1. Julius Axelrod Winner Of The 1970 Nobel Prize In Medicine julius axelrod, a nobel Prize Laureate in Physiology and Medicine, at the nobelPrize Internet Archive. julius axelrod. 1970 nobel Laureate in Medicine http://almaz.com/nobel/medicine/1970c.html

J ULIUS A XELROD 1970 Nobel Laureate in Medicine for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmittors in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage, release and inactivation. Background Born: 1912 Residence: U.S.A. Affiliation: National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD Featured Internet Links Prize co-recipient: Sir Bernard Katz Prize co-recipient: Ulf Von Euler Search WWW Search The Nobel Prize Internet Archive Links added by Nobel Internet Archive visitors Winner of The Gairdner Foundation Int'l Award D C HODGKIN (submitted by Faik A NASSER Back to The Nobel Prize Internet Archive Literature Peace ... Medicine We always welcome your feedback and comments

2. Index Of Nobel Laureates In Medicine LISTING OF nobel PRIZE LAUREATES IN PHYSIOLOGY AND MEDICINE. Name, Year Awarded.Adrian, Lord Edgar Douglas, 1932. Arber, Werner, 1978. axelrod, julius, 1970. http://almaz.com/nobel/medicine/alpha.html

ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF NOBEL PRIZE LAUREATES IN PHYSIOLOGY AND MEDICINE Name Year Awarded Adrian, Lord Edgar Douglas Arber, Werner Axelrod, Julius Baltimore, David ... Medicine We always welcome your feedback and comments

3. Medicine 1970 The nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1970. Sir Bernard Katz, Ulf vonEuler, julius axelrod. 1/3 of the prize, 1/3 of the prize, 1/3 of the prize. http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/1970/

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1970 "for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmittors in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage, release and inactivation" Sir Bernard Katz Ulf von Euler Julius Axelrod 1/3 of the prize 1/3 of the prize 1/3 of the prize United Kingdom Sweden USA University College London, United Kingdom Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD, USA b. 1911 b. 1905 d. 1983 b. 1912 The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1970 Press Release Presentation Speech Sir Bernard Katz ... Other Resources The 1970 Prize in: Physics Chemistry Physiology or Medicine Literature ... Economic Sciences Find a Laureate: Last modified June 16, 2000 The Official Web Site of The Nobel Foundation

4. Julius Axelrod - Biography Health. julius axelrod married Sally Taub in 1938; they have two children.From nobel Lectures, Physiology or Medicine 19631970. http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/1970/axelrod-bio.html

Julius Axelrod was born on May 30th, 1912, in New York City. He obtained his B. Sc. in 1933 at the College of the City of New York , M. A. in 1941 at New York University , and Ph. D. in 1955 from the George Washington University From 1933 to 1935 he was Laboratory Assistant at the Department of Bacteriology of New York University Medical School ; from 1935-1946 he was Chemist at the Laboratory of Industrial Hygiene; 1946-1949, Research Associate, Third New York University Research Division, Goldwater Memorial Hospital ; 1949-1950, Associate Chemist, Section on Chemical Pharmacology, National Heart Institute , NIH; 1950-1953, Chemist, National Heart Institute, NIH, where he became Senior Chemist in 1953, and was appointed Chief of the Section on Pharmacology, Laboratory of Clinical Science, National Institute of Mental Health, Health Services and Mental Health Administration, Department of Health, Education and Welfare in 1955. The following honors and awards were granted to Dr. Axelrod: National Science Foundation Travel Award, 1958; Corresponding Member of the German Pharmacological Society, 1959; International Physiological Union Travel Award, 1961; Otto Loewi Memorial Lecture, New York University Medical School, 1964; Distinguished Research Award, Assoc. Res. Nerv. Mental Diseases, 1965; Karl E. Paschkis Memorial Lecture, Philadelphia Endocrine Society, 1966; Honorary Sc.D.

5. Nobel Prize And After Profiles in Science The julius axelrod Papers. The NobelPrize and Public Science after 1970 Documents. http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/HH/Views/Exhibit/documents/prize.html

The Julius Axelrod Papers The Nobel Prize and Public Science after 1970: Documents Background Narrative Visuals Click to see detailed information about each document. Exhibit Biographical Information Work on the Sympathomimetic Amines, 1946-1958 Norepinephrine and Neurotransmitters, 1957-1974 ... The Pineal Gland and the "Melatonin Hypothesis," 1959-1974 The Nobel Prize and Public Science after 1970 All Visuals Axelrod, Julius. [Speech delivered at Nobel ceremony.] Speech. 1 Image. [ca. 10 December 1970]. Axelrod, Julius. "Noradrenaline: Fate and Control of Its Biosynthesis." In Les Prix Nobel 1970 Axelrod, Julius. "Neurotransmitters." Scientific American 230 (1974): 58-71. Article. 10 Images. Axelrod, Julius. "Catecholamine Neurotransmitters, Psychoactive Drugs, and Biological Clocks." Journal of Neurosurgery 55 (November 1981): 669-677. Article. 9 Images. Axelrod, Julius, and Terry D. Reisine. "Stress Hormones: Their Interaction and Regulation." Science 224 (4 May 1984): 452-459. Article. 9 Images. Axelrod, Julius. "Signal Transduction in Cloned Cholinergic Muscarinic Receptors."

6. Nobel Prize And After: Visuals The julius axelrod Papers. The nobel Prize and Public Science after 1970 Visuals. axelrod,ca. 1970 Metadata Record julius axelrod receiving the nobel Prize. http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/HH/Views/Exhibit/visuals/prize.html

The Julius Axelrod Papers The Nobel Prize and Public Science after 1970: Visuals Background Narrative Documents Click to see detailed information about each visual. Exhibit Biographical Information Work on the Sympathomimetic Amines, 1946-1958 Norepinephrine and Neurotransmitters, 1957-1974 ... The Pineal Gland and the "Melatonin Hypothesis," 1959-1974 The Nobel Prize and Public Science after 1970 All Visuals [Julius Axelrod]. [ca. 1970]. [Julius Axelrod receiving the Nobel Prize]. 10 December 1970. [Julius and Sally Axelrod in Stockholm]. [ca. December 1970]. [Julius Axelrod in Cancun]. June 1984. [Julius Axelrod celebrating at the National Institute of Mental Health]. [ca. 15 October 1970]. [Winners of the 1970 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]. December 1970. The three winners of the 1970 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Ulf von Euler, Julius Axelrod, and Sir Bernard Katz, meeting with Nils K. Stahle, Executive Director of the Nobel Foundation. [Julius Axelrod in his office]. August 1982. [Julius Axelrod and Martin Rodbell ]. [ca. 1994].

7. Press Release: Papers Of Nobel Laureate Julius Axelrod Added To "Profiles In Sci Press Release Papers of nobel Laureate julius axelrod Added to Profilesin Science Web Site. FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE May 2, 2000, http://www.nlm.nih.gov/news/press_releases/axelrodpr00.html

Press Release: Papers of Nobel Laureate Julius Axelrod Added to "Profiles in Science" Web Site FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE May 2, 2000 CONTACT: Robert Mehnert Kathy Gardner Cravedi publicinfo@nlm.nih.gov Papers of Nobel Laureate Julius Axelrod Added to "Profiles in Science" Web Site (Bethesda, Md.) According to a recent ABC News poll, one of every eight adults in the US has taken Prozac or a similar drug to help relieve anxiety or depression. That they can do so is the result of research by Dr. Julius Axelrod in the 1960's. His work enabled pharmaceutical firms to create anti-depressants like Prozac. Prozac and other similar drugs are called SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) because they prevent certain actions of chemicals, called neurotransmitters, in the brain. "Axelrod did not invent Prozac, but he discovered how early antidepressant drugs work in the brain, and he coined the term 'reuptake' to describe those actions," says Dr. Alexa McCray who directs the Profiles in Science project at the National Library of Medicine. Dr. Julius Axelrod, a Nobel laureate, is the fourth scientist to be added to NLM's "Profiles in Science" website (

8. Finding Aid To The Julius Axelrod Papers, 1915-1998 16, 16, julius axelrod Distinguished Lectures in Neuroscience of the Raymond and 16,17, nobel Laureate Revisiting Lectures, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 1987. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/manuscripts/ead/axelrod.html

TABLE OF CONTENTS Descriptive Summary Biographical Note Collection Summary Index Terms ... Oversize Materials Finding aid to the Julius Axelrod Papers, 1915-1998 Archives and Modern Manuscripts Program, History of Medicine Division Processed by: Aaron D. Purcell and David H. Serlin, Ph.D. Machine-readable finding aid encoded by John P. Rees Descriptive Summary Collection Number: MS C 494 Creator Axelrod, Julius, 1912- Title Julius Axelrod Papers Dates: Quantity: 7.4 linear feet, oversize, loose degrees, awards, and posters Abstract: The collection consists primarily of materials related to Axelrod's scientific career. The bulk of these materials consists of awards, laboratory notebooks, reprints, and photographs. The collection is especially stong in documenting Axelrod's receipt of the Nobel Prize in 1970. There is little correspondence. Biographical Note Julius (Julie) Axelrod was born May 20, 1912, on the lower east side of Manhattan in New York City, the son of Polish immigrants Isadore and Molly Axelrod. Julius' father supported the family as a basketmaker. Axelrod attended Seward Park High School, where he quickly developed an interest in history, literature, and science, and set his sights on medical school. In 1929, Axelrod enrolled in New York City University (NYU). After one year, he transferred to the tuition-free City College of New York (CCNY), which Axelrod later described as a "proletarian Harvard." Axelrod graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in biology in 1933. He applied to several medical schools, but was not admitted. Reflecting on these rejections, he told a newspaper reporter in 1970 that "It was hard in those days for Jews to get into medical school. I wasn't that good a student, but if my name was Bigelow I probably would have gotten in."

9. Axelrod, Julius axelrod, julius. who, along with the British biophysicist Sir Bernard Katz andthe Swedish physiologist Ulf von Euler, was awarded the nobel Prize for http://www.britannica.com/nobel/micro/43_29.html

Axelrod, Julius (b. May 30, 1912, New York, N.Y., U.S.), American biochemist and pharmacologist who, along with the British biophysicist Sir Bernard Katz and the Swedish physiologist Ulf von Euler , was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1970. Axelrod's contribution was his identification of an enzyme that degrades chemical neurotransmitters within the nervous system after they are no longer needed to transmit nerve impulses. A graduate of the College of the City of New York (B.S., 1933), New York University (M.S., 1941), and George Washington University (Ph.D., 1955), Axelrod worked as chemist in the Laboratory of Industrial Hygiene (1935-46) and then joined the research division of Goldwater Memorial Hospital (1946), leaving in 1949 to join the staff of the section on chemical pharmacology at the National Heart Institute in Bethesda, Md. In 1955 he moved to the staff of the National Institute of Mental Health, where he became chief of the pharmacology section of the Laboratory of Clinical Sciences. Axelrod's achievement grew out of work done by Euler, specifically Euler's discovery of noradrenaline (norepinephrine), a chemical substance that transmits nerve impulses. Axelrod, in turn, discovered that noradrenaline could be neutralized by an enzyme, catechol-o-methyl transferase, which he isolated and named. This enzyme proved critical to an understanding of the entire nervous system. The enzyme was shown to be useful in dealing with the effects of certain psychotropic drugs and in research on hypertension and schizophrenia.

10. Nobel Prize Winners For Physiology Or Medicine viruses and viral diseases. 1970, axelrod, julius, US, discoveriesconcerning the chemistry of nerve transmission. Euler, Ulf von, Sweden, http://www.britannica.com/nobel/table/phymed.html

Year Article Country* Achievement Behring, Emil von Germany work on serum therapy Ross, Sir Ronald U.K. discovery of how malaria enters an organism Finsen, Niels Ryberg Denmark treatment of skin diseases with light Pavlov, Ivan Petrovich Russia work on the physiology of digestion Koch, Robert Germany tuberculosis research Golgi, Camillo Italy work on the structure of the nervous system Spain work on the structure of the nervous system Laveran, Alphonse France discovery of the role of protozoa in diseases Ehrlich, Paul Germany work on immunity Russia work on immunity Kocher, Emil Theodor Switzerland physiology, pathology, and surgery of the thyroid gland Kossel, Albrecht Germany researches in cellular chemistry Gullstrand, Allvar Sweden work on dioptrics of the eye Carrel, Alexis France work on vascular suture; transplantation of organs Richet, Charles France work on anaphylaxis Austria-Hungary work on vestibular apparatus Bordet, Jules Belgium work on immunity factors in blood serum Krogh, August Denmark discovery of capillary motor-regulating mechanism Hill, A.V.

11. Julius Axelrod Ask The Right Questions At The Right Time - Nobel julius axelrod Ask the Right Questions at the Right Time. nobel Prizein Medicine/Physiology, 1970, julius axelrod, who pioneered http://www.njabr.org/superstars/laureates/JAxelrod.cfm

12. International: Italiano: Salute: Medicina: Medici_e_Ricercatori: Axelrod,_Julius Translate this page julius axelrod è stato insignito del premio nobel per la medicina (per le scoperteconcernenti i trasmettitori umorali nelle terminazioni nervose ed il http://open-site.org/International/Italiano/Salute/Medicina/Medici_e_Ricercatori

Open Site The Open Encyclopedia Project Pagina Principale Aggiungi Contenuti Diventa Editore In tutta la Directory Solo in Medici_e_Ricercatori/Axelrod,_Julius Top International Italiano Salute ... Medici e Ricercatori : Axelrod, Julius Vedi anche: International: Italiano: Societ : Strutture Sociali: Persone: Biografie: Premio Nobel Julius Axelrod ¨ stato insignito del premio Nobel per la medicina (per le scoperte concernenti i trasmettitori umorali nelle terminazioni nervose ed il meccanismo per la loro accumulazione, rilascio ed inattivazione) nell'anno 1970. Julius Axelrod Data di nascita : 30 maggio 1912 Genere Attivit  principale presso: National Institutes of Health - Bethesda, MD, USA Opere importanti : Editorialista per le seguenti riviste scientifiche: Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, Life Sciences, Circulation Research, Journal of Neurobiology, Pharmacological Research Communications, Journal of Neurochemistry, International Journal of Psychobiology. Luogo di nascita : New York City Nazionalit  : Statunitense Questa Categoria ha bisogno di un Editore - Richiedila Open Site Code 0.4.1

13. Nobel Prize - Neuroscience nobel Prize Neuroscience, Year processes. 1970, axelrod, julius,5/30/1912 to, American, Humoral transmitters in sympathetic nerves. http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/nobel.html

Nobel Prize - Neuroscience Year of Award Name(s) Birth and Death Dates Nationality/Citizenship Field of Study Golgi, Camillo 7/7/1843 to 1/21/1926 Italian Structure of the Nervous System Ramon y Cajal, Santiago 5/1/1852 to 10/18/1934 Spanish Structure of the Nervous System Gullstrand, Allvar 6/5/1862 to 7/28/1930 Swedish Optics of the Eye Barany, Robert 5/22/1876 to 4/8/1936 Austrian Physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus Wagner-Jauregg, Julius 3/7/1857 to 9/27/1940 Austrian Discovery of Malaria inoculation to treat dementia paralytica Adrian, Edgar Douglas 11/30/1889 to 8/4/1977 British Function of neurons in sending messages Sherrington, Charles Scott, Sir 11/27/1857 to 3/4/1952 British Function of neurons in the brain and spinal cord Dale, Henry Hallett, Sir 6/9/1875 to 7/23/1968 British Chemical transmission of nerve impulses Loewi, Otto 6/3/1875 to 12/25/1961 German, American Citizen Chemical transmission of nerve impulses Erlanger, Joseph 1/5/1874 to 12/15/1965 American Differentiated functions of single nerve fibers Gasser, Herbert Spencer

14. ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF NOBEL PRIZE LAUREATES IN PHYSIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LISTING OF nobel PRIZE LAUREATES IN PHYSIOLOGY AND MEDICINE, Name, Year Awarded.Adrian, Lord Edgar Douglas, 1932. Arber, Werner, 1978. axelrod, julius, 1970. http://www.bioscience.org/urllists/nobelm.htm

FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE; ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF NOBEL PRIZE LAUREATES IN PHYSIOLOGY AND MEDICINE Name Year Awarded Adrian, Lord Edgar Douglas Arber, Werner Axelrod, Julius Baltimore, David ... Zinkernagel, Rolf M.

15. NASA Neurolab Web: Mission Home Page release and inactivation of catecholamine neurotransmitters and the effect of psychoactivedrugs on this process, julius axelrod received the nobel Prize for http://neurolab.jsc.nasa.gov/axelrod.htm

Spotlight on Neuroscience Julius Axelrod Julius Axelrod, born in 1912 in New York City, carried out extensive, fundamental research on a wide range of topics. His research included biochemical mechanisms of drug and hormone actions and metabolism, enzymology, pineal gland membranes, and transduction mechanisms. He is most known for his Nobel Prize winning elucidation of the storage, release and inactivation of catecholamine neurotransmitters and the effect of psychoactive drugs. When Axelrod joined the National Heart Institute in 1949, the first area he investigated was the physiological effects of caffeine in the body. At about the same time, he became involved in the research of sympathetic nerve stimulation, focusing his research on two neurotransmitters epinephrine and norepinephrine. Signal transmission along a nerve fiber is achieved by electrical means, while transmission from one neuron to another is typically chemical in nature. One nerve cell releases a transmitter hormone, which travels across the synaptic cleft to the postsynaptic receptor of the second neuron. Depending on the function of the neuron, different transmitter hormones are used. The catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine are both neurotransmitters in the sympathetic nervous system, effecting the cardiovascular system. His studies on catecholamines began in 1957, when Axelrod worked at the National Mental Health Institute and read a publication which hypothesized that the mental disorder schizophrenia could be caused by an abnormal metabolism of epinephrine. Fascinated with the publication, Axelrod began to search how epinephrine is metabolized in the human body. He discovered that epinephrine and other catecholamines are metabolized by methylation. The methylating enzyme was named catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), and is widely distributed in tissues, including the brain.

16. NARSAD: Publications: Research Newsletter: Nobel Laureates NARSAD awarded its first julius axelrod Neuroscience Award to the three scientistswho shared last year's nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology. http://www.narsad.org/pub/win02honor.html

NARSAD Publications Research Newsletter : Nobel Laureates NARSAD Honors Nobel Laureates and Presents Awards for Outstanding Research at Annual Dinner Benefit Raises $1.1 Million for Research in Schizophrenia, Depression and other Brain Disorders An extraordinary "meeting of the minds" took place at NARSAD's annual benefit gala. The Alliance devoted the evening to honoring some of the most renowned neuroscience researchers worldwide. The event, which raised $1.1 million for research in schizophrenia, affective disorders, and other psychiatric illnesses, took place at the Pierre Hotel in New York on October 12th. Julius Axelrod Neuroscience Award NARSAD awarded its first Julius Axelrod Neuroscience Award to the three scientists who shared last year's Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology. The award is named for Dr. Axelrod, who received the 1970 Nobel Prize in Medicine for his discovery of the actions of neurotransmitters in regulating the metabolism of the nervous system. Dr. Axelrod is currently honorary chairman of NARSAD's Scientific Council. Arvid Emil Carlsson, M.D.

17. Premios Nobel De Medicina Premios nobel de Medicina. Año, Tema, Ganador. 1969, Delbruck, Max; Hershey, AlfredD.; Luria, Salvador E. 1970, axelrod, julius; Euler, Ulf Von; Katz, Sir Bernard. http://fai.unne.edu.ar/biologia/nobeles/nobelmed.htm

Premios Nobel de Medicina Tema Ganador Behring, Emil Adolf Von Ross, Sir Ronald Finsen, Niels Ryberg Pavlov, Ivan Petrovich Koch, Robert Cajal, Santiago Ramon Y.; Golgi, Camillo Laveran, Charles Louis Alphonse Ehrlich, Paul; Metchnikoff, Ilya Ilyich Kocher, Emil Theodor Kossel, Albrecht Gullstrand, Allvar Carrel, Alexis Richet, Charles Robert Barany, Robert Bordet, Jules Krogh, Schack August Steenberger Hill, Sir Archibald Vivian; Meyerhof, Otto Fritz; Banting, Sir Frederick Grant; Macleod, John James Richard; Einthoven, Willem; Fibiger, Johannes Andreas Grib Wagner-Jauregg, Julius Nicolle, Charles Jules Henri Eijkman, Christiaan; Hopkins, Sir Frederick Gowland Landsteiner, Karl Warburg, Otto Heinrich Adrian, Lord Edgar Douglas; Sherrington, Sir Charles Scott Morgan, Thomas Hunt Minot, George Richards; Murphy, William Parry; Whipple, George Hoyt Spemann, Hans Dale, Sir Henry Hallett; Loewi, Otto Nagyrapolt, Albert Szent-Gyorgyi Von Heymans, Corneille Jean Francois Domagk, Gerhard Dam, Henrik Carl Peter; Doisy, Edward Adelbert Erlanger, Joseph; Gasser, Herbert Spencer

18. Axelrod, Julius. The American Heritage® Dictionary Of The English Language: Fou axelrod, julius. SYLLABICATION Ax·el·rod. PRONUNCIATION k s lr d. DATES Born1912. American biochemist. He shared a 1970 nobel Prize for studies of how nerve http://www.bartleby.com/61/45/A0554500.html

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19. Nobel Prize - Neuroscience nobel Prize Neuroscience, Year of processes. 1970, axelrod, julius,5/30/1912 to, American, Humoral transmitters in sympathetic nerves.Katz http://www.univ.trieste.it/~brain/NeuroBiol/Neuroscienze per tutti/nobel.html

Nobel Prize -Neuroscience Year of Award Name(s) Birth and Death Dates Nationality/Citizenship Field of Study Golgi, Camillo 7/7/1843 to 1/21/1926 Italian Structure of the Nervous System Ramon y Cajal, Santiago 5/1/1852 to 10/18/1934 Spanish Structure of the Nervous System Gullstrand, Allvar 6/5/1862 to 7/28/1930 Swedish Optics of the Eye Barany, Robert 5/22/1876 to 4/8/1936 Austrian Physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus Wagner-Jauregg, Julius 6/5/1862 to 7/28/1930 Austrian Discovery of Malaria inoculation to treat dementia paralytica Adrian, Edgar Douglas 11/30/1889 to 8/4/1977 British Function of neurons in sending messages Sherrington, Charles Scott, Sir 11/27/1857 to 3/4/1952 British Function of neurons in the brain and spinal cord Dale, Henry Hallett, Sir 6/9/1875 to 7/23/1968 British Chemical transmission of nerve impulses Loewi, Otto 6/3/1875 to 12/25/1961 German, American Citizen Chemical transmission of nerve impulses Erlanger, Joseph 1/5/1874 to 12/15/1965 American Differentiated functions of single nerve fibers Gasser, Herbert Spencer

20. Axelrod, Julius Health. julius axelrod married Sally Taub in 1938; they have two children.From nobel Lectures, Physiology or Medicine 19631970. http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/A/Axelrod/Axelro

Axelrod, Julius Julius Axelrod was born on May 30th, 1912, in New York City. He obtained his B. Sc. in 1933 at the College of the City of New York, M. A. in 1941 at New York University, and Ph. D. in 1955 from the George Washington University. From 1933 to 1935 he was Laboratory Assistant at the Department of Bacteriology of New York University Medical School; from 1935-1946 he was Chemist at the Laboratory of Industrial Hygiene; 1946-1949, Research Associate, Third New York University Research Division, Goldwater Memorial Hospital; 1949-1950, Associate Chemist, Section on Chemical Pharmacology, National Heart Institute, NIH; 1950-1953, Chemist, National Heart Institute, NIH, where he became Senior Chemist in 1953, and was appointed Chief of the Section on Pharmacology, Laboratory of Clinical Science, National Institute of Mental Health, Health Services and Mental Health Administration, Department of Health, Education and Welfare in 1955. Dr. Axelrod is a Member of Sigma Xi, International Brain Research Organization, American Chemical Society, American Society of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, American Society of Biological Chemists, American Association for the Advancement of Science, and a Fellow of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 1961 (Member of the Council, 1966-1969).

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