21. Congo (Zaire) Major peoples Azande, Chokwe, songo, Kongo, Kuba groups of hunters and gatherersto centralized chiefdoms, from settled indigenous village communities to http://www.zyama.com/Iowa/Countres/Congo (Zaire).htm

Congo (Zaire) Information General Information for Congo (Zaire) Country: Congo (Zaire) Location: Central Africa Independence: June 30, 1960 Nationality: Congolese Capital City: Kinshasa Population: Important Cities: Kisingani, Lubumbashi, Kolwesi Head of State: Lawrence Kabila Area: 2,300,000 sq.km. Type of Government: Republic Currency: 3 millions Z=1 USD Major peoples: Azande, Chokwe, Songo, Kongo, Kuba, Lunda, Bembe Religion: Christian 70%, African religion 20%, Muslim 10% Climate: Equatorial Literacy: Official Language: French Principal Languages: Lingala, Azande, Chokwe, Kongo, Luba Major Exports: Copper, Cobalt, Zinc, Diamonds, Manganese, Gold, Bauxite Pre-Colonial History Post-Colonial History Back to the Museum

22. ESA Home Search Parliamentary Services Research And Analysis groups such as infants, women, indigenous peoples and the potential and to developother indigenous energy sources in investment in the songo songo natural gas http://www.un.org/esa/earthsummit/tanza-cp.htm

Country Profile - United Republic of Tanzania National Implementation of Agenda 21 UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA COUNTRY PROFILE IMPLEMENTATION OF AGENDA 21: REVIEW OF PROGRESS MADE SINCE THE UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT, 1992 Information Provided by the Government of UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA to the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development Fifth Session 7-25 April 1997 New York United Nations Department for Policy Coordination and Sustainable Development Division for Sustainable Development The Information contained in this Country Profile is also available on the World Wide Web, as follows: http://www.un.org/dpcsd/earthsummit UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA This country profile has been provided by: Name of Ministry/Office: Date: June 1997 Submitted by: Mailing address: Telephone: Telefax: E-mail: Note from the Secretariat: An effort has been made to present all country profiles within a common format, with an equal number of pages. However, where Governments have not provided information for the tables appended to Chapters 4 and 17, those tables have been omitted entirely in order to reduce the overall length of the profile and save paper. Consequently, there may be some minor inconsistencies among the formats of the different country profiles. All statistics are rendered as provided by the respective Governments.

23. NORTHWEST FOLKLIFE: Folklife In The Schools 2002 - 2003 on songs, stories and dances of indigenous Northwest coast between seasons as theCoast Salish peoples have long batá to modern mambo and songo dance music. http://www.nwfolklife.org/P_ED/ArtistRoster.html

Folklife in the Schools 2002 -2003 Artist Roster About Folklife in the Schools Home For further information or to book any of the following artists, contact us: Email: education@nwfolklife.org FIRST PEOPLE/ NATIVE AMERICAN Leeng'it Kust'i, Cultural Arts Association Pauline Hillaire Gene Tagaban ( Guy Yaaw CROSS CULTURAL Rick Hartman, Playing with the Past: The Toy-Making Workshop Cry of the Rooster Puppet Theatre Alleyoop!, Concerts and Programs for Kids by Allan Hirsch LATIN-AMERICAN Juan Barco, The Musical Life of a Migrant Family Correo Aéreo, Air Mail Latin America Sonando, The Cuban Connection Show Brazil! Brazilian Traditional and Contemporary Music and Dance EUROPEAN The Mame Loshn Project, The Vitality of Jewish Culture in America Mary Sherhart, The Balkan Voice: Workshops for Choirs Rouge, La Joie de France (The Joy of France) AFRICAN Lora Chiorah-Dye, Experiencing Zimbabwe Atteh Nettey, Games and Songs of Ghanaian Children Ocheami, Deep into the Riches of Ghana's Traditions Lagni Sussu with Nabi Camara, Growing Up in a West African Village MIDDLE and NEAR EASTERN Shourangeez, The Creators of Joy, Persian Music and Dance

24. Untitled matrilineal societies, such as amongst the Akan peoples of Ghana in Christianitythe growth, gifts and diversities of indigenous African churches songo), L, Np, Np. http://www3.sympatico.ca/ian.ritchie/AFRWOMEN.html

AFRICAN THEOLOGY AND THE STATUS OF WOMEN IN AFRICA [a work in progress] Presented to the Canadian Theological Society May 25, 2001 by Ian D. Ritchie, Ph.D. St. John's Anglican Church, 41 Church St., Kingston, ON., K7M 1H2 The paper assesses the role played by African theologians in advancing the status of women in Africa. The perception (common in western church circles) of the African church as a bastion of conservatism and patriarchy will be examined critically. Starting with a brief overview of gender in precolonial Africa, moving to an analysis of the influence of mission Christianity and the African Initiated Churches, the paper concludes with an evaluation of the influence of African theologians. The conclusion that Christianity may be moving African women towards equality more rapidly than in western societies speaks of a positive relationship between academic theology, church and society.[ An earlier version of this article formed a chapter of the author's 1993 doctoral dissertation, African Theology and Social Change.

25. BANTU LANGUAGES is a somewhat archaic Bantu dialect, indigenous probably to as Kimbundu, Mbamba,Ki-sama, songo, U-mban the Tumbuka, Ilenga and A-tonga peoples, and occupies http://55.1911encyclopedia.org/B/BA/BANTU_LANGUAGES.htm

document.write(""); BANTU LANGUAGES For “ Bantam” fowls see POULTRY. BANTIN, oi’ BANTING, the native name of the wild ox of Java, known to the Malays as sapi-utan, and in zoology as Bos (Bibos) sondaicus. The white patch on the rump distinguishes the bantin from its ally the gaur (q.v.). Bulls of the typical bantin of Java and Borneo are, when fully adult, completely black except for the white rump and legs, but the cows and young are rufous. In Burma the species is represented by the tsaine, or h’saine, in which the colour of the adult bulls is rufous fawn. Tame bantin are bred in Bali, near Java, and exported to Singapore. (See BOVIDAE.) William of Orange were landed here in 1697. There are several islands, the principal of which are Bear Island and Whiddy, off the town. Ruins of the so-called “fish palaces” testify to the failure of the pilchard fishery in the 18th century. BANTU LANGUAGES. The greater part of Africa south of the equator possesses but one linguistic family so far as its native inhabitants are concerned. This clearly-marked division of human speech has been entitled the Bantu, a name invented by Dr W. H. I. Bleek, and it is, on the whole, the fittest general term with which to designate the most remarkable group of African languages.’ 1 Bantu (literally Ba-ntu) is the most archaic and most widely spread term for” men,” “ mankind,” “people,” in these languages. It also indicates aptly the leading feature of this group of tongues, which is the governing of the unchangeable root by prefixes. The syllable -flu is nowhere found now standing alone, but it originally meant “ object,” or possibly “ person.’ It is also occasionally used as a relative pronoun—” that. ‘ “that which,” “he who.” Combined with different prefixes it has different meanin~s. Thus (in the purer forms of Bantu languages) muntu means ‘a man,” bantu means” men,” kintu means “ a thing,” bintu “ things,” kantu means “a little thing,” tuntu “little things,” and so on. This term Banlu has been often criticized, but no one has supplied a better, simpler designation for this section of Negro languages, and the name has now been definitely consecrated by usage.

26. Dear TOsalsa! Salsa Dance Style Discussion True, the drums in Latin Music come from africa, but what indigenous african musicsounds like Salsa or the precursors to Salsa? How about songo? http://www.tosalsa.com/DearTOsalsa/dto_dancestyles2.html

Salsa Dance Styles North American Salsa Dancing versus Cuban or Latin-style Part 1 - January to June, 2001 Part 2 - July to December, 2001 Part 3 - January to December, 2002 Part 4 - January 2003 Part 5 - February 2003 to Present Dear Readers, it was almost unbelieavable to receive two emails commenting about the subject of dance styles; and I knew this could spark a "debate" about how salsa should be danced. We will post any feedback from our readers, and I also emailed various dancers and dance instructors with a latin background to respond to these comments. Okay, I give up everyone! just keep coming back to check how passionate our readers are about dancing salsa! Rose Knows... Our Readers asked... Our Feedback... July 3 , 2001 - Andres Rebuttal to Jo Kim from March 18th July 14 , 2001 - from Ulrike , a West German in the US! July 18 , 2001 -

27. Travel In Java, Indonesia, Southeast Asia reserves and pockets of preIslamic peoples still maintain the view from the beautifullysited Gedung songo temples Most of the indigenous people live in their http://www.travelarc.com/javatravel.html

TRAVEL IN JAVA with Arc Journeys PAGE INDEX SOUTH EAST ASIA GENERALLY Introduction to the Itineraries JAVA Destinations in Java Typical Itinerary ... BORNEO SEE ALSO: Dossiers on each destination listed in the MAIN INDEX What Arc Journeys Offer Encyclopedia Britannica Internet Travel Guide Award winners- see www.britannica.com Arc Journeys specialise in designing personalised itineraries to suit your requirements which need cost no more than a standard tour. You tell us what you would most like to do and see and we prepare itineraries for you to consider- it's as simple as that! The result is more than just a holiday, it is a unique experience. Whether you want a totally tailormade service or a combination of standard tours we will arrange it and we provide quotes free of charge and without obligation. For details and itineraries of other destinations please go to the relevant Dossier web page as listed in the MAIN INDEX We can arrange all this and more: ROMANTIC HIDEAWAYS HUG AN ORPHAN ORANGUTAN DOG SLEDDING IN THE ARCTIC, CRUISE IN THE GALAPAGOS

28. David Block York), Resistance 500 (Berkeley, California), and indigenous Thought (Gainesville TheWorld of the iNdian peoples before the Vista de los Valles de songo en los http://muweb.millersville.edu/~columbus/papers/block-2.html

"QUINCENTENNIAL PUBLISHING: An Ocean of Print" by David Block Cornell University , from the Latin American Research Review , Vol # 29:3, pp. 101-128, 1994. "The greatest event in world history, excepting the birth and death of Christ..." Francisco Lopez de Gomara (1552) "Columbus's voyage to America began a legacy of European piracy, brutality, slave trading, murder, disease, conquest, and ethnocide..." The American Library Association (1990) These contrasting pronouncements on Christopher Columbus's transatlantic navigation in 1492 crystalize the extreme division of opinion that characterized the recent quincentennial. The five-hundredth anniversary of Columbus's first voyage inspired among other things a world's fair, several replicas of the Nina , the Pinta , and the Santa Maria , two feature films, and an opera. Commemoration of the event also inspired, in time-honored tradition, the publication of thousands of works dedicated to the major event. Thus although publishing technology is speeding along toward electronic rather than printed images, the fifth centennial of Columbus's voyage has been marked most significantly by the rolling of the presses. As a bibliographer charged with selecting and acquiring Ibero-Americana for a research library, I have monitored the growth of the quincentennial literature closely. This article will examine some of the intellectual legacy of the quincentennial through the lens of publication, delineating its characteristics and trends in content.

29. Symbols Of Hope Monuments As Symbols Of Remembrance And Peace In took part in the event included Azanian peoples Organisation (AZAPO developed throughthe restoration of the indigenous ecology and Hezekias Maseko, Jacob songo. http://www.csvr.org.za/papers/papkgal.htm

30. Report Of The Special Rapporteur rebels also raped women belonging to indigenous ethnic groups of the Banyamulengeand relocated peoples; and eliminates of AFDL in Kimbanseke, songo Titi Lambert http://www.hri.ca/fortherecord1998/documentation/genassembly/a-53-365.htm

General Assembly Distr. GENERAL A/53/365 10 September 1998 ENGLISH Original: FRENCH/SPANISH Fifty-third session Item 113 (c) of the provisional agenda Human rights questions: human rights situations and reports of special rapporteurs and representatives The situation of human rights in the Democratic Republic of the Congo Note by the Secretary-General Annex Report on the situation of human rights in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, submitted by the Specia Rapporteur pursuant to Economic and Social Council decision 1998/260 of 30 July 1998 Contents Paragraphs I. Introduction A. Mandate and activities B.The Special Rapporteur and the authorities of the Democratic Republic of the Congo ... B.Recommendations Note: *A/53/150 Abbreviations AFDL Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo-Zaire ANC Congolese National Army ANR National Information Agency (Agence nationale de renseignements) APR Rwandan Patriotic Army now CEDAW Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women CNS National Sovereign Conference COM Military Court (Cour de l'ordre militaire) DEMIAP Detection of Unpatriotic Activities Police DRC Democratic Republic of the Congo DSP Special Presidential Division FAC Congolese Armed Forces FAR Rwandan Armed Forces FAZ Zairian Armed Forces HCR-PT Supreme Council of the Republic - Transitional Parliament ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross MNC/L Mouvement National Congolais/Lumumba MPR People's Movement for the Revolution

31. Focus On Sierra Leone Charting The Way Forward With Ideas, interest in, or affinity to the indigenous population, any The towns like songo, Newtonand Waterloo have been being put to the Sierra Leone peoples Party (SLPP http://freespace.virgin.net/ambrose.ganda/Vol1_7.htm

32. Cultural Issues forces, Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombiapeoples Army FARC group - named fora bird that's indigenous to parts of LVV songo street talk inspired much of http://www.nettrash.com/users/socialjustice/raza.html

cultural issues links new indigenous chicano african american asian UN WCAR red-lining Fed. Violence Initiative crack babies art HRts refs local support for another Trail of Tears: Big Mountain. Bela-ish-cla-ee (Indigenous Peoples support for Sovereign Dineh Nation) 714.539.2266 Black Mesa Indigenous Support Ask "native" candidate Sen. McCain's cheerleaders if he agrees Relocation is Genocide U'wa vs Occidental Petroleum U.S. gives the Colombian military another $1.3 billion to force Native Americans off land they paid for as well as inherited so Los Angeles based Occidental Petroleum can sell you gasoline; U.S. VP Al Gore diploma McKinney cf Occidental Petroleum industry news , Investigative Research Intl posts the murders Yahoo Quicken (more news oriented than strictly financial), News Alert (financial) indigenous advocates Los Angeles Defense Working group 310-456-1340 First Nations incl more links Abya Yala Fund Amazon Watch Rainforest Action Network Project Underground ... CounterInformation UK Pacifica radio pgm WSJ article at Ratville NYC black flags contact EarthFirst more enviromental issues incl linguistic biodiversity contra-indicative eco-tourism PBCP assists Rongelapese plan repatriation Spring/Summer 2001 newsletter Pacific Business Ctr News Univ. of Hawaii, Manoa

33. Report Of The Special Rapporteur On The of the Banyamulenge and relocated peoples remains unresolved have also raped womenbelonging to indigenous ethnic groups of AFDL in Kimbanseke, songo Titi Lambert http://www.unhchr.ch/Huridocda/Huridoca.nsf/(Symbol)/E.CN.4.1999.31.En?OpenDocum

34. Wuarchive.wustl.edu/doc/coombspapers/coombsarchives/linguistics/bibliographies/b DE %D 1948 %T (contes et lŽgendes songo) %J Mens. A Comparative Ethnography of theKhoisan peoples %I Cambridge D 1970 %T More on the indigenous languages of http://wuarchive.wustl.edu/doc/coombspapers/coombsarchives/linguistics/bibliogra

35. Nouveaux Project Information Document indigenous peoples Development Project http://www.dree.org/bm/Lettre/Fichier/PIDonline_Archives.htm

Project Information Document Ce document regroupe les PID mis en ligne récemment sur le site www.worldbank.org ou mis à jour Archives : du 18 septembre 2000 au 3 juillet 2001 Pour toute information concernant le stade d'évolution d'un projet identifié (qui a fait l'objet d'un PID), consultez le Monthly Operational Summary (MOS) . Sachez néanmoins que cette base est irrégulièrement renseignée. Lorsque vous avez identifié un projet qui vous intéresse (en consultant la liste ci dessous ou en utilisant le moteur de recherche de la Banque "Project Search" : http://www4.worldbank.org/sprojects) nous vous conseillons de prendre contact avec l'équipe en charge du projet qui pourra vous tenir averti du stade d'évolution du projet. L'information qui vous intéresse : Le Project Infromation Document a une forme standard. Lors d'une lecture rapide nous vous invitons à vous intéresser aux points suivants (la numérotation est celle que vous retrouverez généralement dans les documents) : Numérotation adoptée dans le PID Titre du paragraphe dans le PID Contenu du paragraphe Ojectives Objectifs généraux du projet Description description du projet Financing Financement du projet Contact Point Nom et coordonnées du Task Manager en charge du projet Liste des PID mis en ligne récemment et liens vers les documents (@ signifie que le PID a été révisé) Date de mise à jour / mise en ligne : 3 juillet 2001 Bosnia and Herzegovina -Local Initiatives Microfinance Project II (@) Brazil -Rural Poverty Reduction Project-Ceara (@) ... -Krakow Energy Efficiency Project (@) Date de mise à jour / mise en ligne :

36. Indonesia Islamic Archaeology of the belief in the Wali songo is not of rulers and significant numbers of indigenouspeoples to Islam Arabic letters rather than older, indigenous or Indian http://www.arkeologi.net/islamic/

About Archaeology Articles Picture Collection eForum ... Home Search Data INDONESIA ARCHAEOLOGY Prehistory Archaeology Hindu-Buddhism Archaeology Islamic Archaeology Colonial Archaeology ... News RESOURCES Academic Journals Academic Departments Associations and Organizations Bibliographies ... Related Web GENERAL Anthropology Archaeological Computing Archaeometry Conservation ... Underwater Archaeology ISLAMIC ARCHAEOLOGY PERIOD Early Islamic Period : 1300-1600 In some examples the ruler's decision to convert was immediately followed as a matter of course by all his subjects; in others an appreciable proportion of the population seems to have converted first, followed by their ruler in what may have been a politically motivated act. Different agents were involved in different parts of Indonesia: sometimes itinerant merchant-missionaries of foreign or mixed parentage, in others conquering warriors, in still others charismatic teachers. Different schools of Islam were popular in different areas. The Shi'a sect made converts in several areas, and traces of the mystical sect known as the Dervishes can still be seen in some parts of Indonesia. In general, the forms of Islam which received the readiest acceptance espoused a Sufi philosophy. Sufi-influenced believers can be divided into two groups: 'mystical orthodoxy' and less orthodox variants. Islam introduced new terms into Indonesian languages, and new symbols into architecture and art. However, the spread of Islam was accompanied by the same process of Indonesianisation as was the adoption of South Asian traits 1,000 years earlier.

37. Appearances cha chá, montuno, guaracha, mozambique, songo, charanga, conjunto Other AfroCaribbeanpeoples who already had syncretism of African, indigenous, and European http://www.johnsantos.com/kindembo.html

JOHN SANTOS and the CORO FOLKLORICO KINDEMBO HACIA EL AMOR Audio sample: " Caridad " ELEGUA-IROKO (traditional) MERCEDITAS (J. Santos) CHANGO (traditional) CARIDAD (J. Santos) GUIRO FOR OYA (traditional) TOQUE FOR OYA (traditional) UNA CARTA ABIERTA (J. Santos) FIESTA ARARA (traditional) PRESIDENTE MANDELA (J. Santos) SIEMPRE VIVIRAS (J. Santos) DEJAME DIVERTIRME (J. Santos) ODUDUA (traditional) HACIA EL AMOR (traditional) PRODUCED AND MIXED BY JOHN SANTOS Recorded at Bay Records, Berkeley, CA 1989-91 and Hi-note Studios, Oakland, CA 1994 Engineers: Mike Cogan, Rob Holland XENOPHILE Records 43 Beaver Brook Road Danbury, CT 06810 grnlinnet@aol.com The incredibly diverse culture which animates Salsa and Latin Jazz was forged in the Americas, centered in the Caribbean where Cuba, the largest island, is the focal point. This dynamic, durable, and spiritually invincible culture was born of the forced syncretism of African, Indigenous, and European cultures. Its beauty and power belie the ugly and shameful history of slavery, which brings us to the point of all this discourse. Music and dance were vital and urgent forces, bridging the divine gap between heaven and earth, and affording African hope and survival in a new and hostile world. Music and dance were spiritual, mental, physical, and emotional outlets. They were communication, documentation, passion , joy, anger, satire, education, and love. They were life itself, and the most amazing part is

38. Beyond Reverse Speech African cities like Kilwa Kisiwani, songo Mnara, Sanje ya to the development of theindigenous Zimbabwe culture Japan, the Dravidian and Veddah peoples of India http://www.beyondreversespeech.com.au/wn-0001.asp

"Collective Unconscious" or "Meta Unconscious" The intent of this essay is to attempt to explain the appearance of Eastern or Hindu words, such as Krishna and Shiva, in the speech reversals of African, Afro American, and Australian Aboriginal people. I will explore Carl Jung's theory of the collective unconscious as a possible explanation and then put forward another model based on an application of the concepts of oral tradition and oral diffusion. This alternative model I have termed the "Meta Unconscious." Hindu words regularly appear in the Reverse Speech of African, Afro American and Australian Aboriginal people. Occasionally this appearance has a religious purpose, but in most cases they are used in a unique and non - religious manner. Oddly these words are identified with the people themselves, in that Krishna and Shiva are used as substitute words for Aboriginal or African or black. They operate then as synonyms for the names of the peoples already mentioned. For this reason I termed these reversals, "Identity Metaphors." Examples may be found heard and studied on David Oate's web site at: http://www.reversespeech.com/australia/greg.htm

39. Bracton Books Catalogue List o Estudo da Antropometria dos Indigenas da Lunda e songo. 2739, HILL, POLLY ed. IndigenousTrade and Market Places Children of Woot, a History of Kuba peoples. http://www.socanth.cam.ac.uk/ant9.htm

West and Central Africa BEKAERT, STEFAN System and Repetoir in Sakata Medicine, Democratic Republic of Congo. Uppsala Studies in Cultural Anthropology, 31, 2000, 380pp, figs., plates, bottom front corner bent, wraps Return to List Selection Page

40. ArcePage The Americas had been settled by peoples from Asian More modern variations are thesongo and the salsa music, dress, dance and activities indigenous to each http://communityartsadvocates.org/arcepage.html

Afro-Caribbean Workshop Community Arts Advocates Stephen H. Baird, Executive Director PO Box 112, Jamaica Plain, MA 02130 Telephone: 617-522-3407 Email: mail@communityartsadvocates.org Web site: http://communityartsadvocates.org Program Dsicription: Workshops includes slides, maps and over 25 percussion instruments from the Caribbean. Audience involvement is keystone to workshops and performances given by Jorge with participants joining in on drums, rhythm instruments, stories and dances. Roster member of Mass. Cultural Council, New England Foundation for the Arts, Ch. 636 Eduational Models CEDOS, ARK 17, Boston Public Schools. Jorge Arce received his Master of Education Degree from Harvard University in 1994. Arce is listed in Who's Who, 1984-85. He has received numerous awards, including: the Cardinal Cushing Center Award for Outstanding Services to the Community 1987; the Alianza Hispana Recognition for Outstanding Contributions to the Continuing Growth and Success of the Hispanic Community 1991; the Mayor's Recognition to Outstanding Contributions to the City of Boston, 1991; and the Massachusetts House of Representatives Recognition for Outstanding Contribution to the Arts, 1991. His musical group Humano was awarded the Boston Music Award for Outstanding Latin Act, 1990. His cultural workshops and performances were programmed at more than 1000 schools, universities and educational centers. Jorge Arce is currently the Director for Programming at the Puerto Rico Institute for Culture.

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