41. José Barreiro, A Note On Tainos: Whither Progress? Text article depicts the cultural History of the Taino Indians both before and after the invasion from spain and the eventual demise of their dominance of the islands. Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Hispa±ola and other islands. http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/41/013.html

A Note on Tainos: Whither Progress? Northeast Indian Quarterly, pp. 66-77 Fall, 1990 Author's note: An appreciation is due John Mohawk, who contributed to an early version of this article. References in the body of the text refer to the Select Bibliography which follows this article. All ilIustrations except the photograph on page 76 are taken from Onelio Jorge Cardoso, Los Indocubanos. Havana: Gente Nueva, 1982. Taino culture was dominant throughout the Caribbean, a sea and island world that was in turn cradle of Taino civilization. In agriculture, seafaring and cosmology, Ciboney and Guanahatabey (western Cuba), Macorix and/or Ciguayo (Bohio) and even Carib (Lesser Antilles) all followed the material and much of the psycho-spiritual framework of the Taino. The original Caribbeans spoke Arawak. The people of the Arawak language family still comprise one of the more widespread American Indigenous cultures, with relatively large kinship nations in the Amazon and Orinoco river basins of South America. Throughout the Caribbean, usually in remote mountain ranges and coastal promontories, remnant groups and communities of Taino-Arawak and Carib descendants survive to the present. Aspects of the animistic and material culture of the Taino-Arawak have been adopted by the mestizo populations of the Caribbean and are interwoven into the Euro-African fabric of the islands' folk universe. The word Taino meant "men of the good," and from most indications the Tainos were good. Coupled to the lush and hospitable islands over millennium, and a half, the indigenous people of "La Taina" developed a culture where the human personality was gentle. Among the Taino at the time of contact, by all accounts, generosity and kindness were dominant values. Among the Taino peoples, as with most indigenous lifeways, the physical culture was geared toward a sustainable interaction with the natural surroundings. The Taino's culture has been designated as "primitive" by western scholarship, yet it prescribed a lifeway that strove to feed all the people, and a spirituality that respected, in ceremony most of their main animal and food sources, as well as the natural forces like climate, season and weather. The Taino lived respectfully in a bountiful place and so their nature was bountiful. (Jane 1930)

42. Al-musta'rib (Formerly Veil and Drum) Newsletter on Arabic culture and people from alAndalus and the Maghrib (modern spain and Morocco) to Samarkand (modern Afghanistan). Many articles, news, links. http://www.al-mustarib.org/

43. SIT Study Abroad - Spain: Intensive Language And Culture Granada, the beautiful Andalusian cultural and intellectual center, has served asan inspiration for generations of artists, including spain's most famous poet http://www.sit.edu/studyabroad/europe/spain1.html

Select a Country Argentina Australia Bali Balkans Belize Bolivia Botswana Brazil Cameroon Central Europe Chile China: Yunnan Province Croatia Cuba Czech Republic Ecuador France Germany Ghana India Indonesia:Bali Ireland Jamaica Jordan Kenya Madagascar Mali Mexico Mongolia Morocco Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Panama Russia Samoa Senegal South Africa Southern Cone Spain Switzerland Tanzania Tibetan Studies Uganda Viet Nam Program Info Spain Home SIT Program Model Spain Coursework Curriculum Description ... Apply Now Who Are You? Prospective Students Accepted Students Advisors/Faculty Parents ... Requires free Adobe Acrobat Reader Granada, the beautiful Andalusian cultural and intellectual center, has served as an inspiration for generations of artists, including Spain's most famous poet, Federico Garcia Lorca. Home of the Alhambra, one of Europe's most stunning monuments, Granada provides a fascinating fusion of Arab and Christian traditions, as well as access to the high peaks of the Sierra Nevada, the great cities of southern Spain, and the semitropical Mediterranean coast. Note : Successful completion of this program often meets the language prerequisite for SIT Study Abroad programs in Latin America.

44. Spainedu.com - Your All In One Web And Domain Resource The official representative of the Spanish Ministry of Education, culture and Sport in Australasia. http://www.spainedu.com/

spainedu.com categories: Please choose from one of the categories listed below... Travel to europe Spain hotel Spain vacation Spain travel ... Europe tour spainedu.com directory: Business Asset Protection Business Opportunities Credit Cards ... Vacations search: THE WEB DOMAINS FOR SALE this domain is for sale... spainedu.com Asking Price: $12,499 OFFER: $ TELEPHONE: YOUR NAME: COMMENTS: EMAIL: Asking Price: $12,499 .com .net .org .info Domains For Sale Most Popular Domains Bargain Domains Domain Registration ... Report Spam

45. Jews In Medieval Spain Information about history and culture of the Jews in Medieval spain, and how that world is recreated in the Society for Creative Anachronism http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Academy/8636/

Chaiya's Sephardic World Jews in Medieval Spain Call greeting unto daughters and kindred Peace to brothers and to sisters... Judah Halevi, translated by Nina Salaman in Selected Poems of Judah Halevi , Philadelphia 1924. Welcome to Chaiya's Sephardic World. The following pages contain information about Jews in Medieval Spain, and how that world is re-created in the Society for Creative Anachronism. Enter Chaiya's World Image of flaming torch from Kyl's Medieval and Fantasy Clipart The noble steeds, and harness bright, And gallant lord, and stalwart knight, In rich array, Where shall we seek them now? Alas! Like the bright dewdrops on the grass They passed away. Jorge Manrique, Coplas on the Death of His Father , 1476. Translated by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. This Jewish History Ring site is owned by Stacy Braslau-Schneck Join Previous Next ... List Sites This Middle Ages and Renaissance site owned by Stacy Braslau-Schneck Click here to see Previous 5 Sites Skip Previous Previous Next ... List Sites Want to join the ring? Get the info This Medieval and Renaissance Ring site is owned by Stacy Braslau-Schneck Want to join the the Medieval and Renaissance Ring Skip Prev Prev Next ... List Sites This "The History Ring" site is owned by Stacy Braslau-Schneck Want to join the The History Ring Skip Prev Prev Next ... List Sites This is a SCA WebRing site.

46. Language And Culture Museums (Paseo del Prado) Fundación Edades del Hombre Ministerio de Educacióny Cultura (Ministry of Education and culture of spain) Biblioteca Nacional http://www.sispain.org/english/language/

Language and Culture Introduction Languages spoken in Spain... The Spanish Language World Wide Grupo Anaya Spanish Dictionary) First Cultural Manifestations Roman Imprint The Middle Ages Renaissance Culture ... Madrid's Great Museums (Paseo del Prado) (Ministry of Education and Culture of Spain) Biblioteca Nacional (National Library of Spain) Instituto Cervantes (New York) Spain Art (Guide to Contemporary Spanish and Latin American Artists) Barcelona Gallery (Guide to Contemporary Spanish Mediterranean Artists) Santiago de Compostela, European Capital of Culture in the year 2000 Spain Cultural Resources Acknowledgments

47. .:.:.:|:||: The Basques of SaintPierre, descendants of Europe's enigmatic people from southern France and northern spain. Find out about their language, culture and heritage. http://www.st-pierre-et-miquelon.com/euzkadi/Ebasque.html

CDIV CDIV 404 Error ! Page not found Erreur 404 ! Page introuvable web@miquelon.net http://www.miquelon.net HTTP CODES EXPLAINED Code Abbreviation Description Bad Request The request could not be understood by the server due to incorrect syntax. Unauthorized User authentication is required. Forbidden The server understood the request, but is refusing to fulfill it. Page Not Found The server has not found anything matching the Request-URI. Method Not Allowed The method specified in the Request-Line is not allowed for the resource identified by the Request-URI. Not Acceptable The server cannot generate a response that the requestor is willing to accept. Proxy Authentication Required This code is similar to 401 (Unauthorized), but indicates that the client must first authenticate itself with the proxy. Request Timed Out The server stopped waiting for a client request.

48. MapZones.com Culture spain, culture, Back to Top. The bullfight, so important a part ofSpanish . modern periods spain's culture was fairly homogeneous. http://www.mapzones.com/world/europe/spain/cultureindex.php

Country Info Spain Introduction Spain General Data Spain Maps Spain Culture ... Spain Time and Date Spain Culture Back to Top The most important differences stem from the fact that Arabic-speaking Muslims from the Middle East and North Africa invaded Spain in AD 711 and dominated much of the country during almost 800 years. The Muslim cultural influence was very strong, especially in the area of language; the Spanish language has taken more words from Arabic than from any other source except Latin. Through contact with the Muslims, Christian Europe was able to recover much of the cultural and intellectual heritage of classical antiquity. It also gained access to many scientific advances made by the Muslims. Spain's cultural mix became even richer during the Middle Ages because of the presence of a large and influential Jewish population. Medieval Spain witnessed one of the periods of greatest cultural achievement in Jewish history. Countries Map or Maps Egypt Maps South Africa Maps England Maps France Maps ... mailto:info@mapzones.com?subject=Mail from HomePage

49. Spanish Language: Learn Spanish Grammar, Vocabulary And Culture Resources on spain, its language, culture, literature, and lifestyles. Chat, bulletin board, weekly articles, and links. From About.com. http://spanishculture.about.com/

zfp=-1 About Homework Help Spanish Language Search in this topic on About on the Web in Products Web Hosting Spanish Language with Gerald Erichsen Your Guide to one of hundreds of sites Home Articles Forums ... Help zmhp('style="color:#fff"') Subjects ESSENTIALS Lessons for Beginners Other Lessons Word of the Day ... All articles on this topic Stay up-to-date! Subscribe to our newsletter. Advertising Free Credit Report Free Psychics Advertisement In The Spotlight Fri, Apr 11, 2003 Infinitives as Nouns Infinitives are the most basic verb form in Spanish, but they don't always function as verbs. Infinitives can also function as nouns, becoming either the subject or object of a sentence. Various Meanings of Ya Ya is one of those common colloquial words that doesn't always have a readily translatable meaning. While sometimes it means "now," it often is used simply to add emotional content or emphasis to sentences. More: Question of the Week - Find out what learners want to know. Learning To Use De De is one of the most common prepositions, and it usually is translated as "of" or "from." But its usage is far more versatile than those translations might suggest. More: For Beginners - To-the-point lessons on many subjects.

50. Atlas - Spain Map Overview of culture, history, economy, currency, government, people, education and languages. http://www.map.freegk.com/spain/spain.php

Introduction People History Culture ... Communications Legal system Organization Provinces Disputes Spain Introduction Back to Top Spain (in Spanish, España), officially Kingdom of Spain, constitutional monarchy in south-west Europe, occupying the greater part of the Iberian Peninsula, and bordered on the north by the Bay of Biscay, France, and Andorra; on the east by the Mediterranean Sea; on the south by the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean; and on the west by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean. The British dependency of Gibraltar is situated at the southern extremity of Spain. The Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean and the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Africa are governed as provinces of Spain. Also, Spain administers two small exclaves in Morocco-Ceuta and Melilla-as well as three island groups near Africa-Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera and the Alhucemas and Chafarinas islands. The area of Spain, including the African and insular territories, is 504,782 sq km (194,897 sq mi). Madrid is the capital and largest city. Population 39,181,114 (1996 official estimate) Population Density 78 people/sq km (201 people/sq mi) (1996 estimate) Urban/Rural Breakdown 79%Urban 21%Rural Largest Cities Madrid3,029,734 Barcelona1,614,570 Valencia763,308 Seville719,590 (1995 estimate) Largest Metropolitan Areas Madrid5,181,659 Barcelona4,478,236 Valencia2,200,319 Seville1,719,446 (1995 estimate) Languages Official Language Castilian Spanish Other Languages Catalan, Basque, Galician Religions 97%Roman Catholicism 3%Other including Protestantism and Islam

51. Sastipen The Romani (Gypsy) culture in Andalusia spain, by Miguel Mendiola http://hometown.aol.com/mmendgitan/Sastipen.html

htmlAdWH('7005340', '120', '30'); htmlAdWH('7002028', '234', '60'); Main Create Edit Help MONRONES MINRIOS: GRIMO PER SOS OSTEBE LEDIFIELE MESTEPE A LER SINASTRO, CHIMUNCLANI A LER MULES Y PUCHEL A NONRIAS ULUYILIAS..! Amigos mios, Brindo porque Dios les de libertad a los presos, gloria a los difuntos y a nuestras familias...VIDA..!! Pagina creada en 15/Jul/ 2000 Ultima modificacion 28/Noviembre/02 Only for the serious student of the Romipen Click here (Pincha) Usted es el visitante numero: Secretariado General Gitano Musica de fondo cortesia de TristeyAzul Cante: Paco Taranto Guitarra: Rafael Mendiola Romipen (Gitanidad) Las opiniones de mi menda Recomendado: Un extraordinario CD de mi primo Vicente Soto "La familia es el fulcro y la palanca de la vida del gitano. Es el fulcro porque es el punto centro que le da equilibrio; es la palanca porque es la maquina que lo mueve, que lo motiva." M.Mendiola. En USC (Universidad del Sur de California, USA). (Foto cortesia del periodista cubano Jose Luis Fernandez) La saeta Dijo una voz popular: Quién me presta una escalera para subir al madero para quitarle los clavos a Jesús el Nazareno?

52. ALHAMBRA 2000 Conference A meeting between mathematicians from every EuropeanArabic culture. Granada, spain; 3-7 July 2000. http://www.ugr.es/~alhambra2000/

53. Metropolis Master Program International postgraduate program in architecture and urban culture, directed to graduates in architecture, the arts, or the humanities. This program seeks to research and recognize contemporary architecture, the arts and critical thought in their metropolitan condition. Barcelona (spain). http://www.metropolis-bcn.org/

54. Welcome To The Union Romani Web Site Defends the Gypsy community in spain, gaining recognition of the culture of the Gypsy people as an asset within the global culture. http://www.unionromani.org/

PO Box 202 08080 Barcelona • Spain Tel. +34 934 12 77 45 Fax +34 934 12 70 40 CHANGES visitors QUESTIONAIRE ABOUT SCHOOLING Speech in the Cortes Españolas by Deputy JUAN DE DIOS RAMÍREZ-HEREDIA on 7th june 1978 (Spanish) 1st part: MP3 (3,79 Mb) 2nd part: MP3 (3,24 Mb) NEWS Se prepara la conferencia "Romà y gadyè. El reto de ser diferentes" en Brasov (Rumania) El caso de los gitanos contra IBM obtiene la luz verde de la justicia European Union asks Romania to end Gypsy exodus Bishops admit that treat Gypsy people with prejudice Gypsy woman: a space for participation Romani Union publishes its fourth report "Journalists against racism? The Spanish press in front of Gypsy people" For a white Christmas!!! The Romani Union shared with Galicia and in fight against black tide Died Padmashri Weer Rajendra Rishi, International Romani Union Honour's President

55. C2 Barcelona - Interesting Links About Barcelona, Spain, Culture Language courses in spain. Spanish courses for all levels in combinationwith culture program. The language school c2 barcelona http://www.c2-barcelona.com/en/main/links.html

Enrolment Prices Contact City map ... Links Barcelona Barcelona online Barcelona Turisme www.barcelonaturisme.com Information about current events, shopping, restaurants, culture, public transport etc. in Barcelona Barcelona Actividades www.bcn.es Diari de Barcelona www.diaridebarcelona.com Online newspaper for Barcelona Guia del Ocio www.guiadelocio.com/barcelona Barcelona city magazine, all events published weekly Institut de Cultura de Barcelona www.bcn.es/icub Overview of all festivals and exhibitions in town The Project www.the-project.net Calendar of events for jazz, classical music and festivals Timeout www.timeout.com/barcelona Online version of the Timeout magazine for Barcelona xBarcelona www.xbarcelona.com Everything about living and working in Barcelona. Events / Forum www.gaudi2002.bcn.es Forum 2004 www.barcelona2004.org Culture in Barcelona Auditori www.auditori.org Largest concert hall in Barcelona, mostly classical music, international artists www.palaumusica.org

56. WWW Server From Universitat De Valencia (SPAIN) The University of Valencia is one of the oldest Universities in spain and is open to almost every branch of teaching, research and culture. http://www.uv.es/~uvalen/eng/

Of course, from here you can access all the WWW pages of our university. If you are a student, you surely will be interested to visit the DISE and the Servei d'Estudiants ; but there are a lot more. Refer to the WEB MAP to find them. The Gabinet de Premsa offer the Universitat last news and the newspaper. Personal Pages The Personal Pages are personal contributions made by some of our users, always under their own responsability , to expand the Web world. Our Students also have personal pages. Finding People There is a full list of people with e-mail address in our university, in which you can search. Please, contact our Student's Services for any question about courses, studies, etc... Please, contact the webmaster for any other questions about our university

57. Meadows School Of The Arts Serves the public by exhibiting, preserving, and interpreting the art, culture, and history of spain, the Hispanic world, and other cultures. http://www.smu.edu/meadows/museum/

imgSMU = new Image; imgSch = new Image; imgDisp = new Image; imgSMU_r = new Image; imgSch_r = new Image; imgDisp_r = new Image; imgSMU.src = 'images/template/w_menu_smu.gif' imgSch.src = 'images/template/w_menu_school.gif' imgDisp.src = 'images/template/w_menu_disp.gif' imgSMU_r.src = 'images/template/w_menu_smu_r.gif' imgSch_r.src = 'images/template/w_menu_school_r.gif' imgDisp_r.src = 'images/template/w_menu_disp_r.gif' Welcome to the Meadows Museum at Southern Methodist University The Meadows Museum was founded by Algur H. Meadows in 1965 for the display and study of Spanish art. The museum has grown considerably since then. The founding collection of Spanish art, the Meadows Museum Collection, includes over 500 works that span the millennium, from the 10th through the 20th century, and form one of the finest collections of Spanish art in the world. Also of great importance is the Elizabeth Meadows Collection of 20th century sculpture. Additionally, the Meadows Museum also looks after the University Art Collection – over 1400 works – and the Master of Fine Arts Collection – approximately 150 representative works by graduates of Southern Methodist University’s Division of Art. The Meadows Museum also presents a lively and diverse schedule of exhibitions and programs that cover a broader range of the history of art. From its beginning, the museum was intended to serve as an important educational resource for the students and faculty of Southern Methodist University as well as the Dallas community. Part of the vibrant Meadows School of the Arts, which includes some of the finest programs in the nation in performing, visual and communication arts, the Meadows Museum is dedicated to meaningful programs that enhance the university’s mission.

58. Vintage Travel 2003 - Spain - Portugal - France - Italy Specialising in holiday rental country houses with private pools in spain, Portugal, France within areas of traditional local culture. http://www.vintagetravel.co.uk/index.html

Vintage Travel Vintage Travel is a small specialist tour operator that invites clients to share the enthusiasm of its Directors and Staff for the lesser known areas of France, Spain, Portugal and Italy. The Company was set up some ten years ago to offer the traveller to Spain a glimpse beyond the Spanish 'costas'. You do not have to delve far to be in a world where a gentle pace of life is set by the locals going about their daily business. Here, beautiful medieval villages are not national monuments on parade but part of a natural working environment, time-honoured festivals grace their arcaded squares and their restaurants serve regional specialities, sometimes without a menu. Remarkably - or not so - these jewels are to be found amongst some of Europe's most popular destinations. Julie Player, fashion editor of Women's Weekly magazine, had fond memories of childhood beach holidays to Mallorca and was surprised to learn of the island's hidden side. Together with nine of her friends, she 'switched off' in a tranquil 17 acres of orange grove and oakwood in the rural heartland. She comments:

59. Spain, Culture, News And Photos In Order To Prepare Your Trip Le site du ministère de la culture, St James of CompostellaTrail, Helpful Tips!Your impressions of spain on Dooyoo.fr. Practical Stuff. Preparing your trip. http://www.azureva.com/gb/espagne/esculture.php3

Spain country guides I holidays I rentals I plan your trip I search I postcards I webcams Countries home Cuba Spain Greece Italy Morocco Portugal Turkey Vietnam -v Brittany Guadeloupe New Caledonia Loire valley Presentation Official sites and public services... Transportation How to get there and how to get around ... Lodging Hotels, campsites, rentals, cottages... Regions, Cities City halls and tourist offices Culture Museums, exhibits, foundations, Food Foods and recipes Media Radio, TV, newspapers, webcams News Associations Weather, News and misc. information Leave a message on our MESSAGE BOARD Sign up: We'll keep you up to date on what's new at AZUREVA Your e-mail address: Write to us Museums, Exhibits,Cultural Sites on the Net El Prado Museum in Madrid; Velazquez, Veronese, Goya, etc. Le musée Thyssen à Madrid, Kandinsy, Matisse, Chagall, Klee Le musée de la reine Sofia; Picasso ( Guernica), Dali, Mior PABLO PICASSO, GUERNICA Painted in 1937, the painting depicts the bombing of the town of Guernica by German planes. The painting became a part of the permanent collection of the Queen Sofia National Museum in 1992.

60. Spain Tourism Provides information about cities, arts, spanish culture, sports, beaches, environment, business travel, and accommodation. http://www.tourspain.es/turespai/marcoi.htm

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