21. NSCORT / Exobiology The NASA Specialized Center of Research and Training in Gravitational Biology is a partnership with Category Science Astronomy Extraterrestrial Life exobiology......This page has been moved to http//exobio.ucsd.edu/NSCORT.htm . Pleaseuse that page and store it with your favorite bookmarks in http://www-chem.ucsd.edu/~nscort/NSCORT.html

This page has been moved to http://exobio.ucsd.edu/NSCORT.htm . Please use that page and store it with your favorite bookmarks in place of the one for this page. Fast-loading version of this page NASA Specialized Center of Research and Training (NSCORT / Exobiology) Education Outreach Research ... 1999 ISSOL Meeting Notice: We advise people interested in the "Origins of Life Prize" mentioned in the US.Net web pages that we know nothing about this contest. You are advised to determine the source of funding, if any, before spending any time on it. Originated by Kevin Walda, Oct. 30, 1996. Questions?

22. NSCORT/Exobiology NASA Specialized Center of Research and Training (NSCORT/exobiology). Administration.exobiology Related Links. kwalda Oct. 30, 1996. http://www-chem.ucsd.edu/~nscort/Nscort.html

This page has been moved to http://exobio.ucsd.edu/ . Please use that page and store it with your favorite bookmarks in place of the one for this page. NASA Specialized Center of Research and Training (NSCORT/Exobiology) Education Outreach Research ... kwalda Oct. 30, 1996

23. Europa Exobiology Page They also demonstrate that there was enough heat to drive the flows on the surface.Europa thus has a high potential to meet the criteria for exobiology. http://www.seds.org/~rme/europa.htm

Could Europa Support Primative Life Forms? Basic Properties of Europa (Ref: "Saturn" by Arizona Press) Semimajor axis = 670,900 km Orbital period = 3.551 days Orbital inclination = 0.47 degrees Eccentricity = 0.01 Radius = 1569 km Mass = 0.008 Earth masses Mean density = 2.97 g/cm Recent images taken by the Galileo SSI camera show regions on Europa resembling ice flows in Earth's polar regions, along with possible geyser-like eruptions and long dark bands centered with white stripes that stretch across Europa's surface. In some areas, the ice is fragmented into large pieces (as large as 30 km across) that have shifted away from one another. This indicates that the ice crust (as thick as 100 km) of Europa has been or still is lubricated from beneath by warm ice or maybe liquid water. Heat generated by tidal forces due to Jupiter's strong gravitational forces may be sufficient to liquefy some portion of Europa's icy crust. If Europa does indeed have a liquid ocean below its crust, could this ocean's environment support some type of primative life forms? Recent images taken by the Galileo spacecraft appear to enhance Europa's prospects as one of the places in the Solar System that could have hosted the development of life. They also demonstrate that there was enough heat to drive the flows on the surface. Europa thus has a high potential to meet the criteria for exobiology.

24. Institute For Exobiology Institute for exobiology Our purpose is to allay the confusion and disinformationsurrounding exobiology and ufology. HR Olson, MA. howard.olson@usa.net. http://members.tripod.com/~hrolson/

Institute for Exobiology The Institute for Exobiology [base for Libertarian UFO Network] is dedicated to scientific research and dissemination of information about extraterrestrial life. Our purpose is to allay the confusion and disinformation surrounding exobiology and ufology. H R Olson, MA howard.olson@usa.net Relevant Links Meta Research (Washington, DC) Dr. Tom Van Flandern's excellent website. He has a PhD in Astronomy from Yale and is a former Chief of celestial mechanics of the US Naval Observatory. Federation of American Scientists Excellent online discussions about Mars and Space Policy open to all The McDaniel Report Prof. Stanley McDaniel's excellent website about the Cydonia region of Mars Operation Right to Know (ORTK) ORTK has a no nonsense approach to the end of UFO secrecy The RNA World An interesting summary and critique of the molecular evolution of RNA. Libertarian UFO Network Political (or Anti-Political?) Branch of this Site ExoScience site Rational approach to Space Sciences The Institute for Exobiology is involved in fundamental research in molecular exobiology. It is also involved with activism to help undo the cold-war mentality surrounding the subject of UFOs. It will be our goal to cooperate with groups like Operation Right to Know to inform the public about the relationship between exobiology and ufology. The Institute will also be involved in development of a dialog among ufologists in the Libertarian Party for a radical libertarian perspective on the ending of the UFO Cover-up. Please e-mail me with any questions vis a vis the Institute and its research or activist goals.

25. EXOBIOLOGY: An Interview With Stanley L. Miller Beach An interview with exobiology pioneer, Dr. Stanley L. Miller, Universityof California San Diego. Excellence. Join the exobiology discussion. http://www.accessexcellence.org/WN/NM/miller.html

Image credits From Primordial Soup to the Prebiotic Beach An interview with exobiology pioneer, Dr. Stanley L. Miller , University of California San Diego By Sean Henahan, Access Excellence Join the exobiology discussion 1n 1953, a University of Chicago graduate student named Stanley Miller working in Harold Urey's lab flipped a switch sending electric current through a chamber containing a combination of methane, ammonia, hydrogen and water. The experiment yielded organic compounds including amino acids, the building blocks of life, and catapulted a field of study known as exobiology into the headlines. Since that time a new understanding of the workings of RNA and DNA, have increased the scope of the subject. Moreover, the discovery of prebiotic conditions on other planets and the announcement of a bacterial fossil originating on Mars has brought new attention to the study of life's origins. I spoke with Dr. Miller in his lab at UCSD about the field he has helped to make famous, exobiology. Let start with the basics. Can you give a simple definition of exobiology?

26. Astrochemistry's Links Origin of Life, exobiology, Astrobiology. a page of links and more. exobiologyis the study of the origin of life on this or other planets. http://web99.arc.nasa.gov/~astrochm/originlinks.html

Origin of Life, Exobiology, Astrobiology a page of links and more Exobiology is the study of the origin of life on this or other planets. It is a highly interdisciplinary subject which employs chemistry, biology, astronomy, geology, and all of the fields between. As a result, web pages relevant to the origin of life tend to be scattered. Here is a compilation of a few links to the origin of life and related subjects. Clicking on the ball opens the link in a new window (with JavaScript and a version 3 or newer browser) Origins of Life Programs NSCORT: Exobiology Origin of life research, a consortium among UCSD (departments of Chemistry and Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) , and The Salk Institute NSCORT: The New York Center for Studies of the Origins of Life Origin of life research at RPI and SUNY Albany NASA Ames Space Sciences Origin of life research and more. NASA Ames Exobiology Exobiology research within the above link. NASA Astrobiology Institute A grand program designed to cut to the heart of the origin of life via many institutions Ames Penn State UCLA ... U. Colorado

27. Exobiology Of Comets And Meteorites: Annotated Bibliography The Net Advance of Physics ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHIES, No. 1. Organicand PreBiotic Chemistry of Meteorites and Comets 1834-1996. http://web.mit.edu/redingtn/www/netadv/bioast/clash/

The Net Advance of Physics: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHIES, No. 1 Organic and Pre-Biotic Chemistry of Meteorites and Comets: 1834-1996 First Edition, 1996 August 19. Last Updated: October 24. ABSTRACT: Text of Article: Annotated Bibliographies: General Overviews of Subject Papers to 1950 Abiotic Synthesis of Meteoritic Organic Matter Influx of Prebiotic Material from Space ... RETURN TO NET ADVANCE OF PHYSICS HOMEPAGE

28. ThinkQuest Library Of Entries Introduction to exobiology. Last updated 30/1/01. What is exobiology? exobiologyis the study of organisms that originate from outside of Earth. http://library.thinkquest.org/C003763/index.php?page=exobio01

29. ThinkQuest Library Of Entries exobiology Companion Guide Note All Companion Guides are intendedto be read alongside the pages discussed it might be useful http://library.thinkquest.org/C003763/index.php?page=lesson01

30. Exobiology The properties of species that survive for long periods of time in glacial ice mayreveal traits essential for the persistence of life on the frozen surfaces http://www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~bchristn/html/exobiology.html

NASA has scheduled a sample return mission that may happen as early as 2003. Will we know what types of life to look for? Life in the Ice Introduction Research Exobiology ... Brent Christner

31. The Joshua Lederberg Papers: Exobiology exobiology. While at Stanford, Joshua Lederberg was one of the first scientiststo coin the term exobiology for the study of life outside the atmosphere. http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/BB/Views/Exhibit/narrative/exobio.html

The Joshua Lederberg Papers Exobiology Documents Visuals Exhibit Biographical Information ... Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems Exobiology Emerging Infectious Disease and Biological Warfare Health and the Future All Visuals While at Stanford, Joshua Lederberg was one of the first scientists to coin the term "exobiology" for the study of life outside the atmosphere. Working with famed astronomer Carl Sagan, Lederberg played a large part in establishing exobiology as a scientific discipline. As a consultant to the Space Science Board of the National Academy of Sciences, Lederberg took an active interest in the search for life on other planets, particularly the Mariner and Viking space missions in the 1960s and 1970s that explored Mars for the possibility of extraterrestrial life. Having worked with bacteria his entire professional career, the Nobel Prize-winning scientist (along with Sagan and geneticist H. J. Muller) reasoned that bacteria were likely the only form of life that could survive space's hostile environment. To that end, Lederberg became concerned that future space flights from Earth could inadvertently contaminate and ruin bacterial ecosystems in outer space, or worse, could bring back foreign bacteria that might have a devastating effect on life on Earth. (Such a scenario was depicted in Michael Crichton's book and film The Andromeda Strain.

32. Sciforums.com - Astronomy, Exobiology, & Cosmology sciforums.com Science Astronomy, exobiology, Cosmology Moderated by wet1,Thread, Thread Starter, Replies, Views, Rating, Last Post Reverse Sort Order. http://www.sciforums.com/forumdisplay.php?forumid=6

33. Sciforums.com Archives Astronomy, exobiology, Cosmology 1999 August week 1 week 2 week 3 week4 September week 1 week 2 week 3 week 4 October week 1 week 2 week 3 week 4 http://www.sciforums.com/archive/6

Archives August week 1 week 2 week 3 week 4 September week 1 week 2 week 3 week 4 October week 1 week 2 week 3 week 4 November week 1 week 2 week 3 week 4 December week 1 week 2 week 3 week 4 January week 1 week 2 week 3 week 4 February week 1 week 2 week 3 week 4 March week 1 week 2 week 3 week 4 April week 1 week 2 week 3 week 4 May week 1 week 2 week 3 week 4 June week 1 week 2 week 3 week 4 July week 1 week 2 week 3 week 4 August week 1 week 2 week 3 week 4 September week 1 week 2 week 3 week 4 October week 1 week 2 week 3 week 4 November week 1 week 2 week 3 week 4 December week 1 week 2 week 3 week 4 January week 1 week 2 week 3 week 4 February week 1 week 2 week 3 week 4 March week 1 week 2 week 3 week 4 April week 1 week 2 week 3 week 4 May week 1 week 2 week 3 week 4 June week 1 week 2 week 3 week 4 July week 1 week 2 week 3 week 4 August week 1 week 2 week 3 week 4 September week 1 week 2 week 3 week 4 October week 1 week 2 week 3 week 4 November week 1 week 2 week 3 week 4 December week 1 week 2 week 3 week 4 January week 1 week 2 week 3 week 4 February week 1 week 2 week 3 week 4 March week 1 week 2 week 3 week 4 April week 1 week 2 week 3 week 4 May week 1 week 2 week 3 week 4 June week 1 week 2 week 3 week 4 July week 1 week 2 week 3 week 4 August week 1 week 2 week 3 week 4 September week 1 week 2 week 3 week 4 October week 1 week 2 week 3 week 4 November week 1 week 2 week 3 week 4 December week 1 week 2 week 3 week 4 January

34. Exobiology My publications. Membrane proteins. exobiology. ACTIONS. Mail Tim. Search. Dept.of Biochemistry. School of Biology. exobiology, These pages are being rewritten. http://www.bio.cam.ac.uk/~tjs23/europa.html

THE WEB PAGES OF TIM STEVENS These pages are undergoing redevelopment at the moment: more soon! PERSONAL Me and my brain Contact information Links pages My old friends SCIENCE My publications Membrane proteins Exobiology ACTIONS Mail Tim Search COMMERCIAL Orchid Cars Pantonia ON THIS SERVER Dept. of Biochemistry School of Biology Exobiology These pages are being re-written.

35. Exobiology References exobiology References. Gustaf Arrhenius 1991); A. Brack, Why exobiologyon Mars? 44 Planetary and Space Science 1435 (Nov. 1996). P http://dcypser.tripod.com/pp/exo.html

Exobiology References Gustaf Arrhenius, and Stephen Mojzsis, Extraterrestrial life: Life on Marsthen and now, 6 Current Biology 1213 (1996) K. Biemann, et al, The Search for Organic Substances and Inorganic Volatile Compounds in the Surface of Mars, Scientific Results of the Viking Project 4641 (reprinted from Jour. of Geophysical Res.) (Sept. 30, 1977). R. J. Bond et al, Microorganisms on Mars, 156 Science 1436 (1967) William A. Bonner,Terrestrial and Extraterrestrial Sources of Molecular Homochirality, 21 Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere 407 (1991) A. Brack, Why exobiology on Mars? 44 Planetary and Space Science 1435 (Nov. 1996). Michael Carlowicz, Did Mars Once Harbor Life? 76 EOS, Trans. of Amer. Geophys. Union 442 (1995) S. Chang, Organic Chemical Evolution, Life in the Universe 21 (J. Billingham, ed. 1981). Chemical EvolutionPhysics of the Origin and Evolution of Life: Proc. 4th Trieste Conf. Chemical Evolution, (Julian Chela-Flores and Francois Raulin, eds. 1996). Comets and the Origin and Evolution of life (Paul J. Thomas, Christopher F. Chyba, Christopher P. McKay, eds., 1997).

36. Exobiology, Looking For Life In This Galaxy Life in this Galaxy. creeping_martian Looking for Evidence of exobiology.Active Exploration Missions June 2002. Mars Stardust exobiology Links. http://www.execulink.com/~louisew/lifelinks.htm

Life in this Galaxy Looking for Evidence of Exobiology Active Exploration Missions June 2002 Mars Global Surveyor Mars Odyssey Origins Program Cassini to Saturn ... Galileo to Jupiter BRAKING NEWS Check it out Water under Europa's surface ice Check it out Kepler Search for habitable Planets Check it out ESI Mars Express Check it out Mars Rover 2003 Check it out Mars Beagle2 Check it out Space Interferometer Check it out Stardust Exobiology Links Rare Earth: Interview with Peter Ward Astrobiology NASA Astrobiology.com Astrobiology Index ... Astrobiology ThinkQuest Team C003763 Exobiology Research Planetary Science Research Discoveries Home Page for Bell (1996) Geochemical Society paper Goldin Statement on New Galileo Europa Images Dr. Paul Braterman's Research The Solar System Mars Europa Planet Mars Titan ... The Nine Planets Water in the Solar System Water in Zag meteorite PSR Discoveries: Hot Idea: Ice on the Moon PSR Discoveries: Hot Idea: Mercury Unveiled Jupiter's Europa Harbours Possible "Warm Ice" or Liquid Water ... Titan Objectives Extra Solar Planets Extra solar Planets Encyclopaedia Darwin Home Page - space infrared interferometer - planet finding mission San Francisco State University Planet Search Project Scientific American: Explorations Evidence of Martian biology Evidence of bacteria magnetite crystals Case for Martian life (SA) Life on Mars (FAS) Centre for Mars Exploration Home Page (AMES) ... Scientific American Mars Bugs Aug. 96

37. Exobiology exobiology. Current research Evolution of organic matter in space (Ehrenfreund,RUL, MG049); Organic chemistry on Mars (Ehrenfreund, RUL, MG-058, new project). http://www.sron.nl/external_research/exobiology.htm

Exobiology Current research: Evolution of organic matter in space (Ehrenfreund, RUL, MG-049) Organic chemistry on Mars (Ehrenfreund, RUL, MG-058, new project Recently completed research: Photoprocessing of grain mantle analogues and shielding of spores (Greenberg, RUL, MG-003) Evolution of organic matter in space (MG-049) PI: Prof Dr P. Ehrenfreund, RUL The initial aim of project MG-049 was to expose large polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to solar and cosmic radiation on the international space station (ISS) to better understand the response of these molecules to space conditions. Physical limitations in experimental equipment controls the simulation time accessible to us. Therefore a long duration exposure experiment on ISS will be performed and a short exposure experiment on the Biopan module of Foton-M1. The loss of the Soyuz rocket that carried the Biopan module (October 15 2002), and the delay of flight opportunities for ISS greatly limits the progress of this research programme. Earth based laboratory simulation studies are therefore the main focus of our near future progress. Currently we are performing a particle irradiation programme in collaboration with NASA Goddard Space Flight Center in Washington and results of this project will be published in 2003. Moreover, we will continue our space programme with the possible re-flight of the Biopan experiment in 2004 and flight oportunity for ISS in 2005. Back to Top.

38. Collins Encyclopedia Galactica - Exobiology exobiology. http://ceg.starforge.co.uk/exobiology.html

Exobiology Exobiology Subsections The Galactic Map The Major Races The Minor Races Related Links The Galactic Map Ovaska Vaipen Korhonen ... Union of Independent Worlds See Also The Galactic Map This map includes the latest available data to bring you a comprehensive view of the distribution of all the major groups and races in our galaxy. Back to top The Major Races Of the 20 or so known races only 6 have risen to significant powers. The oldest, the Vaipen and Ovaska, have control over considerable parts of the galaxy but they appear to have halted any advancement of their borders and have created a mysterious secrecy surrounding their actions. Ovaska Vaipen Korhonen Mogensen ... Back to top The Minor Races The remainder of sentient races are clustered in an area approximately equal in size to the Korhonen Enclosure. After the destruction of a Rahn colony by the Elarien in 2005 these worlds formed the Union of independent Worlds, governed by an elected council which is designed to allow the worlds to work together for mutual protection. Union of Independent Worlds Back to top Collins Encyclopedia Galactica - All Contents © Eddie Collins Chris Page

39. Planetary Exobiology Planetary exobiology. Most exobiology. News; Origin of life on Earth;Life in extreme environments; Models of life; Planetary exobiology; http://www.spaceflight.esa.int/users/file.cfm?filename=userd-ape-pex

40. Astro/Exobiology And Planetary Exploration Astro/exobiology and Planetary Exploration. Welcome to the Virtual Institutefor Exo/Astrobiology of the European Space Agency (ESA). http://www.spaceflight.esa.int/users/file.cfm?filename=userd-ape

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