NUMELE LAUREATULUI ÞARA Emil Adolf von Behring Germania Sir Ronald Ross Marea Britanie Niels Ryberg Finsen Danemarca Ivan Petrovici Pavlov Rusia Robert Koch Germania Camillo Golgi Santiago Ramon y Cajal Italia Spania Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran Franþa Paul Ehrlich Ilia Ilici Mecinikov Germania Rusia Emil Theodor Kocher Elveþia Albrecht Kossel Germania Allvar Gulistrand Suedia Alexis Carrel Statele Unite ale Americii Charles Robert Richet Franþa Robert Báráni Ungaria - Austria neacordat neacordat neacordat neacordat Jules Jean Baptiste Vincent Bordet Belgia Schack August Steenberg Krogh Danemarca neacordat Sir Archibald Vician Hill Otto Fritz Meyerhof Marea Britanie Germania Sir Frederick Grant Banting John James Richard MacLeod Canada Canada Willem Einthaven Olanda neacordat Johannes Andreas Grib Fibinger Danemarca Julius Wagner - Jauregg Austria Charles Jules Henri Nicolle Franþa Christiaen Eijkman Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins Olanda Marea Britanie Karl Landsteiner Austria Otto Heinrich Warburg Germania Sir Charles Scott Sherrington Lord Edgar Douglas Adrian Marea Britanie Marea Britanie Thomas Hunt Morgan Statele Unite ale Americii George Hoyt Whipple George Richards Minot

72. The Laureates Of The Nobel Prize For Medicine And Physiology of America. 1980, George D. Snell baruj benacerraf Jean Dausset, UnitedStates of America United States of America France. 1981, David http://www.rotravel.com/medicine/nobel/e_laur.htm

YEAR LAUREATE'S NAME COUNTRY Emil Adolf von Behring Germany Sir Ronald Ross Great Britain Niels Ryberg Finsen Denmark Ivan Petrovici Pavlov Russia Robert Koch Germany Camillo Golgi Santiago Ramon y Cajal Italy Spain Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran France Paul Ehrlich Ilia Ilici Mecinikov Germany Russia Emil Theodor Kocher Switzerland Albrecht Kossel Germany Allvar Gulistrand Sweden Alexis Carrel United States of America Charles Robert Richet France Robert Báráni Hungary - Austria no prize awarded no prize awarded no prize awarded no prize awarded Jules Jean Baptiste Vincent Bordet Belgium Schack August Steenberg Krogh Denmark no prize awarded Sir Archibald Vician Hill Otto Fritz Meyerhof Great Britain Germany Sir Frederick Grant Banting John James Richard MacLeod Canada Canada Willem Einthaven Holland no prize awarded Johannes Andreas Grib Fibinger Denmark Julius Wagner - Jauregg Austria Charles Jules Henri Nicolle France Christiaen Eijkman Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins Holland Great Britain Karl Landsteiner Austria Otto Heinrich Warburg Germany Sir Charles Scott Sherrington Lord Edgar Douglas Adrian Great Britain Great Britain Thomas Hunt Morgan

73. Nobel For Medicine: All Laureates Roger W. Sperry, David H. Hubel, Torsten N. Wiesel 1980 baruj benacerraf, Jean Dausset TheNobel Prize A History of Genius, Controversy and Prestige by Burton http://www.popular-science.net/nobel/med-list.html

NOBEL Read More on the Nobel Prize: Nobel Minds 2001 Awards John Nash Women Nobel Prize ... Prize Amounts MINI ALMANAC Calendar Moon phase Popular Science Highlights: IG Nobel 2002 The invention of :-) West Nile Virus Asteroid Impact? ... Book: Russell Read also: Nobel Prize Women in Science : Their Lives, Struggles, and Momentous Discoveries by Sharon Bertsch McGrayne THE NOBEL PRIZE FOR MEDICINE: ALL WINNERS 2001 Leland H. Hartwell, R. Timothy Hunt, Paul M. Nurse 2000 Arvid Carlsson, Paul Greengard, Eric R. Kandel 1999 Günter Blobel 1998 Robert F. Furchgott, Louis J. Ignarro, Ferid Murad 1997 Stanley B. Prusiner 1996 Peter C. Doherty, Rolf M. Zinkernagel 1995 Edward B. Lewis, Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard, Eric F. Wieschaus 1994 Alfred G. Gilman, Martin Rodbell 1993 Richard J. Roberts, Phillip A. Sharp 1992 Edmond H. Fischer, Edwin G. Krebs

74. 100 Nobel Laureates Call For Environmental And Social Reforms The nobel PrizeWinning Signatories Zhores I. Alferov Physics, 2000 Sidney Physics,1987 Bishop Carlos FX Belo Peace, 1996 baruj benacerraf Physiology/Medicine http://www.policyalternatives.ca/publications/articles/article341.html

E-mail this page to a friend Return to the main CCPA web page 100 Nobel laureates call for environmental and social reforms The statement The Nobel Prize-Winning Signatories Zhores I. Alferov Physics, 2000 Sidney Altman Chemistry, 1989 Philip W. Anderson Physics, 1977 Oscar Arias Sanchez Peace, 1987 J. George Bednorz Physics, 1987 Bishop Carlos F.X. Belo Peace, 1996 Baruj Benacerraf Physiology/Medicine, 1980 Hans A. Bethe Physics, 1967 James W. Black Physiology/Medicine, 1988 Guenter Blobel Physiology/Medicine, 1999 Nicolaas Bloembergen Physics, 1981 Norman E. Borlaug Peace, 1970 Paul D. Boyer Chemistry, 1997 Bertram N. Brockhouse Physics, 1994 Herbert C. Brown Chemistry, 1979 Georges Charpak Physics, 1992 Claude Cohen-Tannoudji Physics, 1997 John W. Cornforth Chemistry, 1975 Francis H.C. Crick Physiology/Medicine, 1962 James W. Cronin Physics, 1980 Paul J. Crutzen Chemistry, 1995 Robert F. Curl Chemistry, 1996 The Dalai Lama Peace, 1989

75. Intellectual Output  From The Arab World JEWISH nobel WINNERS 0.2% OF WORLDS POPULATION 14,000,000 million Jews. 1977 AndrewV. Schally 1978 - Daniel Nathans 1980 - baruj benacerraf 1984 - Cesar http://masada2000.org/nobel.html

nobel prize, nobel prize winners, jewish nobel prize winners, islam, muslim, moslem INTELLECTUAL OUTPUT ARAB / ISLAMIC NOBEL WINNERS of World's Population 1,400,000,000 Muslims Literature 1988 - Najib Mahfooz 1988. Peace 1978 - Anwar El-Sadat 1994 - Yasser Arafat ... A Joke!!! Chemistry 1990 Elias James Corey 1999 - Ahmed Zewail Medicine 1960 Peter Brian Medawar 1998 Ferid Mourad Physics Abdus Salam The Norwegians played an ugly joke on the world by pretending Arafat was a Man of Peace. It is time to correct a vile error. Click HERE to add your name to the petition to revoke his award. Masada2000.org special Nobel Prize for I N T E G R I T Y! Norwegian, Kaare Kristiansen was a member of the Nobel Committee. He resigned in 1994 to protest the awarding of a Nobel "Peace Prize" to Yasser Arafat, whom he correctly labeled a "terrorist." JEWISH NOBEL WINNERS OF WORLDS POPULATION 14,000,000 million Jews

76. Nobel Prize For Physiology Or Medicine nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine. Hounsfield (UK), for developing computedaxial tomography (CAT scan) Xray technique 1980 baruj benacerraf, George D http://www.factmonster.com/ipa/A0105787.html

Huge assortment of web cameras, spycams and live surveillance products - at great prices ! Bargain.com.. Movies , videos with your favorite celebrity ! Magazines, newsletters, stories and pics from around the world! All Infoplease All Almanacs General Entertainment Sports Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Infoplease Home Almanacs Atlas Dictionary ... Fact Monster Kids' reference Info:Daily Fun facts Homework Center Newsletter You've got info! Help Site Map Visit related sites from: Family Education Network Arts and Entertainment Awards Nobel Prizes Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine For years not listed, no award was made. Emil A. von Behring (Germany), for work on serum therapy against diphtheria Sir Ronald Ross (U.K.), for work on malaria Niels R. Finsen (Denmark), for his treatment of lupus vulgaris with concentrated light rays Ivan P. Pavlov (U.S.S.R.), for work on the physiology of digestion Robert Koch (Germany), for work on tuberculosis Camillo Golgi (Italy) and (Spain), for work on structure of the nervous system Charles L. A. Laveran

77. AAAAI - Patients & Consumers Center: Patient/Public Education: Fast Facts: Famou director; Ludwig von Beethoven (17701827) - composer; baruj benacerraf(b. 1920) - nobel Prize Winner in medicine; Leonard Bernstein http://www.aaaai.org/patients/resources/fastfacts/famous.stm

Patient/Public Education: Fast Facts: Famous People with Asthma If you have asthma, you’re in good company. Many famous people in sports, music, literature, entertainment and politics have suffered asthma attacks but have nevertheless achieved greatness. If you follow your doctor’s treatment plan your asthma can be controlled and you can live a happy, productive (and possibly famous!) life. Steve Allen (1921-2000) - comedian, actor Loni Anderson (b. 1946) - actress Jason Alexander (b. 1959) - actor, director Ludwig von Beethoven (1770-1827) - composer Baruj Benacerraf (b. 1920) - Nobel Prize Winner in medicine Leonard Bernstein (1918-1990) - conductor, composer Ambrose Bierce (1842 - 1914) - journalist and author Elizabeth Bishop (1911 - 1979) - poet and author Judy Collins ( b. 1939) - folk singer

78. Nature Publishing Group The nobel laureates, including baruj benacerraf, Francis Crick, Arthur Kornberg,Leon Lederman and Glenn T. Seaborg, calling themselves the Council for http://www.nature.com/cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/nature/journal/v389/n6653/full/

79. The Nobel Prize nobel Prize winners Literature 1910 Paul Heyse 1927 - Henri Bergson 1958 RosalynSussman Yalow 1978 - Daniel Nathans 1980 - baruj benacerraf 1984 - Cesar http://www.rsballard.com/weblog/files/nobel.htm

From: Sent: Tuesday, August 06, 2002 2:38 PM Subject: Interesting Perspective Which segment of our world population do you think has made the most profound contribution to the betterment of mankind? There are 1.2 BILLION Muslims in the world, representing 19.6% of the world's population. Nobel Prize Winners: Literature 1957 - Albert Camus 1988 - Najib Mahfooz Peace 1978 - Mohamed Anwar El-Sadat 1994 - Yasser Arafat Chemistry 1990 - Elias James Corey 1999 - Ahmed Zewail Medicine 1960 - Peter Brian Medawar 1998 - Ferid Mourad There are 14.1 MILLION Jews in the world, representing 0.2% of the world's population. Nobel Prize winners: Literature 1910 - Paul Heyse 1927 - Henri Bergson 1958 - Boris Pasternak 1966 - Shmuel Yosef Agnon 1966 - Nelly Sachs 1976 - Saul Bellow 1978 - Isaac Bashevis Singer 1981 - Elias Canetti 1987 - Joseph Brodsky 1991 - Nadine Gordimer Peace 1911 - Alfred Fried 1911 - Tobias Michael Carel Asser 1968 - Rene Cassin 1973 - Henry Kissinger 1978 - Menachem Begin 1986 - Elie Wiesel 1994 - Shimon Peres 1994 - Yitzhak Rabin Chemistry 1905 - Adolph Von Baeyer 1906 - Henri Moissan 1910 - Otto Wallach 1915 - Richard Willstaetter 1918 - Fritz Haber 1943 - George Charles de Hevesy 1961 - Melvin Calvin 1962 - Max Ferdinand Perutz 1972 - William Howard Stein 1977 - Ilya Prigogine 1979 - Herbert Charles Brown 1980 - Paul Berg

80. Winners Of The Nobel Prize In Medicine Or Physiology Taken from The nobel Prize Internet Archive. 2000. baruj benacerraf , JEAN DAUSSETand GEORGE D. SNELL for their discoveries concerning genetically determined http://www.manbir-online.com/htm3/nobel-med-list.htm

Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology Taken from - The Nobel Prize Internet Archive The prize was awarded jointly to: A RVID C ARLSSON ... REENGARD and E RIC K ANDEL for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system. The prize was awarded to: G ÜNTER B LOBEL , for the discovery that proteins have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell. The prize was awarded jointly to: R OBERT F F ... GNARRO and F ERID M URAD for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system. S TANLEY B P ... RUSINER for his discovery of Prions - a new biological principle of infection The prize was awarded jointly to: P ETER C D ... OHERTY and R OLF M Z ... INKERNAGEL for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence. The prize was awarded jointly to: E DWARD B L ... OLHARD and E RIC F W ... IESCHAUS for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development. The prize was awarded jointly to: A LFRED G G ... ILMAN and M ARTIN R ODBELL for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells.

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