61. Anderson, Philip Warren. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001 anderson, philip Warren. In 1977 he was awarded the nobel Prize in Physics for his http://www.bartleby.com/65/an/AndrsonPW.html

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62. They Think It¹s All Over The Times Higher Education Supplement September 27, 1996 p.20. philip W. anderson,a nobel laureate in physics, is professor of physics at Princeton University. http://www.fi.uib.no/AMOS/fys210/HORGAN/anderson.html

by Philip W. Anderson The Times Higher Education Supplement September 27, 1996 p.20 Philip W. Anderson, a Nobel laureate in physics, is professor of physics at Princeton University. In a review in The New York Times of Bob Woodward's latest book about American politics, I found the following: "Mr Woodward's victims know they are faced with a choice...either they can refuse to cooperate, in which case they will be described...as they were described by their enemies...or they can cave in and tell Mr Woodward their version...Either way...they know that they are at his mercy because...the book is expected to be a bestseller before it is written." John Horgan's book represents the arrival of such political reporting styles on the serious scientific scene - with the difference that we interviewees did not realise we were at his mercy until too late, having been pampered by respectful reporters lacking an agenda or platform of their own, hence obligingly furthering ours. Much of the fury this book has aroused in the scientific community is caused by the resulting sudden irruption of our sometimes imperfect personalities, our mannerisms, our casual backbiting, our unguarded boasts, and the like, into the public eye. Insofar as the scientists have eagerly angled for public notice, and in many cases for our own bestseller status, one might feel we have reaped a whirlwind of our own sowing; nonetheless where our remarks are shoehorned into favouring Horgan's personal agenda, we have a legitimate complaint.

63. 100 Nobel Laureates Warn That Our Security Hangs On Environmental And So On the 100th anniversary of the nobel prize, 100 nobel laureates warn I. Alferov Physics,2000 Sidney Altman Chemistry, 1989 philip W. anderson Physics, 1977 http://csf.colorado.edu/mail/psn/2001/msg01807.html

Date Index 100 Nobel laureates warn that our security hangs on environmental and social reform by CyberBrook 07 December 2001 19:10 UTC Thread Index Date Index Progressive Sociology Network List Archives at CSF Subscribe to Progressive Sociology Network Thread Index

64. Nobel Prizes (table) nobel Prizes. Year, Peace, Chemistry, Physics, Physiology or Medicine, Literature. 1977,Amnesty International, Ilya Prigogine, philip W. anderson Sir Nevill F. Mott http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/sci/A0835783.html

Reduce your family medical costs by up to 60% now! Oral health..Save up to 60% on dental care. Easy Medical Diagnosis..stop smoking! All Infoplease All Almanacs General Entertainment Sports Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Infoplease Home Almanacs Atlas Dictionary ... Fact Monster Kids' reference Info:Daily Fun facts Homework Center Newsletter You've got info! Help Site Map Visit related sites from: Family Education Network Encyclopedia Nobel Prizes Year Peace Chemistry Physics Physiology or Medicine Literature J. H. van't Hoff W. C. Roentgen E. A. von Behring R. F. A. Sully-Prudhomme Emil Fischer H. A. Lorentz Pieter Zeeman Sir Ronald Ross Theodor Mommsen Sir William R. Cremer S. A. Arrhenius A. H. Becquerel Pierre Curie Marie S. Curie N. R. Finsen Institute of International Law Sir William Ramsay J. W. S. Rayleigh Ivan P. Pavlov Baroness Bertha von Suttner Adolf von Baeyer Philipp Lenard Robert Koch Henryk Sienkiewicz Theodore Roosevelt Henri Moissan Sir Joseph Thomson E. T. Moneta Louis Renault Eduard Buchner A. A. Michelson C. I. A. Laveran Rudyard Kipling K. P. Arnoldson Fredrik Bajer

65. The Henry L. Stimson Center - Nobel Prize-winning Scientists nobel laureates (designated with an asterisk) were among the 148 chemists that signedthis letter, bringing the total to 49. Sidney Altman philip W. anderson http://www.stimson.org/cbw/?sn=CB20011220133

66. American Nobel Laureates Make A Stand For Peace In addition to winning nobel prizes, 18 of the signers have received the NationalMedal of Science, the nations highest science philip W. anderson P. http://www.arabia.com/newsfeed/article/english/0,14183,377167,00.html

Mersal instant messenger Wanees mediaplayer ... Printer-friendly format American Nobel Laureates Make a Stand for Peace March 08, 2003, 09:56 AM The following is a declaration signed by 41 American Nobel Laureates who are opposed to war with Iraq. In addition to winning Nobel prizes, 18 of the signers have received the National Medal of Science, the nations highest science honor. The Declaration Reads: "The undersigned oppose a preventive war against Iraq without broad international support. Military operations against Iraq may indeed lead to a relatively swift victory in the short term. But war is characterized by surprise, human loss and unintended consequences. Even with a victory, we believe that the medical, economic, environmental, moral, spiritual, political and legal consequences of an American preventive attack on Iraq would undermine, not protect, U.S. security and standing in the world." The signers are these, with E designating economics; P, physics; C, chemistry; and M, medicine or physiology: George A. Akerlof E

67. AFOSR Nobel Winners Air Force Office of Scientific Research nobel Prize Winners Sponsored by AFOSR. 1976,1959. philip W. anderson Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ. Physics. http://www.afosr.af.mil/afrnobel.htm

Text Version of Site Nobel Prize Winners Sponsored by AFOSR Name and Institution Scientific Discipline and "Award Citation Excerpt" Year Prize Awarded Year AFOSR Support Began Supported by AFOSR Before They Won the Prize Polykarp Kusch Columbia University, New York, NY Physics "precision determination of the magnetic moment of the electron" Willis Eugene Lamb Stanford University, Stanford, CA Physics "discoveries concerning the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum" John Bardeen University of Illinois, Urbana, IL Physics "researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect" Willard F. Libby University of California, Los Angeles, CA Chemistry "method to use carbon-14 for age determination in archaeology, geology, geophysics, and other branches of science" Robert Hofstadter Stanford University, Stanford, CA Physics "pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his thereby achieved discoveries concerning the structure of the nucleons" Eugene Paul Wigner Princeton University

68. Nobel Prize Winners : Physics nobel Prize Winners in Physics. 1977, anderson, philip W. US, contributions tounderstanding the behaviour of electrons in magnetic, noncrystalline solids. http://www.emsb.qc.ca/laurenhill/science/nobelph.html

Nobel Prize Winners in Physics Year Article Country* Achievement Röntgen, Wilhelm Conrad Germany discovery of X rays Lorentz, Hendrik Antoon The Netherlands investigation of the influence of magnetism on radiation Zeeman, Pieter The Netherlands investigation of the influence of magnetism on radiation Becquerel, Henri France discovery of spontaneous radioactivity Curie, Marie France investigations of radiation phenomena discovered by Becquerel Curie, Pierre France investigations of radiation phenomena discovered by Becquerel Rayleigh (of Terling Place), John William Strutt, 3rd Baron U.K. discovery of argon Lenard, Philipp Germany research on cathode rays Thomson, Sir J.J. U.K. researches into electrical conductivity of gases Michelson, A.A. U.S. spectroscopic and metrological investigations Lippmann, Gabriel France photographic reproduction of colours Braun, Ferdinand Germany development of wireless telegraphy Marconi, Guglielmo Italy development of wireless telegraphy Waals, Johannes Diederik van der The Netherlands research concerning the equation of state of gases and liquids Wien, Wilhelm

69. The Nobel Prize ?(Pyotr Kapitsa), (Arno Penzias), ? (RobertWoodrow Wilson) 1977 ?(philip W. anderson), http://home.megapass.co.kr/~jayleen/physics/psy-index.htm

Eric A. Cornell), º¼ÇÁ°­ ÄÉÅ׸¦·¹(Wolfgang Ketterle), Ä® À§¸Õ(Carl E. Wieman) Zhores I. Alferov), Çã¹öÆ® Å©·Ú¸Ó(Herbert Kroemer), Àè ųºñ(Jack S. Kilby) Gerardus 't Hooft), ¸¶¸£Æ¼´µ½º º§Æ®¸¸(Martinus J.G. Veltman) Steven Chu), Ŭ·Îµå ÄÚ¾Ó Å¸´©Áö(Claude Cohen-Tannoudji), Àª¸®¾ö Çʸ³½º(William D. Phillips) David M. Lee), ´õ±Û·¯½º ¿À¼Å·ÎÇÁ(Douglas D. Osheroff), ·Î¹öÆ® ¸®³µå½¼(Robert C. Richardson) Martin L. Perl), ÇÁ·¹µ¥¸¯ ¶óÀνº(Frederick Reines) Bertram N. Brockhouse), Ŭ¸®Æ÷µå ¼È(Clifford G. Shull) Russell A. Hulse), Á¶ÁöÇÁ Å×ÀÏ·¯(Joseph H. Taylor Jr.) Georges Charpak) Pierre-Gilles de Gennes) Jerome I. Friedman), Ç ĵµé(Henry W. Kendall), ¸®³µå ŸÀÏ·¯(Richard E. Taylor) Norman F. Ramsey), Çѽº µ¥¸áÆ®(Hans G. Dehmelt), º¼ÇÁ°­ ÆÄ¿ï(Wolfgang Paul) Leon M. Lederman), ¸áºó ½´¹Ù¸£÷(Melvin Schwartz), Àè ½ºÅ¸Àιö°Å(Jack Steinberger) Ernst Ruska), °Ô¸£Æ® ºñ´ÏÈ÷(Gerd Binnig), ÇÏÀθ®È÷ ·Î·¯(Heinrich Rohrer) Klaus von Klitzing) Carlo Rubbia), ½¸ó ¹Ý µ¥¸£ Æ丣(Simon van der Meer) Subramanyan Chandrasekhar), Àª¸®¾ö ÆÄ¿ï·¯(William A.) Fowler Kenneth G. Wilson)

70. COMPREHENSIVE TEST BAN TREATY EVENT It is imperative that the CTBT be ratified. philip W. anderson PRINCETON UNIVERSITY1977 nobel Prize. Hans A. Bethe CORNELL UNIVERSITY 1967 nobel Prize. http://www.ostp.gov/html/9910_7_2.html

A Letter from Physics Nobel Laureates To Senators of the 106th Congress: We urge you to ratify the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty. The United States signed and ratified the Limited Test Ban Treaty in 1963. In the years since, the nation has played a leadership role in actions to reduce nuclear risks, including the Non-Proliferation Treaty extension, the ABM Treaty, STARTs I and II, and the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty negotiations. Fully informed technical studies have concluded that continued nuclear testing is not required to retain confidence in the safety, reliability and performance of nuclear weapons in the United States’ stockpile, provided science and technology programs necessary for stockpile stewardship are maintained. The Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty is central to future efforts to halt the spread of nuclear weapons. Ratification of the Treaty will mark an important advance in uniting the world in an effort to contain and reduce the dangers of nuclear arms. It is imperative that the CTBT be ratified. Philip W. Anderson

71. Nobel.txt on the occasion of the onehundredth anniversary of the nobel Prize. Physics, 2000)2.Sidney Altman (Chemistry, 1989) 3.philip W. anderson (Physics, 1977) 4 http://faculty.kutztown.edu/bendinsk/nobel.html

Statement by Nobel Laureates on the occasion of the one-hundredth anniversary of the Nobel Prize THE NEXT HUNDRED YEARS 1.Zhores I. Alferov (Physics, 2000) 2.Sidney Altman (Chemistry, 1989) 3.Philip W. Anderson (Physics, 1977) 4.Oscar Arias Sanchez (Peace, 1987) 5.J. Georg Bednorz (Physics, 1987) 6.Bishop Carlos F. X. Belo (Peace, 1996) 7.Baruj Benacerraf (Physiology/Medicine, 1980) 8.Hans A. Bethe (Physics, 1967) 9.Gerd K. Binnig (Physics, 1986) 10.James W. Black (Physiology/Medicine, 1988) 11.Guenter Blobel (Physiology/Medicine, 1999) 12.Nicolaas Bloembergen (Physics, 1981) 13.Norman E. Borlaug (Peace, 1970) 14.Paul D. Boyer (Chemistry, 1997) 15.Bertram N. Brockhouse (Physics, 1994) 16.Herbert C. Brown (Chemistry, 1979) 17.Georges Charpak (Physics, 1992) 18.Claude Cohen-Tannoudji (Physics, 1997) 19.John W. Cornforth (Chemistry, 1975) 20.Francis H.C. Crick (Physiology/ Medicine, 1962) 21.James W. Cronin (Physics, 1980)

72. IT - Nobel Laureates John H. Van Vleck Faculty member 192428 nobel Prize in physics, 1977 Van Vleckshared 1977 nobel Prize in physics with philip W. anderson and Sir Nevill F http://www.itdean.umn.edu/about/awards/nobel.html

Nobel Laureates Faculty Laureates John Bardeen Faculty member 1938-45 Nobel Prize in physics, 1956 and 1972 Bardeen shared the 1956 prize with William B. Shockley and Walter H. Brattain (Physics Ph.D. '29) for their joint invention of the transistor. Together with Leon N. Cooper and John R. Schrieffer, he won the 1972 prize for the development of the theory of superconductivity. Arthur H. Compton Faculty member 1916-17 Nobel Prize in physics, 1927 Compton won the Nobel Prize (along with C.T.R. Wilson of England) for his discovery and explanation of the so-called "Compton effect," the change in the wavelength of X-rays when they collide with electrons in metals. William N. Lipscomb

73. Università Di Milano Bicocca - Corso Di Laurea In Scienza Dei Materiali Translate this page philip anderson e Nevil Mott philip W. anderson, Nevill F. Mott hanno vinto ilpremio nobel per la fisica del 1977 per i loro studi teorici sulla struttura http://www2.mater.unimib.it/cdl/nobel/anderson.html

Philip Anderson e Nevil Mott Philip W. Anderson, Nevill F. Mott hanno vinto il premio Nobel per la fisica del 1977 per i loro studi teorici sulla struttura elettronica dei sistemi disordinati. In materiali cristallini, gli atomi formano un reticolo regolare e questo semplifica molto il calcolo teorico delle proprietà elettroniche. In sistemi disordinati proprio la mancanza di periodicità nella disposizione degli atomi rende estremamente complessa la loro trattazione teorica. Mott e Anderson hanno definito molti nuovi concetti che sono oggi centrali nella nostra comprensione dei materiali disordinati. Le loro idee sono state sperimentalmente verificate in molti e differenti sistemi fisici e hanno condotto allo sviluppo di importanti applicazioni tecnologiche. Uno dei principali contributi di Mott alla fisica dello stato solido è legato al fenomeno noto come Mott's transition. La teoria a bande permette di classificare i materiali in metalli, semiconduttori ed isolanti sulla base delle loro proprietà elettroniche. La previsioni della teoria trovano conferma in moltissime classi di materiali, con qualche notevole eccezione. Ad esempio l'ossido di nickel che, in accordo con la teoria a bande dovrebbe essere un metallo, ha caratteristiche di conducibilità elettrica simili ad un isolante. Mott ha mostrato come questo possa essere compreso sulla base dell'interazione fra elettroni (che la teoria a bande include solo in modo approssimato).

74. Statement By Nobel Laureates On The Occasion Of The One-hundredth Anniversary Of prepared in consultation with an extensive group of nobel prizewinners Physics, 2000)2. Sidney Altman (Chemistry, 1989) 3. philip W. anderson (Physics, 1977 http://www.wagingpeace.org/articles/01.12/011211nobelstatement.htm

Statement by Nobel Laureates on the occasion of the one-hundredth anniversary of the Nobel Prize Introduction Preamble Statement Introduction 110 Nobel Prize Winners Look Ahead On the 100th Anniversary of the Nobel Prize. Dateline Stockholm; December 11, 2001. The attached Statement was released as 150 Nobel Laureates gathered in Stockholm, Sweden, and Oslo, Norway, for an unprecedented celebration marking the 100th Anniversary of the Nobel Prize. (The prize winners in Physics, Chemistry, Medicine, Literature and Economics meet in Stockholm where their prizes were awarded, and, correspondingly, the Peace Prize winners meet in Oslo.) In brief, the Statement warns that the world may explode into war if modern weapons continue to spread, and environmental strains remain unchecked. It stresses that we shall not have enduring peace until we address the twin scourges of poverty and oppression, and calls for a new sense of global responsibility. It hardly need be said that the signatories make no claim to oracular status, but offer their views as a group of concerned citizens.

75. Nobel Laureates the 100th anniversary of the nobel prize, 100 nobel laureates have I. Alferov, Physics,2000 Sidney Altman, Chemistry, 1989 philip W. anderson, Physics, 1977 http://www.onlinecreativeconcepts.com/nobellaureates.html

Nobel Laureates Issue Dire Warning Nobel Laureates Issue Dire Warning OSLO, Norway (OTVNewswire) At the Nobel Peace Prize Centennial Symposium here yesterday celebrating the 100th anniversary of the Nobel prize, 100 Nobel laureates have issued a brief but dire warning of the "profound dangers" facing the world. Their statement predicts that our security depends on immediate environmental and social reform. The following is the text of their statement: THE STATEMENT The most profound danger to world peace in the coming years will stem not from the irrational acts of states or individuals but from the legitimate demands of the world's dispossessed. Of these poor and disenfranchised, the majority live a marginal existence in equatorial climates. Global warming, not of their making but originating with the wealthy few, will affect their fragile ecologies most. Their situation will be desperate and manifestly unjust. It cannot be expected, therefore, that in all cases they will be content to await the beneficence of the rich. If then we permit the devastating power of modern weaponry to spread through this combustible human landscape, we invite a conflagration that can engulf both rich and poor. The only hope for the future lies in co-operative international action, legitimized by democracy. It is time to turn our backs on the unilateral search for security, in which we seek to shelter behind walls. Instead, we must persist in the quest for united action to counter both global warming and a weaponized world. These twin goals will constitute vital components of stability as we move toward the wider degree of social justice that alone gives hope of peace.

76. The Manila Times Internet Edition LIFE TIMES Nobel By Belle Dumé. Fortyone American nobel laureates have signed a declaration opposingwar with Iraq. Physics. philip W. anderson, Hans A. Bethe, Nicolaas http://www.manilatimes.net/national/2003/mar/11/life/20030311lif4.html

77. Yorkshire CND - Nobel Winners Urge Halt To Missile Plan - 6/7/00 philip W. anderson PRINCETON UNIVERSITY 1977 nobel Prize in physics.Kenneth J. Arrow STANFORD UNIVERSITY 1972 nobel Prize in economics. http://www.gn.apc.org/cndyorks/yspace/articles/bmd152.htm

July 6 2000 Nobel Winners Urge Halt to Missile Plan By WILLIAM J. BROAD, New York Times http://www.nytimes.com/library/world/global/070600missile-nobel.html A group of 50 Nobel laureates has signed an open letter to President Clinton urging him to reject a proposed $60 billion missile defense system. The group said the plan would be wasteful and dangerous. "The system would offer little protection and would do grave harm to this nation's core security interests," the laureates wrote before the system's ground-based interceptor is tested on Friday. All the signers are American citizens or have worked much of their lives in the United States. The letter, to be sent today to the White House, was organized by the Federation of American Scientists, a group in Washington that opposes the missile plan. Although laureates occasionally band together in informal groups to address issues, it is unusual for so many to do so. Federation officials said the assembly might be the largest ever. Hans A. Bethe, a Nobel winner in physics who was a main architect of the atom bomb, helped write the letter and was the first to sign. The others include 21 who won in physics, 11 in chemistry, 14 in biology or medicine and 4 in economics, representing about half of all living American science Nobel winners. The one-page letter said scientists independent of the Pentagon have long argued that foes could outwit or overwhelm any such attempt at defense. The letter also noted that North Korea, whose missile program is a main reason that the Pentagon wants to build its system, had recently taken steps toward reconciliation with South Korea. "Other dangerous states will arise," the letter said. "But what would such a state gain by attacking the United States except its own destruction?"

78. Yorkshire CND - 41 Nobel Laureates Sign Against A War Without International Supp In October 1999, 32 nobel laureates in physics urged the Senate to approve theComprehensive Test Ban Treaty George A. Akerlof E philip W. anderson P Paul http://www.cndyorks.gn.apc.org/news/articles/iraq/nobelwinnersagainstwar.htm

28 January 2003 41 Nobel Laureates Sign Against a War Without International Support by William J. Broad The New York Times Forty-one American Nobel laureates in science and economics issued a declaration yesterday opposing a preventive war against Iraq without wide international support. The statement, four sentences long, argues that an American attack would ultimately hurt the security and standing of the United States, even if it succeeds. The signers, all men, include a number who at one time or another have advised the federal government or played important roles in national security. Among them are Hans A. Bethe, an architect of the atom bomb; Walter Kohn, a former adviser to the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency at the Pentagon; Norman F. Ramsey, a Manhattan Project scientist who readied the Hiroshima bomb and later advised NATO; and Charles H. Townes, former research director of the Institute for Defense Analyses at the Pentagon and chairman of a federal panel that studied how to base the MX missile and its nuclear warheads. In addition to winning Nobel prizes, 18 of the signers have received the National Medal of Science, the nation's highest science honor.

79. Fulbright Program Alumni Win Nobel Prize Department of State Fulbright Program alumni who are nobel Laureates Dr. philip W.anderson – USA, Physics 1977 Fulbright Scholar in Japan, 195354. http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2001/6610.htm

[Print Friendly Version] Media Note Office of the Spokesman Washington, DC November 30, 2001 Fulbright Program Alumni Win Nobel Prize Two U.S. alumni of the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs’ Fulbright Program, Joseph E. Stiglitz of Columbia University and George A. Akerlof of the University of California at Berkeley, were honored at a White House reception on Tuesday celebrating their 2001 Nobel Prize in economics. President Bush recognized the Nobel laureates for using their "great gifts" to the fullest in their contributions to society. Stiglitz and Akerlof’s contributions form the core of modern information economics. Stiglitz, who was Chief Economist and Senior Vice President for the World Bank (1997-99) and Chair of the President's Council of Economic Advisors (1995-97), and Akerlof, since 1994 senior non-resident fellow at the Brookings Institution, both earned doctorates in economics from MIT in 1966 and were awarded Fulbright fellowships at the beginning of their careers. Stiglitz was a Fulbright Fellow in economics at the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom (1969-70). Akerlof was a Fulbright Scholar at the Indian Statistical Institute in New Delhi (1967-68). Stiglitz and Akerlof, who share this year's Nobel Prize in economics with A. Michael Spence of Stanford University, "laid the foundation for a general theory of markets with asymmetric information" during the 1970s. "The Fulbright Program played a pivotal role in my professional development, both by providing me with an opportunity to broaden my intellectual horizons, studying with some of the world’s leading economists at Cambridge University, and enabling me to see the world through quite different perspectives," said Joseph Stiglitz. "Some of the research collaborations I began during that year have lasted over the following three decades. The international perspectives served me well, especially when I became Chief Economist and Senior Vice President of the World Bank."

80. Nobel Laureates Call For Action On Global Warming At The Kyoto Climate Summit Selected Prominent Signatories to the World Scientists' Call for Action atthe Kyoto Climate Summit. nobel LAUREATES. * philip W. anderson, USA. http://dieoff.org/page123.htm

Home WORLD SCIENTISTS' CALL FOR ACTION AT THE KYOTO CLIMATE SUMMIT Five years ago, in the World Scientists' Warning to Humanity , 1600 of the world's senior scientists sounded an unprecedented warning: Human activities inflict harsh and often irreversible damage on the environment and on critical resources. If not checked, many of our current practices put at serious risk the future that we wish for human society and the plant and animal kingdoms. Addressed to political, industrial, religious, and scientific leaders, the Warning demonstrated that the scientific community had reached a consensus that grave threats imperil the future of humanity and the global environment. However, over four years have passed, and progress has been woefully inadequate. Some of the most serious problems have worsened. Invaluable time has been squandered because so few leaders have risen to the challenge. The December 1997 Climate Summit in Kyoto, Japan, presents a unique opportunity. The world's political leaders can demonstrate a new commitment to the protection of the environment. The goal is to strengthen the 1992 Framework Convention on Climate Change by agreeing to effective controls on human practices affecting climate. This they can and must do, primarily by augmenting the Convention's voluntary measures with legally binding commitments to reduce industrial nations' emissions of heat-trapping gases significantly below 1990 levels in accordance with a near-term timetable.

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