1. Georg Von Bekesy Winner Of The 1961 Nobel Prize In Medicine georg von bekesy, a nobel Prize Laureate in Physiology and Medicine, at the nobelPrize Internet Archive. georg von BÉKÉSY. 1961 nobel Laureate in Medicine http://almaz.com/nobel/medicine/1961a.html

G EORG V ON B ÉKÉSY 1961 Nobel Laureate in Medicine for his discoveries of the physical mechanism of stimulation within the cochlea. Background Place of Birth: Budapest, Hungary Residence: U.S.A. Affiliation: Harvard University, Cambridge, MA Featured Internet Links Search WWW Search The Nobel Prize Internet Archive Links added by Nobel Internet Archive visitors (submitted by HipCat Back to The Nobel Prize Internet Archive Literature Peace ... Medicine We always welcome your feedback and comments

2. Index Of Nobel Laureates In Medicine ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF nobel PRIZE LAUREATES IN PHYSIOLOGY AND MEDICINE.Name, Year Awarded. von Behring, Emil Adolf, 1901. von bekesy, georg, 1961. http://almaz.com/nobel/medicine/alpha.html

ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF NOBEL PRIZE LAUREATES IN PHYSIOLOGY AND MEDICINE Name Year Awarded Adrian, Lord Edgar Douglas Arber, Werner Axelrod, Julius Baltimore, David ... Medicine We always welcome your feedback and comments

3. Georg Von Bekesy georg von Békésy was born in Budapest, Hungary on June 3, 1899. He was awardedthe nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine in 1961 for his discovery and http://www.pbrc.hawaii.edu/bekesy/von_bekesy.html

See Also: Photo scanned from see figure . He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine in 1961 for his discovery and subsequent research arising from it. mechanical model of the inner ear paintings, statues and artifacts Acoustic Research Laboratory at the Technical University of Budapest

4. Georg Von Bekesy Inner Ear Model nobel Lecture, December 11, 1961, georg von Békésy (in nobel Lectures Physiologyor Medicine 1942 1962, Elsevier, 1964, pp. 722-746). Return to Text. http://www.pbrc.hawaii.edu/bekesy/mech_mod.html

Photo reproduced from: Nobel Lectures Physiology or Medicine 1942-1962, Elsevier 1964, p. 744. Return to Text ...After some modification, the final version of the model consists of a plastic tube filled with water, and a membrane 30 cm in length; when it is stimulated with a vibration it shows travelling waves of the same type as those seen in the normal human ear. The usable frequency range is two octaves. I think the happiest period of my research was when I started to repeat all the great experiments that have been done on the ear in the past but now on the model ear with nerve supply. All the small details could be duplicated on the skin. Nothing has been more rewarding than to concentrate on the little discrepancies that I love to investigate and see them slowly disappear. This always give me the feeling of being on the right track, a new track. The simple fact that on the model the whole arm vibrates (as can be seen under stroboscopic illumination), but only a very small section is recognized as vibrating, proves that nervous inhibition must play an important role. Further investigation has shown that every local stimulus applied on the skin produces strong inhibition around the place of stimulation. This seems to be true, not only for the skin, but also for the ear and the retina. Involuntarily, this had led me to begin an investigation of the analogies between the ear and the skin and the eye. Maybe the time is not too far off when these three sense organs ear, skin, and eye so sharply separated in the textbooks of physiology, will have some chapters in common. This would lead toward a simplification of our descriptions of the sense organs.

5. Georg Von Bekesy And The Place Theory Of Pitch Perception For his studines of the traveling wave, georg von bekesy receivedthe nobel Prize in 1961. His incredible delicate and elegant http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/sound/bekesy.html

von Bekesy and the Place Theory "The molder of the modern theory of basilar-membrane "resonance" is Georg von Bekesy. In 1928 Bekesy was a communications engineer in Budapest, studying the mechanical and electrical adaptation of telephone equipment to the demands of the human hearing mechanism. One day, in the course of a casual conversation, an acquantance asked him whether a major improvement would soon be forthcoming in the quality of telephone systems. The idle remark strarted a chain of thought that eventually posed to Bekesy a more fundamental question: "How much better is the quality of the human ear than that of any telephone system?" His search for the answer has added volumes to our present-day knowledge of hearing." "Bekesy studied the inner ear by building mechanical models of the cochlea- e.g., a metal tube filled with water. Along the length of the tube ran a narrow slot covered by a stretched membrane, which served as the basilar membrane of the model. When the fluid was set in motion, he observed, it caused a bulge which swept like an undulating wave along the membrane. By adjusting the tension of the membrane along the slot he was able to confine the biggest part of the bulge to a particular region on the membrane. The undulation traveled down the length of the membane, but its amplitude - the bigness of the bulge- varied with position: the bulge was slight everywhere except in one area where it was large." "He also detected the same wave movement in the cochlea itself. Using first animal ears and then the ears of human cadavers, he carefully cut out the cochlea and bored a tiny opening in the bone. Working under a microscope with "microtools" of his own invention (one pair of scissors had blades only a few thousandths of an inch long), he laid open part of the basilar membrane. The cochlear fluid was drained and replaced with a salt solution containing a suspension of powdered aluminum and coal. By scattering flashes of intense light off the powder suspension, Bekesy was able to follow events within the interior of the cochles. Under the microscope he saw a bulging undulation sweep over the basilar membrane when a sound was introduced into the cochlea. It was the same traveling wave he had seen coursing along the artificial membrane of his model."

6. Georg Von Békésy - Biography georg von Békésy was born in Budapest, Hungary, on June 3,1899, the son of FromNobel Lectures, Physiology or Medicine 19421962. Dr von Békésy died in 1972 http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/1961/bekesy-bio.html

University of Berne . After a short military service he received his Ph.D. in Physics in 1923 from the University of Budapest. Later on he entered the services of the Hungarian Post Office in Budapest where he stayed until 1946. He worked one year at the Central Laboratory of Siemens and Halske A.G. in Berlin, at that time one of the centers in the development of telecommunication. During vacations he spent his free time in different workshops learning how to use a file for many hours without hurting the hands. His work in the research laboratory of the Hungarian Post Offce was concerned mainly with problems of long-distance telephone transmission. The friendly and efficient atmosphere of this laboratory made it possible for him to spend considerable time in the study of the ear as a main component of the transmission system. Soon he became a nuisance to the autopsy rooms of the hospitals and the mechanical workshops of the Post Office. There they did not like to find their drill press full of human-bone dust in the morning. But the wonderful laboratory spirit helped to overcome all difficulties, except those produced by the destructions of World War II. During the years 1939-1946 he was also Professor of Experimental Physics at the University of Budapest. He left Hungary in 1946 for Sweden, where he was a guest of the

7. Georg Von Békésy - Nobel Lecture georg von Békésy – nobel Lecture. Concerning Speech georg von BékésyBiography nobel Lecture Swedish nobel Stamps Other Resources. 1960, 1962. http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/1961/bekesy-lecture.html

Concerning the pleasures of observing, and the mechanics of the inner ear Nobel Lecture December 11, 1961 From Nobel Lectures The Lecture in pdf-format Download Adobe Acrobat Reader is free software that lets you view and print Adobe Portable Document Format (PDF) files. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1961 Presentation Speech Biography Nobel Lecture ... Other Resources The 1961 Prize in: Physics Chemistry Physiology or Medicine Literature ... Peace Find a Laureate: Last modified August 7, 2001 The Official Web Site of The Nobel Foundation

8. George Von Bekesy Links george von Békésy Hungarian nobel Laureate at http//www.hungary.org/~hipcat/bekesy.htm.Biography of georg von Békésy at http//www.nobel.se/laureates http://elvers.stjoe.udayton.edu/history/people/Bekesy.html

George von Bekesy Image Source: http://www.hungary.org/~hipcat/bekesy.htm Some George von Bekesy Links You may need to search for the person using your browser's find function at http://www.hungary.org/~hipcat/bekesy.htm at http://www.nobel.se/laureates/medicine-1961-1-bio.html Georg von Bekesy at http://www.pbrc.hawaii.edu/bekesy/von_bekesy.html http://www.pbrc.hawaii.edu/bekesy/gallery/no-frame.html Search the Web for George von Bekesy HotBot Alta Vista Excite Infoseek ... On-Line Books Page OhioLINK Holdings on George von Bekesy These links are available only if you are at an OhioLINK institution Search OhioLINK Central Catalog for books about George von Bekesy Search OhioLINK Central Catalog for books by George von Bekesy Search Britannica Online Site Links People by birthdate People by name Categories Library resources ... Welcome page

9. Bekesy, Georg Von bekesy, georg von , 1899–1972, American biophysicist, b. Budapest, Hungary, grad Hewas awarded the 1961 nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on http://www.infoplease.com/cgi-bin/id/A0806816

10. Nobel Prizes (table) encyclopediaEncyclopedia. nobel Prizes. 1961, Dag Hammarskjöld, MelvinCalvin, Robert Hofstadter RL Moessbauer, georg von bekesy, Ivo Andric. http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/sci/A0835783.html

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11. Bekesy, Georg Von. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001 bekesy, georg von. He was awarded the 1961 nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicinefor his work on the physical mechanism of stimulation within the cochlea, a http://www.bartleby.com/65/be/Bekesy-G.html

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12. Nobel Prizes (table). The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001 2001. nobel Prizes (table). 1961, Dag Hammarskjöld, Melvin Calvin, Robert HofstadterR.L. Moessbauer, georg von bekesy, Ivo Andri. 1962, Linus C. Pauling, MF PerutzJ. http://www.bartleby.com/65/no/NoblPrzTABLE.html

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13. Bekesy, Georg Von bekesy, georg von 18991972, American biophysicist, b. Budapest, Hungary, grad. Hewas awarded the 1961 nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology for his work on http://www.slider.com/enc/6000/Bekesy_Georg_von.htm

classify 98 Home Encyclopeadia B Bea - Bei ... Rope Ladders Trellian WebPage Slider Search: The Web Encyclopaedia Shopping Index Help Encyclopaedia Bekesy, Georg von 1899-1972, American biophysicist, b. Budapest, Hungary, grad. Univ. of Budapest (Ph.D. 1923). He was (1923-46) a physicist in the research laboratory of the Hungarian telephone system and also taught (1932-46) at the Univ. of Budapest. From 1947 to 1949 he was a research professor at the Caroline Institute, Stockholm. In 1949 he became senior research fellow in the psychoacoustic laboratory at Harvard. He was awarded the 1961 Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology for his work on the physical mechanism of stimulation within the cochlea, a snail-shaped cavity of the inner ear. Add URL Advertise Contact Us Rope Ladder

14. ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF NOBEL PRIZE LAUREATES IN PHYSIOLOGY AND MEDICINE FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE; ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF nobel PRIZE LAUREATES IN PHYSIOLOGYAND MEDICINE, Behring, Emil Adolf von, 1901. bekesy, georg von, 1961. http://www.bioscience.org/urllists/nobelm.htm

FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE; ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF NOBEL PRIZE LAUREATES IN PHYSIOLOGY AND MEDICINE Name Year Awarded Adrian, Lord Edgar Douglas Arber, Werner Axelrod, Julius Baltimore, David ... Zinkernagel, Rolf M.

15. ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF NOBEL PRIZE LAUREATES IN CHEMISTRY Zsigmondy, Richard Adolf, 1925. ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF nobel PRIZE LAUREATES INPHYSIOLOGY AND MEDICINE. Behring, Emil Adolf von, 1901. bekesy, georg von, 1961. http://www.bioscience.org/urllists/nobelc.htm

FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE; ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF NOBEL PRIZE LAUREATES IN CHEMISTRY, PHYSIOLOGY AND MEDICINE ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF NOBEL PRIZE LAUREATES IN CHEMISTRY Name Year Awarded Alder, Kurt Altman, Sidney Anfinsen, Christian B. Arrhenius, Svante August ... Zsigmondy, Richard Adolf ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF NOBEL PRIZE LAUREATES IN PHYSIOLOGY AND MEDICINE Name Year Awarded Adrian, Lord Edgar Douglas Arber, Werner Axelrod, Julius Baltimore, David ... Zinkernagel, Rolf M. Source: The Nobel Prize Internet Archive

16. Terra - Biografías - Aldea Educativa Translate this page Recordando a un ganador del Premio nobel Ir al Tope. bekesy, georg von. http://www.terra.com.ve/aldeaeducativa/biografias/default.html

17. Premios Nobel De Medicina Premios nobel de Medicina. Año, Tema, Ganador. 1961, bekesy, georg von. 1962, Crick,Francis Harry Compton; Watson, James Dewey; Wilkins, Maurice Hugh Frederick. http://fai.unne.edu.ar/biologia/nobeles/nobelmed.htm

Premios Nobel de Medicina Tema Ganador Behring, Emil Adolf Von Ross, Sir Ronald Finsen, Niels Ryberg Pavlov, Ivan Petrovich Koch, Robert Cajal, Santiago Ramon Y.; Golgi, Camillo Laveran, Charles Louis Alphonse Ehrlich, Paul; Metchnikoff, Ilya Ilyich Kocher, Emil Theodor Kossel, Albrecht Gullstrand, Allvar Carrel, Alexis Richet, Charles Robert Barany, Robert Bordet, Jules Krogh, Schack August Steenberger Hill, Sir Archibald Vivian; Meyerhof, Otto Fritz; Banting, Sir Frederick Grant; Macleod, John James Richard; Einthoven, Willem; Fibiger, Johannes Andreas Grib Wagner-Jauregg, Julius Nicolle, Charles Jules Henri Eijkman, Christiaan; Hopkins, Sir Frederick Gowland Landsteiner, Karl Warburg, Otto Heinrich Adrian, Lord Edgar Douglas; Sherrington, Sir Charles Scott Morgan, Thomas Hunt Minot, George Richards; Murphy, William Parry; Whipple, George Hoyt Spemann, Hans Dale, Sir Henry Hallett; Loewi, Otto Nagyrapolt, Albert Szent-Gyorgyi Von Heymans, Corneille Jean Francois Domagk, Gerhard Dam, Henrik Carl Peter; Doisy, Edward Adelbert Erlanger, Joseph; Gasser, Herbert Spencer

18. Nobel Prize - Neuroscience nobel Prize Neuroscience, Year substances. 1961, von bekesy, georg, 6/3/1899to 6/13/1972, Hungarian, American Citizen, Function of the cochlea. http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/nobel.html

Nobel Prize - Neuroscience Year of Award Name(s) Birth and Death Dates Nationality/Citizenship Field of Study Golgi, Camillo 7/7/1843 to 1/21/1926 Italian Structure of the Nervous System Ramon y Cajal, Santiago 5/1/1852 to 10/18/1934 Spanish Structure of the Nervous System Gullstrand, Allvar 6/5/1862 to 7/28/1930 Swedish Optics of the Eye Barany, Robert 5/22/1876 to 4/8/1936 Austrian Physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus Wagner-Jauregg, Julius 3/7/1857 to 9/27/1940 Austrian Discovery of Malaria inoculation to treat dementia paralytica Adrian, Edgar Douglas 11/30/1889 to 8/4/1977 British Function of neurons in sending messages Sherrington, Charles Scott, Sir 11/27/1857 to 3/4/1952 British Function of neurons in the brain and spinal cord Dale, Henry Hallett, Sir 6/9/1875 to 7/23/1968 British Chemical transmission of nerve impulses Loewi, Otto 6/3/1875 to 12/25/1961 German, American Citizen Chemical transmission of nerve impulses Erlanger, Joseph 1/5/1874 to 12/15/1965 American Differentiated functions of single nerve fibers Gasser, Herbert Spencer

19. NASA Neurolab Web: Mission Home Page georg von bekesy. georg von Békésy was born in Budapest, Hungary, in 1899. He wasawarded the nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine in 1961 for his discovery http://neurolab.jsc.nasa.gov/bekesy.htm

Spotlight on Neuroscience Georg von Bekesy Georg von Békésy was born in Budapest, Hungary, in 1899. . He was awarded his Ph.D. from the University of Budapest in 1926 for development of a fast method for determining molecular weight. In the 1930's, he was dealing with problems concerning long-distance telephone transmission in the research laboratory of the Hungarian Post. He put a stress on the study of the human ear in his work. From 1939 to 1946 he was a professor of experimental physics at the Pázmány Péter University in Budapest. He was also a member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Research on this problem led to his 1928 discovery of the mechanical characteristics of neural transduction in the inner ear. One of Békésy's principal contributions was the development of anatomical techniques that allowed rapid, nondestructive dissection of the cochlea. This dissection was done under a low-power microscope using a special grinding mechanism operated in a water bath. Békésy was able to observe the traveling waves along the basilar membrane that were produced by sound. He observed the shape of these waves by stroboscopic examination of the motion of particles of silver which he sprinkled on the nearly transparent basilar membrane. Depending upon the frequency of the sound, the traveling waves achieved maximum amplitude in different locations (see figure). He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine in 1961 for his discovery and subsequent research arising from it.

20. NASA Neurolab Web: Spotlight On Neuroscience 1961, georg von bekesy, nobel laureate in Medicine for his for his discoveriesof the physical mechanism of stimulation within the cochlea, http://neurolab.jsc.nasa.gov/timeline.htm

Spotlight on Neuroscience Rene Descartes describes the pineal as the control center of the body and mind Antony von Leeuwenhoek describes a nerve fiber in cross section Luigi Galvani publishes his work on electrical stimulation of frog nerves Marc Dax writes a paper on the left hemisphere damage effects on speech Gabriel Gustav Valentin discovers the neuron nucleus and nucleolus Jan Purkinje describes cerebellar cells, large nerve cells with many branching extensions found in the cerebral cortex Robert Remak suggests that nerve cell and nerve fiber are joined Theodor Schwann proposes the cell theory, identifying cells as the fundamental particles of animals and plants Robert Remak provides the first illustration of the 6 layered cortex Augustus Waller describes degenerating nerve fibers Bartolomeo Panizza shows the occipital lobe is essential for vision Camillo Golgi can be considered among the first who sought a link between neuroscience and psychiatry. Eduard Hitzig and Gustav Fritsch discover cortical motor area of dog using electrical stimulation Richard Caton is the first to record electrical activity of the brain Wilhelm His coins the term "dendrite" Otto Friedrich Carl Dieters differentiates dendrites and axons Wilhelm von Waldeyer coins the term "neuron" Rudolph Albert von Kolliker coins the term "axon".

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