21. Vatican City Home page of the vatican; Citta' del vaticano; Rome Reborn The vatican Libraryand Renaissance culture; World Heritage city; Glass Steel and Stone. http://www.thesalmons.org/lynn/wh-vatican.html

Vatican City (41.85 N 12.65 E) Links with more information: The Holy See, Vatican Web Site Windows on Italy: Vatican City Home page of the Vatican Citta' del Vaticano ... Glass Steel and Stone Back to the World Heritage List

22. Inside The Vatican: This Story People culture. Related Sites Stories. - E-mailthis story Sponsored in part by. Inside the vatican A city-State http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2001/11/1118_vaticanstgate.html

A City-State Sign up for our free e-mail newsletter Also see: Today's Top Stories This Story E-mail this story Sponsored in part by Inside the Vatican A City-State National Geographic Television Special Airs in the U.S. on PBS Page five of eleven The Vatican is the smallest sovereign state in the world, measuring only about 109 acres (44 hectares). It is ringed with centuries-old walls and entirely surrounded by the city of Rome. But it is a separate nation, formed in 1929 in a treaty with the Italian government. This independence is the Vatican's most important secular feature because it protects the pope from outside interference. Dominated by St. Peter's Basilica and its embracing colonnade, Vatican city covers 108.7 acres on a site known to ancient Romans as Mons Vaticanus. Popes lost political power over Rome and the surrounding papal states with the unification of Italy (1861-70) but remained in residence as self-styled "prisoners of the Vatican." Mussolini's government recognized Vatican City as an independent state in the 1929 Lateran Treaty. Photograph by James L. Stanfield, circa 1985

23. Inside The Vatican: The Holy See This Story People culture. Related Sites Stories. - E-mail thisstory Sponsored in part by. More Information. Holy See (vatican city) http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2001/11/1118_vaticandiplomacy.html

Sign up for our free e-mail newsletter Also see: Today's Top Stories This Story E-mail this story Sponsored in part by Inside the Vatican : The Holy See National Geographic Television Special Airs in the U.S. on PBS Page seven of eleven World leaders are drawn to the Vatican not because of its emerging economy or potential trade benefits. They come because they want to make personal contact with Pope John Paul II, the spiritual leader of more than one billion Catholics worldwide. His undeniably influential role in the fall of communism and his tireless efforts for peace, give him great stature on the world stage. But his stands on issues like birth control and abortion, Third World debt, and religious freedom have made him controversial as well. U.S. President George W. Bush presents Pope John Paul II with a gift following their meeting at the pope's country retreat, Castel Gandolfo, July 23, 2001. More News Diary of the Planet The Environment Travel National Geographic Today Special Series Digital Lifestyles: feature by Sony EarthPulse National Geographic Out There ... Mount Everest Expedition Critics contend that on some issues he is too theologically conservative for the times, but the steady parade of world leaders has made it plain that he is a man to be reckoned with. There are few experiences, even for a world leader, as daunting as being escorted through the elaborate halls of the Apostolic Palace. Along the way, thousands of years of history and power make their impression before the leader even lays his eyes on the pope.

24. Swiss Culture - Swiss Gaurd. The halbard is the traditional weapon carried by Swiss Guards. Themembers of the Swiss Guard reside in a barrack in vatican city. http://ch.c-d.org/ch/culture_swissguard.html

The Swiss Guard Current profile While much of the work of the present day guards is ceremonial, they are responsible for the security at the Apostolic Palace, the papal apartment and the four main entrances to the Vatican. They are also in charge of the pontiff's physical safety when he travels outside the city state. The Swiss Guard, the world's smallest and perhaps most colorful army, has been the chief protectors of the pontiff. Clad in Renaissance helmets and blue, red and yellow tunics (the colors of the Medici family) that are said to have been designed by Michelangelo. For routine work, the guards wear blue uniforms and berets. The Swiss Guard currently consists of a total of 100 men: 4 officials, 1 chaplain, 23 noncommissioned officers, 70 halbardiers, and 2 drummers. The halbard is the traditional weapon carried by Swiss Guards. The members of the Swiss Guard reside in a barrack in Vatican City. They serve for two years, with the possibility of extending the period to a maximum of 25 years. During this period they receive training in self-defence, attend shooting practice, take course in Italian and study the organizational structure of the Vatican. At the end of the first year they must take a very thorough exam. Guard recruits must be Roman Catholic men of Swiss nationality who are single, under 30 years old and stand at least 5-feet, 8-inches tall. Guards need to have completed their initial military training in the Swiss Armed Forces, and obtained a certificate of good conduct from an ecclesiastical and a civil authority.

25. Rome Walking Tour, Italy, Travel Guide, Tour Roma through the Roman Forum, where the city's culture and history most important of theancient city, in its The vatican When the vatican permits, licensed guides http://www.eternaltourist.com/walktour.htm

"We did enjoy our time in Rome and appreciate so much your helpful discourse. Ken preferred Rome to all the places we visited. We feel we were able to cover so much more ground having had your help than we would have on our own, so we thank you." Quincy Butler, Falls Church, Virginia Mayta Munson Your Licensed Rome Tour Guide e-mail: mayta@eternaltourist.com tel: (01139) 06-5817571 mobile phone: (01139) 348-3360850 Walks Ancient Rome and Michelangelo Walks Through Living History A 4-hour walking tour. We start on the Oppian Hill to visit the Church of St Peter in Chains and Michelangelo's Moses, a masterpiece in marble. A walk down the hill takes us to the Colosseum, a symbol of Rome for the ages, and then through the Roman Forum, where the city's culture and history were forged. We walk up to the Capitoline Hill, one of the most important of the ancient city, in its present form Rome's civic center and a testament to Michelangelo's architectural vision. Then on to the Pantheon, Rome's best preserved ancient temple and a marvel of architecture in its entirety and in every detail. The Vatican: When the Vatican permits, licensed guides are allowed to enter the Museums between 8:00 and 8:45 AM before the official opening hour, permitting us to avoid possible long lines and keep ahead of the crowds.

26. Aci Digital - Catholic Newsletter- 24December 8, 1985; VII Ordinary Assembly of world Synod of Bishops, vatican city,October 1-30, 1987. President of Pontifical Council for culture, April 19 http://www.petersvoice.org/Cardinals/poupard.htm

John Mallon Dr. Ken Craven William Saunders Vinnie Cacace ... Catholic material POUPARD, Paul Birth Education Priesthood Episcopate Cardinalate PetersVoice Contact Us

27. Around The World In 80 Clicks: Photo Categories: Culture & Religion find all pictures currently on this site in the category culture Religion DuomoPicture of Milan Duomo Picture of Rambla Picture of vatican city Picture of http://www.traveladventures.org/pictures/culture.shtml

Other categories: Architecture Art Bridges Coastline ... Various e-mail: pictures@traveladventures.org

28. Sicilian Culture: FAQs & Information: Phone Dialing Codes For Italy, Siciy & Vat Sicilian culture Information Phone Dialing Codes. Dialing Codes forItaly, including vatican city Italy Country Code 39. NOTE Since http://www.sicilianculture.com/info/phone.htm

Sicilian Culture sicilianculture.com Please support this site by shopping at Sicilian Culture: Information: Phone Dialing Codes Dialing Codes for Italy, including Vatican City Italy Country Code NOTE: Since December 1998, calls to the cities below and all other points in Italy must include a leading "0" regardless of whether the call originates within or outside of Italy. However, the leading "0" is not required with mobile phones. City Codes Ancona Bari Bergamo Bologna Brescia Brindisi Cagliari Capri Catania Como Florence (Firenze) Genoa Madonna de Campiglio Manfredonia Messina Milan Monza Naples Padova Palermo Pisa Rimini Rome Savona Torino Trieste Venice Verona Vicenza Vatican City Mobile Phone Information Carriers Prefixes Telecom Italia Omnitel WIND BLU In Italy, local area code is now required for all calls to local exchange area. Additionally, further changes in the numbering plan are expected in 2002: Land line phones will be prefixed by "4" vtext.com

29. Frommers.com : Hanging Out : Rome : Culture Zoo culture zoo. Even the most jaded can't help being floored by Rome. vaticanMuseum and Sistine Chapel (vatican city, Vìale vaticano; tel. http://www.frommers.com/hangingout/rome/6017010057.html

This City Entire Site Guidebooks Deals M. Boards destinations hanging out rome culture zoo rome overview crashing eats ... expanded index Community Message Boards Related Links Complete Guide to Rome Book a Trip Air Lodging Package Cruise ... Auto culture zoo Even the most jaded can't help being floored by Rome. Rome can seem almost unreal, something from a book of legends we had as kids. If your curiosity isn't piqued, even a little, to go romp around the ruins, and if the high point of centuries of art just leaves you blank, head cocked to one side saying, "Huh? I don't get it," well, at least you can tell them back home that you tried. Pantheon (Piazza della Rotonda; tel. 06/68-30-02-30; Bus 70, 81, 119, 170; 9am-6pm Mon-Sat; Free admission): Built in 27 b.c., this is one of the undisputed architectural wonders of the world (That dome! That use of space! Those 20-ton doors!) Simply put, it is beautiful, perfect, and peaceful. If you can, go when it's raining but kind of bright; it's especially great when the rain pours in through the hole in the dome onto the stone floor. Santa Cecilia in Trastevere (Piazza di Santa Cecilia; tel. 06/589-92-89; Bus 44, 75; Church and frescoes free, L2,000 admission to excavations; 10am-noon/4-6pm daily, frescoes 10-11:30am Tue, Thur): Get thee to a nunnery! No, really, this is a cool, random place to visitI mean women actually cloister themselves here, renouncing the pleasures of the flesh and all. Sadly, you can't really ogle the nuns, although they are milling about in the background, collecting your suggested donationjust check out the church and artwork.

30. Culture Of The Vatican City - Acapedia - Free Knowledge, For All Friends of Acapedia culture of the vatican city. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.(There is currently no text in this page). Current Events. Sciences. http://acapedia.org/aca/Culture_of_the_Vatican_City

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31. Atlas: Vatican City Daily Almanac Black History Month º World United States History Gov't BiographySports Arts Ent. Business Society culture Health Science. vatican city. http://www.infoplease.com/atlas/country/vaticancity.html

Watch your office LIVE!...24-7 Terrific savings on Toys, Cameras , Videos and much more.. From Amateur Photography to In Depth News..mags from around the world! All Infoplease All Almanacs General Entertainment Sports Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Infoplease Home Almanacs Atlas Dictionary ... Fact Monster Kids' reference Info:Daily Fun facts Homework Center Newsletter You've got info! Help Site Map Visit related sites from: Family Education Network Vatican City Vatican City Profile More Geographic Information Country Profiles Flags World Geography World Statistics ... Map Index Search Infoplease Info search tips Search Biographies Bio search tips About Us Contact Us Link to Infoplease ... Privacy

32. ROME MAJOR SIGHTS AND CULTURE vatican city. This is the world's second smallest city (less than 1 squaremile) and governed by the Pope. Addr Piazza San Pietro, vatican city. http://www.ehi.com/travel/ehi/italy/rome-major-sights-culture.htm

Travel By Fingertip...Italy M ajor S ights in R ome Rome Tourist Center: Address: 5 Via Parigi Ph: 488-3748 Entrance fees to Rome's museums and exhibits range between $3.00-$7.00; reduced prices for children, seniors and students. Some sights are free. Colosseum Only in Rome could such an historic and mesmerizing architecture & symbol of our ancient era not seem out of place. Perhaps this hints at Rome's namesake, "The Eternal City". Built between A.D. 72-80, the place where Roman Emperors came to see its citizens devoured by savage beasts is truly a must visit. Once inside, the imagination soars. Addr: Piazzale del Colosseo. Palantine Hill Forum Pantheon The Pantheon, containing the tombs of Italy's ancient kings and great artists such as Raphael, remains as one of the finest preserved ancient buildings in Rome. Addr: Piazza della Rotonda. Trevi Fountain When in Rome, film buffs flock to the fountain made famous by Federico Fellini's tragic ode to Rome, La Dolce Vita . Some even copy the film's stars, Marcello Mastroianni and Anita Eckberg, by wading into the water fully clothed....Addr: Piazza di Trevi.

33. National Geographic Traveler Article: Vatican City vatican city By Gianluigi Colalucci. One of their places had to be the vatican Hill—itsname a have made this center of faith into a center of culture and art http://www.nationalgeographic.com/traveler/articles/1042vatican_city.html

Home Site Index MAGAZINES: National Traveler Adventure NG Kids NG Explorer TV AND FILM: Channel (U.S.) Channel (Intl) Explorer More TV SUBJECTS: About National Adventure Animals Education History and Kids Maps and News Photography Science and Travel Shop Customer Service Complete Site Site Index Subscribe Shop A view of casina of Pius IV with statues. Vatican City By Gianluigi Colalucci vaticinium, the prophecy of future things. Over the past 20 centuries a succession of popes have made this center of faith into a center of culture and art as well. Architects, painters, and sculptors of the highest caliber, men of letters, theologians, and humanists have come here to contribute their works. stufetta (a sort of Turkish bath) painted in 1516 by Raphael for Cardinal Bibbiena. A 15th-century defense tower built by Pope Nicholas V houses a very 20th-century bank. Contemporary art, too, has an important place in the Vatican, and includes spiritual works by Auguste Rodin, Wassily Kandinsky, Salvador Dali, and Edvard Munch. One of the most striking pieces is the big bronze sphere by Italian sculptor Arnaldo Pomodoro, created specifically for one of the Vatican's courtyards. Discover the perfect Italy vacation with National Geographic's online Trip Finder (powered by iExplore).

34. Vatican Princeton NJ Jean Staune, UIP, Paris Philip Clayton, CTNS, Berkeley CA MelchorSanchez de Toca, Pontifical Council for culture, vatican city Antonio Luigi http://www.ssq.net/Events/vatican.html

document.write("Site modified"+ document.lastModified) SSQ/UIP Vatican University Conference Foundations and the Ontological Quest: An Outlook at the Beginning of the Millenium January 7-10, 2002 The Pontifical Lateran University, Vatican City Piazza San Giovanni in Laterano, 4. I-00184 Rome Conference Details Purpose Schedule Presenting Travel and Lodging ... Contact You are cordially invited to an interdisciplinary conference on the topic of the scientific and metaphysical bases of mathematics, physics and cognative science held at the Pontifical Lateran University in Vatican City. Organized by IRAFS – International Research Area on Foundations of the Sciences of the Philosophy Faculty at the Pontifical Lateran University, under the patronage of the Pontifical Council for Culture of the Holy See, in collaboration with UIP – Universit Interdisciplinaire de Paris (France) and SSQ - Science and the Spiritual Quest, a program of CTNS – Center for Theology and Natural Sciences of Berkeley (USA).

35. Celebrating The Book In "the Vatican City Of Southern Letters" noted author Pat Conroy pronounced Oxford the vatican city of Southern Letters.In recent years Oxford has received acclaim for its growing literary culture. http://www.olemiss.edu/depts/south/register/95/spring/book_conf.html

Celebrating the Book in the Vatican City of Southern Letters During the third annual Conference for the Book, held March 31-April 2 on the University of Mississippi campus, noted author Pat Conroy pronounced Oxford the Vatican City of Southern Letters. In recent years Oxford has received acclaim for its growing literary culture. This spring, Oxford and the conference brought together book lovers from all over to celebrate the written word to honor its past and prepare for its future. The conference was once again a collaborative effort between the Center and Square Books. This year s conference leaves me wondering how on earth we can have a conference as interesting and entertaining next year, commented Richard Howorth, Square Books proprietor, who was the conference moderator. Early comers to the conference attended the Thursday night champagne-gala opening of the stage version of Oxford author Larry Brown s novel Dirty Work at the Hoka Theatre. Written by Brown and Richard Corley, the stage version originally played at the Arena Stage in Washington in 1994. The Oxford production was directed by Scott McCoy, professor of Theatre Arts at the University. McCoy conducted a nationwide search to bring together some of the finest young acting talent from such places as Dallas, Chicago, and New Albany, Mississippi, for the Oxford production. Friday morning, Barry Hannah, writer in residence at the University, instructed a packed room of aspiring writers on such topics as working with an editor and submitting a manuscript. For this popular event, Hannah was joined by publishers Nan A. Talese of Doubleday and David R. Godine of David R. Godine, Publisher, and writers Jennifer Allen, Andrei Codrescu, Mark Richard, and Geoffrey Wolff.

36. Archaeology (Rome Reborn: The Vatican Library & Renaissance Culture) Renaissance archaeologists loved Roman culture, but they were was still standingby the vatican; others were the catacombs under the city, making adventurous http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/vatican/arch.html

The Library of Congress Exhibitions HOME Exhibition Sections: Introduction The Vatican Library Archaeology Humanism ... Credits ARCHAEOLOGY Between 1450 and 1600 ancient Rome began to emerge from beneath the shapeless pastures and deserted hills of the ancient city. Renaissance scholars identified major sites and buildings. They began the great effort of copying the ancient inscriptions that made the city itself a vast, if fragmentary, textbook about Roman history and life. Learning to Read Rome's Ruins Scholars Read the City The City Rises Again Christian Catacombs and Egyptian Obelisks Learning to Read Rome's Ruins The Origins of Archaeology: Scholars Read the City By the fourteenth century, Italian intellectuals were becoming fascinated by the physical as well as the literary relics of the ancient world. Rome, of course, had the grandest of all ruins, at which medieval pilgrims had long marvelled. The Roman in the street was happy to provide misinformation about sites and statues, but in the Renaissance, scholars began to measure, excavate, and identify the statues and buildings that had long amazed travellers. True, much was lost forever. When Poggio Bracciolini and a friend climbed the Capitoline Hill in 1430, the vast view that opened out before them was a desert; the ancient forum was populated only by pigs, deer, and vegetables. But by the end of the fifteenth century, Roman scholars had identified the sites of many lost buildings, compiled notebooks bulging with information, and begun to recreate the ancient city.

37. Introduction (Rome Reborn: The Vatican Library & Renaissance Culture) application of the humanist ideal that the man of culture should be vatican Libraryand the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (vatican city, 1992), to http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/vatican/intro.html

The Library of Congress Exhibitions HOME Exhibition Sections: Introduction The Vatican Library Archaeology Humanism ... Credits INTRODUCTION The Vatican Library by Father Leonard Eugene Boyle, O.P. Ad decorem of 1475, then in practice between 1475 and 1481, when the redoubtable Bartolomeo Platina was his librarian. Does it really matter which pope gets the credit for founding the Vatican Library? It could be argued that it does, not least because the spirit and ideals of a founder are not without some importance when assessing the genius of a library. But there is also the plain fact that for all the beauty and decor of its physical location and the splendor of its organization, a library is not a library without books. For all that Sixtus IV is known to have contributed some of his own books to the library in his lifetime, and to have acquired others, there is also the inescapable fact that Sixtus did not have to begin from scratch. He had in fact inherited from Nicholas a large library of some 1,100 codices in Nicholas's Latin and Greek libraries, not to speak of the unrecorded contents of the Bibliotheca secreta or papal library proper. More importantly, he had inherited a library that was not simply a haphazard accumulation from the papal past, but a library whose purpose was already set.

38. Washingtonpost.com Vatican City Media. • L'Osservatore Romano. culture. • CIA World Factbook A detailedlist of facts and figures for Holy See. 4, 2003; 352 AM) vatican city Wires http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/world/europe/westerneurope/holysee/

Knowing more about our audience will help us continue to improve our web site and provide ads that are relevant to our audience. It's fast and it's FREE. Please fill out the form below to proceed. Gender: Male Female Year of Birth: Zip: (U.S. Only) (e.g. 1965) (e.g. 20171) Country: United States United States Afghanistan Albania Algeria American Samoa Andorra Angola Anguilla Antarctica Antigua Argentina Armenia Aruba Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bermuda Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil British Virgin Islands Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burma Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cayman Islands Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo (Zaire) Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Cote d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Falkland Islands Fiji Finland France French Guiana French Polynesia Gabon The Gambia Gaza Strip and West Bank Georgia Germany Ghana Gibraltar Greece Greenland Grenada Guadeloupe Guam Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti The Holy See Honduras Hong Kong Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Ivory Coast Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libya Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macau Macedonia Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Martinique Mauritania Mauritius Mayotte Mexico Federated States of Micronesia Moldova Monaco Mongolia Montserrat Morocco Mozambique

39. Italy & Vatican City Trivia And Quizzes Quiz city Highest Scores Italy vatican city Most Accurate landmarks which give thecity its identity. Its people, culture, lifestyle are markedly different from http://www.funtrivia.com/dir/559.html

Home Members Geography Europe ... Italy - More Quizzes Special Lists: Newest Quizzes - Top Ranked Overall Easy Average Hard ... Most Popular Options: Special Instructions: READ ME Who's Online? Store: Category Stats This index was last updated: Apr 07 03 Win Cash Playing Trivia and other Games! Tell me more Click Here to Play Now! Quiz Title Difficulty Played Online Author Rome A short quiz on the capital of Italy. Have fun! Average Aug 24 02 bloomsby Venice A short, basic quiz on Venice - one of the most visited and admired cities in Italy. Easy Jul 27 02 bloomsby Enjoy Your Trip to Rome How much do you know about the Eternal City? Average Aug 15 02 Elanor Italy In Quotes And Sayings Italy has seen a non-stop procession of 'cultural pilgrims'. Some of their commentaries have become famous. Also, in Shakespeare, the names of the great Italian cities pop up often. And they also do so in local Italian sayings. Test your knowledge. Average Oct 11 01 flem-ish Florence, Italy Florence was one of the most important cities during the Renaissance and one of the most beautiful cities in Europe. Learn more about Florence in this quiz. Average Mar 03 02 bullymom All About Rome This quiz is not about Rome itself, but about its occurence in film, literature, proverbs, sayings etc.

40. European Cities Of Culture Asia. Europe From Albania to vatican city find out more about Europe.Middle The European city of culture. The European http://www.travelnotes.org/Travel/2000/

Charter The Plane To Fly Your Targeted Banner Advertising Travel Notes Travel Articles European Cities of Culture Travel Writers Destinations Africa From Algeria to Zimbabwe find out more about Africa Asia From Afghanistan to Vietnam find out more about Asia Europe From Albania to Vatican City find out more about Europe Middle East From Bahrain to Yemen find out more about the Middle East North America From Alabama to Wyoming find out more about the United States , and Canada Oceania From Australia to Western Samoa find out more about the Pacific region Latin America From Anguilla to Venezuela find out more about Latin America and the Caribbean Country Index The A-Z country index. Travel Articles More articles in the Travel Notes archives. Countries Weather Flights Cars ... Meta The European City of Culture The European City of Culture is promoted by the Ministers of Culture of the European Union t o open up to the European public particular aspects of the city, region and country concerned , as well as to emphasise wider European cultural affinities List of European Cities of Culture 1985 to 2004 Athens Greece Florence Italy ... Germany : 9 Cities were chosen: Avignon France Bergen Norway ... Austria Visit Graz 2003 The Northern Cities of France and Italy Genova Italy ) and Lille France Visit Genova 2004 and Lille 2004 About The European City of Culture Each city is free to determine its own emphases and to organise programs and projects within a time scale and budget which each city must determine. The impact and importance of the

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