41. Ocean Trust - Briefing Book - SALMON AND MORE SALMON NMFS listed two salmon ESUs, Central Valley Springrun Chinook and California CoastalChinook ESU, as threatened species under the endangered species Act. http://www.oceantrust.org/brief_book/salmon9_99.htm

Briefing Report SALMON AND MORE SALMON September 1999 Salmon Production Sets New Records When stories about salmon migrate from the food page to the front page, the lead has nothing to do with taste, texture or preparation. Nor is it likely that the story will report on the explosive growth in salmon production worldwide. Farmed salmon produced a record 1.7 billion pounds in 1998 and Alaska wild harvests were over 700 million. The headlines' focus is endangered salmon. With all the farmed and wild production, why are salmon endangered? There are five species of salmon found along the West Coast of the United States: Pink, Coho (Silver), Chinook (King), Chum and Sockeye (Red). Steelhead and Coastal Cutthroat trout are also part of the salmonid population. These species are further classified into "races" based on their spawning season, and "populations" based on their spawning tributary. As a result, there are over 1,000 runs of salmon in the Pacific Northwest. The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) groups these runs into 58 distinct populations called evolutionary Significant Units (ESUs) on the basis of genetics, life history and watershed area of their spawning tributary. For example, Chinook Snake River Fall-run ESU is considered a distinctly different population from Chinook Snake River Spring/Summer-run ESU. Since the purpose of the Endangered Species Act (ESA) is to prevent extinction (i.e., the irreversible loss of genetic material), several ESUs may exist for each salmon species.

42. Extinct, Endangered And Threatened Species There are 1,072 endangered and threatened species in the 126 species of fish, suchas coho salmon; 115 species of reptiles, such as the green sea turtle. http://www.factmonster.com/ipka/A0906937.html

Almanac Science Animals Ways of Life Extinct, Endangered and Threatened Species Many species of animals are disappearing from our planet. Extinct means that the entire species has died out and can never return. Endangered animals are those in immediate danger of becoming extinct. Threatened species are likely to become endangered in the future. There are 1,072 endangered and threatened species in the world. The list includes: 342 species of mammals, such as the red wolf, the right whale and the mountain gorilla 273 species of birds, such as the California condor, the whooping crane and the northern spotted owl 126 species of fish, such as coho salmon 115 species of reptiles, such as the green sea turtle Source: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service What's that Animal Number? Ways of Life Why Do Animals Become Endangered? AD AD AD AD AD Print this page Cite this page Awards and Press Link to Fact Monster Add Fact Monster search ... Privacy

43. Snake River Chinook Salmon Proposed For "Endangered" Reclassification the endangered species Act, a threatened species is likely to become endangered;an endangered species is in is known as spring/summer chinook salmon. http://www.publicaffairs.noaa.gov/pr94/dec94/chin.html

NOAA 94-R199.3 Contact: Brian Gorman FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE (206) 526-6613 (O) 12/27/94 (206) 441-1250 (H) SNAKE RIVER CHINOOK SALMON PROPOSED FOR "ENDANGERED" RECLASSIFICATION The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Marine Fisheries Service has proposed to permanently reclassify as "endangered" two populations of chinook salmon in the Pacific Northwest's Snake River, because the fish are at risk of extinction. The proposal comes on the heels of the decision last August to change, on an emergency basis, the status of the Snake River chinook from "threatened" to the more perilous "endangered." That emergency action will expire April 17, 1995. Snake River chinook were listed as "threatened" in April 1992. Since then, stocks returning to their home streams in Washington and Oregon continue to decline, with adult fish returning from the ocean in lower numbers than at the time the species was first listed. Under the Endangered Species Act, a threatened species is likely to become endangered; an endangered species is in danger of becoming extinct.

44. ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT WORKS TO PROTECT COASTAL COHO IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA, ORE Additionally, the fisheries service will list as threatened under the Endangeredspecies Act a dwindling population of coho salmon that straddles portions of http://www.publicaffairs.noaa.gov/pr97/apr97/noaa97-r128.html

NOAA 97-R128 Contact: Gordon Helm FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE 4/25/97 ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT WORKS TO PROTECT COASTAL COHO IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA, OREGON In a decision that reflects the flexibility inherent in the Endangered Species Act to build on state-designed conservation plans, the Commerce Department's National Marine Fisheries Service today reached an agreement with Oregon and pledged to continue to work with California with the aim of protecting dwindling populations of coho salmon on the West Coast. The fisheries service said it will continue to work vigorously with both states to support their salmon conservation efforts and ensure public participation in the coastal coho salmon rebuilding process through the states' management plans. The fisheries service has decided that the coho population group along the central and northern Oregon coast will be placed on the agency's "candidate species" list (a list of species that potentially may be classified as threatened or endangered in the future) and not be listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act. The fisheries service said it would rely in part on Oregon's salmon plan to protect these coho. Additionally, the fisheries service will list as threatened under the Endangered species Act a dwindling population of coho salmon that straddles portions of both Oregon and California, known as the transboundary population, and will prohibit "taking," with certain exemptions based on state conservation planning efforts. The fisheries service can forbid killing or harming a threatened species activities known collectively as "taking."

45. Scientific Evaluations Of Biological Opinions On Endangered And Threatened Fishe to protect short nose and Lost River suckers, two fish species listed as endangeredin 1988, as well as coho salmon, which were designated as threatened in 1997 http://www4.nas.edu/news.nsf/isbn/0309083249?OpenDocument

46. ATTACHMENT A ATTACHMENT A. FEDERALLY LISTED AND PROPOSED endangered AND threatened species, CANDIDATEspecies Chum salmon (Lower Columbia River) 5/ Oncorhynchus keta **T. http://www.westmultconserv.org/SpeciesListMULT.htm

ATTACHMENT A FEDERALLY LISTED AND PROPOSED ENDANGERED AND THREATENED SPECIES, CANDIDATE SPECIES AND SPECIES OF CONCERN THAT MAY OCCUR IN MULTNOMAH COUNTY LISTED SPECIES Mammals Columbian white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus leucurus E Birds Aleutian Canada goose Branta canadensis leucopareia T Bald eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus T Northern spotted owl Strix occidentalis caurina CH T Fish Chum salmon (Lower Columbia River) Oncorhynchus keta **T Steelhead (Middle Columbia River) Oncorhynchus mykiss **T Steelhead (Upper Willamette River) Oncorhynchus mykiss **T Steelhead (Lower Columbia River) Oncorhynchus mykiss **T Steelhead (Snake River Basin) Oncorhynchus mykiss ** T Sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka CH **E Salmon River tributary to the Snake River, Idaho. Chinook salmon (Lower Columbia River) Oncorhynchus tshawytscha **T Chinook salmon (Upper Willamette River) Oncorhynchus tshawytscha **T Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha CH **T Spring/summer/fall runs in the Snake River Plants Golden paintbrush Castilleja levisecta T Willamette daisy Erigeron decumbens var.

47. Group Urges Judge To Take Salmon Off Threatened List on the proper role of hatchery fish in listing species as threatened or endangered. bya federal judge last year in a case involving coho salmon, a close http://www.montanaforum.com/rednews/2002/11/26/build/wildlife/salmonlist.php?nnn

48. Status Of Oregon's Pacific Salmon Under The Endagered Species Act A threatened species is any species that is likely to become an endangered specieswithin the means a distinctive group of Pacific salmon has been http://eesc.orst.edu/salmon/background/status.html

Status of Oregon's Pacific salmon under the Endangered Species Act Chinook Salmon 1. Southern Oregon and California Coasts (Proposed Threatened) 2. Oregon Coast (Not Warranted) 3. Lower Columbia River (Proposed Threatened) 4. Upper Willamette River (Proposed Threatened) 5. Middle Columbia River Spring-run (Not Warranted) 6. Snake River Fall-run (Listed Threatened) 6x. Snake River Fall-run (proposed extension of range of listing) 7. Snake River Spring/Summer-run (Listed Threatened) Chum Salmon 8. Pacific Coast (Not Warranted) 9. Columbia River (Proposed Threatened) Coho Salmon 10. Southern Oregon/Northern California Coasts (Listed Threatened) 11. Oregon Coast (Listed Threatened) 12. Southwest Washington/Lower Columbia River (Candidate Species) Pink Salmon No distinct population segments identified in Oregon. Sockeye Salmon No distinct population segments identified in Oregon. Sea-run Cutthroat Trout 13. Umpqua River (Listed Endangered) Other populations to be defined after completing coast-wide status review. Steelhead 14. Klamath Mountains Province (Candidate)

49. Threatened And Endangered Species threatenedfederal Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch Plover (Charadrius alexandrinusnivosus), threatened-federal American delisted from endangered-federal 8/25 http://www.nps.gov/redw/threatened.html

The Endangered Species Act of 1973 deems that all federally listed endangered and threatened species be restored to the point where they are again viable, self-sustaining members of their ecological communities. Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), threatened-federal; endangered-state Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis), Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), threatened-federal Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), threatened-federal Marbled Murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus marmoratus), threatened-federal; endangered-state Northern Spotted Owl (strix occidentalis caurina), threatened-federal Steelhead Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), threatened-federal Stellar Sea Lion (Eumatopias jubatus), threatened-federal Tidewater Goby (Eucyclogobius newberryi), endangered-federal Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus), threatened-federal American Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)

50. Watershed Stewards Project Bulletin; Endangered Species Act And The Coho Salmon be in trouble can be listed as threatened, defined as portion of its range, or endangered, which is In the coho salmon investigation, freshwater physical http://www.northcoast.com/~fishhelp/news_f/spr97/coho.html

Endangered Species Act and the Coho Salmon Proposed West Coast Coho Salmon Evolutionarily Significant Units Source: Status Review of Coho Salmon from Washington, Oregon and California. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFSS-NWFFC-24. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic Atmospheric Association, National Marine Fisheries Service: September 1995. C oho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) is a species of Pacific salmon occurring in several river systems around the northern Pacific rim. On the west coast of North America, coho salmon are found from the San Lorenzo River near Santa Cruz, CA., to British Columbia. In October of 1993, in response to three petitions seeking protection for coho salmon under the Endangered Species Act (ESA), the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) began a status review of coho salmon in Washington, Oregon, and California. T he Endangered Species Act of 1973 allows for the designation of distinct population segments of a species as Evolutionarily Significant Units (ESUs). Determinate factors may include: genetics, life history, bio-geography, geology, and other environmental components. Once an ESU is identified, a variety of factors related to population abundance are considered to determine whether a listing is warranted. A ny petitioned ESU found to be in trouble can be listed as "threatened," defined as any species which is likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range, or "endangered," which is defined as any species in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.

51. Endangered Species Act Founders In 1999 - 12/28/1999 - ENN News - Environmental But the loss column numbered 46 other species, including 11 salmon and steelheadvarieties in the West, all of which are now endangered or threatened. http://www.enn.com/enn-news-archive/1999/12/122899/esawrapup_8562.asp

Site Index: Home News ENN Earthnews Affiliates News In-Depth Topics Interact Online Quizzes Postcards Marketplace Advanced Search Advertise Join ENN e-mail Subscription Take our Survey Affiliate Tech Center Post Press Release Help About ENN Site Map Endangered Species Act founders in 1999 Tuesday, December 28, 1999 By Lucy Chubb The peregrine falcon was removed from the list of endangered species this year. The victories included the peregrine falcon and Aleutian Canada goose, both of which were set free from the endangered species list. But the loss column numbered 46 other species, including 11 salmon and steelhead varieties in the West, all of which are now endangered or threatened. It could have been worse, but 1999 was not kind to endangered species in the United States. Enacted in 1973, the Endangered Species Act was designed to restore protect endangered and threatened species. Despite attempts in some legislative camps to undermine the act, its essential provisions remain intact. Next fiscal year the ESA program will even see a slight increase in funding. In July, a recommendation by federal officials to remove the bald eagle from the endangered list met with opposition from biologists and other conservationists who insisted that, while the raptor's population has shown steady growth since the 1960s, habitat preservation and long-term recovery were still of concern.

52. Florida Forestry Information - Threatened And Endangered Species threatened or endangered species with narrow habitat requirements. species of economicimportance (eg, blue whale, sea turtle, ocelot, Atlantic salmon) species http://www.sfrc.ufl.edu/Extension/ffws/tes.htm

Florida Forestry Information Threatened and Endangered Species Species judged as threatened or endangered are listed by state, federal, and international agencies as well as by some private organizations. Threatened and endangered species reach their status because of one or more of five factors: Natural Causes Extinction is recognized as a natural biological process consistent with the concepts of evolution. Based on fossil records, birds have a mean species lifespan of about 2 million years, while mammals have a mean species lifespan of about 600,000 years. Extinction by natural causes may mean the actual death of a species or the evolution of the species into one or more new forms. Overspecialization, competition, sudden climatic change, or catastrophic events such as earthquakes or volcanic eruptions are natural causes of species' death. Introduced Exotic Predators Introduction of exotic species to ecosystems often disrupts natural systems, especially when a predator is introduced. Native species are seldom adapted to handle these often devastating components of their environment. Sometimes predators are introduced to control another exotic species, thus compounding the biological effects on the system. Exotic predators will inevitably turn to native fauna or flora in search of food. Nonpredatory Exotics Nonpredatory exotics are often agents of competition and/or disease. Other effects may also be attributed to their introduction.

53. CNN - Feds List Coastal Coho As Endangered, Sparking Heated Debate - Oct. 25, 19 SAN FRANCISCO (CNN) With California's coastal coho salmon population on to protectthe fish as a threatened species under the endangered species Act. http://www.cnn.com/EARTH/9610/25/salmon/

Watch Earth Matters on CNN and CNN International. Feds list coastal coho as endangered, sparking heated debate October 25, 1996 Web posted at: 11:59 p.m. EDT SAN FRANCISCO (CNN) With California's coastal coho salmon population on the brink of extinction, the National Marine Fisheries Service said Friday it will move to protect the fish as a threatened species under the Endangered Species Act. The NMFS said it was deferring by six months a decision on whether to list two other coho salmon populations found in northern California and Oregon because of scientific disagreement over how many they are and the degree to which they are threatened. "We have decided to list the central California coho populations as a threatened species under the endangered specials act," said Hilda Diaz-Soltero, Fisheries Service Southwest regional administrator. The listing decision was seen as highly sensitive in an election year. California Gov. Pete Wilson, a Republican, and Oregon Gov. John Kitzhaber, a Democrat, had both asked the NMFS to delay a decision. Once a species is listed under the Endangered Species Act, industrial activity, development and water usage that could harm its habitat are closely scrutinized by the authorities, and that could lead to restrictions on logging, farming and other development.

54. Endangered Species Act for the development of a recovery plan in response to the listing of Puget SoundChinook salmon as threatened under the endangered species Act of 1973. http://www.cityofmillcreek.com/endangered_species_act.htm

C ity of M ill C reek 15728 Mill Creek Boulevard, Mill Creek, Washington 98012 Administration: (425) 745-1891 or (425) 337-1116 Fax - (425) 745-9650 Police Department: (425) 745-6175 or (425) 337-1115 Fax - (425) 745-4680 What is the Endangered Species Act? The Endangered Species Act (ESA) was adopted by Congress in 1973 to help protect and recover fish, wildlife, and plants that are in danger of extinction. The ESA requires federal action to stop or change activities that cause species to become extinct. Since fish populations are rapidly declining in the northwest, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), under provisions of the ESA, has listed several fish species whose habitat and populations are threatened. Fish species listed as threatened and identified within the Mill Creek area primarily (North Creek and its tributaries) include Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, and Cutthroat Trout (currently a candidate species). The ESA states that it is unlawful for anyone to "take" (ie; kill, harm or harass) endangered or threatened species and their habitats. What is Mill Creek doing to comply?

55. Fisheries Service To Update Candidate Species List Some species are now listed as threatened or endangered under the ESA (Saimaa seal,Delta Included in these fifteen species are six Pacific salmon species. http://swfsc.nmfs.noaa.gov/NewsRel/071497.htm

Fisheries Service to Update Candidate Species List As part of the Administration's commitment to improve implementation of the Endangered Species Act, the National Marine Fisheries Service is updating its 1991 list of species that are candidates for possible addition to the List of Endangered and Threatened Species, the Commerce Department's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration announced today. "The revisions to the candidate species list strengthen the scientific basis of the list,"; said Rolland Schmitten, director of the fisheries service." This will enable the fisheries service, other agencies and our partners in the private sector to focus attention and resources on unlisted species that are most likely to need help in the future if we do not act now." In contrast to species listed as threatened or endangered under the Endangered Species Act (ESA), no regulatory protections are granted to candidate species. The candidate species list assists the public by providing advance notification that these species may warrant listing in the future, identifies declining species for additional management attention, andencourages voluntary conservation that will help prevent the need to ever list the species.

56. Endangered And Threatened Species; Proposed Endangered Status For A Distinct Pop and procedure, endangered and threatened species, Exports, Imports Sec. 224.101 Enumerationof endangered marine and Common Name'' from ``salmon, Atlantic'' to http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/sharks/InNews/sawprop.htm

In the News Shark Selections... Sharks Home ISAF Home ...stats, maps, graphs CSFOP Home IUCN/SSG Home Great White Home Megamouth Home In the News References Home Education-sharks DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 50 CFR Part 224 Pp. 19414-19420 [Docket No. 000303059-1019-02; I.D. No. 021700B] RIN 0648-XA49 Endangered and Threatened Species; Proposed Endangered Status for a Distinct Population Segment of Smalltooth Sawfish ( Pristis pectinata ) in the United States AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Commerce. ACTION: Proposed rule, notice of availability; request for comments. SUMMARY: DATES: Comments on this proposal and on the December 2000 Smalltooth Sawfish Status Review must be received [[Page 19415]] by July 16, 2001. A public hearing will be held promptly if any person so requests within 45 days of the date of this publication. Notice of the location and time of any such hearing will be published in the Federal Register not less than 15 days before the hearing is held.

57. ESPN NBA.com NHL.com RPM ABC EXPN Insider Shop order in September after concluding that it made no sense for the government to declarewild coho salmon threatened under the endangered species Act while not http://espn.go.com/outdoors/fishing/news/2001/1218/1297572.html

sLgTgRedirStr = ""; document.write( ''); document.write( ''); ESPN NBA.com NHL.com RPM ... Fantasy on error resume next FlashInstalled = (IsObject(CreateObject("ShockwaveFlash.ShockwaveFlash.4"))) If FlashInstalled = "True" then flash = 1 End If OUTDOORS FISHING NEWS Zip Code: Inland Lake Maps Hunt/Fish Licenses Destinations Animal Encyclopedia ... Newsletter sign-up Federal court blocks delisting of salmon By David Kravets The two-sentence decision from the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals stops any logging along the salmon's habitat that was authorized under U.S. District Judge Michael Hogan's ruling in September. The circuit's decision will remain in place until it makes a final ruling, which could be months or years. "The logging will now stop," said Patti Goldman, an attorney with the environmental group Earthjustice in Seattle. Hogan's ruling opened the door to thousands of acres to be logged in the Umpqua National Forest and the Siskiyou National Forest. Hogan issued the delisting order in September after concluding that it made no sense for the government to declare wild coho salmon threatened under the Endangered Species Act while not granting the same status to hatchery born salmon. Environmentalists appealed. Among other things, the federal act demands that endangered or threatened species' habitats be protected.

58. ENDANGERED SPECIES MEDIA RELEASES One representative of the group of endangered and threatened species, which includesGrizzly bears, numerous salmon stocks, fox and Beluga whales, said that http://mypage.uniserve.ca/~robertc/animals.htm

Media Releases and Campaign Updates "Endangered Species Act doesn't help our habitat", critters tell the Feds Enviros say the polar bear will go extinct under new proposed Endangered Species Legislation Threatened animals and fish en route ... to Vancouver Media Release Jan. 26/96 For Immediate Release January 26, 1996 Endangered Species Dogging Prime Minister "Endangered Species Act doesn't help our habitat", critters tell the Feds VANCOUVER, B.C. Today representatives of Canada's endangered species showed up at the Hyatt Regency where the Prime Minister and his Caucus are meeting. The animals and fish condemned the government's failure to protect their habitat and future. Only a tiny fraction of those species under threat were able to make it: grizzly bears, salmon, elk, fox and numerous other animals carried placards that said, "WILL WORK FOR HABITAT". Hundreds of other species had to send their regrets, stating that they are too busy trying to find a place to live, now that their habitat has been destoyed. Habitat destruction is responsible for 80 percent of species decline in Canada. "The proposed legislation ignores the fact that most species walk, fly or swim," said Tzeporah Berman of Greenpeace. "We cannot protect endangered species without strong Federal leadership that ensures habitat protection across Canada."

59. Salmon Rule - Frequently Asked Questions passed the ESA in 1973 to protect an endangered species and the habitat it needsto survive. Puget Sound chinook salmon were listed as threatened on March 16 http://www.cityofbellevue.org/page.asp?view=1253

60. NESARC -- National Endangered Species Act Reform Coalition -- Washington Total endangered = 14 Total threatened = 21. salmon, Upper Columbia River summerand fall-run chinook (ESU) - P, Southwestern Washington/ Columbia River http://www.nesarc.org/wast.htm

"Restoring Balance to the ESA" Learn About the ESA Choose a Topic Home Common Questions NESARC News Legislative Info Listed Species The ESA's Impacts Press Room About NESARC Become a Member Search the Site Washington Total Number of Listed and Candidate Species = 53 Mammals (5) Deer, Columbian white-tailed - E Bear, grizzly or brown - T Caribou, woodland - E Wolf, gray - E Canada lynx - T Birds (6) Eagle, bald - T Pelican, brown (California) - E Goose, Aleutian Canada - E Owl, northern spotted - T Murrelet, marbled - T Plover, western snowy (PCP) - T Reptiles (3) Turtle, green sea - E Turtle, leatherback sea - E Turtle, olive (Pacific) ridley sea - E Fishes (17) Salmon, Snake River sockeye - E Salmon, Snake River spring/summer sockeye - T Salmon, Snake River fall sockeye - T Salmon, Snake River spring/summer chinook - E Salmon, Snake River winter chinook - T Salmon, Snake River fall chinook - E Upper Columbia River steelhead salmon (ESU) - E Steelhead, Snake River Basin (ESU) - T Steelhead, Lower Columbia River (ESU) - T Bull trout - T Salmon, Puget Sound chinook (ESU) - T Salmon, Lower Columbia River

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