21. ADAP Drugs: Trimetrexate (Neutrexin) Has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of moderateto-severe PCP pneumonia in people with compromised immune systems.(Neutrexin) http://www.atdn.org/access/drugs/neut.html

trimetrexate (Neutrexin) Drug description Trimetrexate has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of moderate-to-severe PCP pneumonia in people with compromised immune systems. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, commonly referred to as PCP, can affect the lungs as well as other parts of the body, including the skin and internal organs. People who are at the greatest risk of contracting this type of pneumonia are those who have less than 200 T4 cells. Symptoms of PCP include shortness of breath, dry cough, and fever. Trimetrexate is an alternative for people that can't take other approved treatments like TMP/SMX . It can also be used if the PCP pneumonia doesn't get better with the standard treatments. Due to very serious and potentially life-threatening side-effects of this drug, leucovorin must be co-administered for at least 72 hours after the last dose. Side effects Dosage Trimetrexate is usually given at a dose of 45 mg/m2 once daily by intravenous infusion over 60-90 minutes. Leucovorin must be given daily during trimetrexate treatment and for 72 hours afterward. Leucovorin may be given intravenously at a dose of 20 mg/m2 over 5-10 minutes every 6 hours or orally as 4 doses of 20 mg/m2 spaced evenly throughout the day. How long it may take to work The recommended course of therapy is 21 days of trimetrexate and 24 days of leucovorin.

22. Pneumonia | Definition pneumonia is an inflammation or infection of the lungs. The lungs Lobarpneumonia affects a section (lobe) of a lung. Bronchial pneumonia http://www.lung.ca/pneumonia/definition.html

Pneumonia is an inflammation or infection of the lungs. The lungs' air sacs fill with pus, mucus, and other liquid and can not function properly. Oxygen can not reach the blood. If there is insufficient oxygen in the blood, body cells can not function properly and may die. Lobar pneumonia affects a section (lobe) of a lung. Bronchial pneumonia (or bronchopneumonia) affects patches throughout both lungs. Lobar Pneumonia Bronchial Pneumonia Pneumonia Home Page What Is Pneumonia? Causes Prevention ... Recommend this page The Canadian Lung Association site strives to provide you with timely, accurate information, which is not intended for diagnosis or self treatment Privacy Statement

23. WebMD - Yet Another Reason To Put That Cigarette Down Cigarettes are the leading cause of an infection that can cause severe pneumonia or meningitis pneumococcal infections. http://my.webmd.com/content/article/1728.55546

WebMD Today Home WebMD Newscenter Member Services WebMD University My WebMD Find a Doctor, Clinic Medical Info Check Symptoms Medical Library Quizzes, Calculators Clinical Trials ... Family Genetics Who We Are About WebMD Health Mall Sponsored: Lose Lbs Naturally Heart Failure? Trouble Focusing? Yet Another Reason to Put That Cigarette Down By Peggy Peck WebMD Medical News Email to a friend Printer-friendly version March 8, 2000 (Cleveland) Cigarette smoking is a well-known risk factor for cancer and heart disease, and a new study from the CDC reports that cigarettes are also the No. 1 cause of an infection that can cause severe pneumonia or meningitis. Cigarettes, the CDC researchers say, increase the risk of this infection by four times for smokers and more than double the risk to nonsmokers exposed to secondhand smoke. The study is reported in this week's issue of The New England Journal of Medicine. Pneumococcal infections are caused by a bacteria called Streptococcus pneumoniae. They are the leading cause of pneumonia in the U.S. "The more the person smokes, the greater the risk, both in terms of cigarettes per day and years smoking," says researcher Anne Schuchat, MD, chief of the CDC's Respiratory Disease Branch. The risk remains high for 10 years after a person quits, then drops to the risk of nonsmokers, she says. This is good news because it means "this is not a permanent effect of smoking," she says.

24. THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 6, Ch. 73, Pneumonia General. pneumonia An acute infection of lung parenchyma includingalveolar spaces and interstitial tissue. pneumonia (pneumonitis http://www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual/section6/chapter73/73a.htm

This Publication Is Searchable The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy Section 6. Pulmonary Disorders Chapter 73. Pneumonia Topics [General] Pneumococcal Pneumonia Staphylococcal Pneumonia Streptococcal Pneumonia ... Aspiration Pneumonia [General] Pneumonia: An acute infection of lung parenchyma including alveolar spaces and interstitial tissue. Pneumonia (pneumonitis) may affect an entire lobe (lobar pneumonia), a segment of a lobe (segmental or lobular pneumonia), alveoli contiguous to bronchi (bronchopneumonia), or interstitial tissue (interstitial pneumonia). These distinctions are generally based on x-ray observations. (See also discussions of tularemic pneumonia under Tularemia and pneumonic plague under Plague in Ch. 157 and rickettsial pneumonia under Q Fever in Ch. 159; pneumonias in newborns are discussed in Neonatal Pneumonia in Ch. 260.) Etiology and Epidemiology In the USA, about 2 million people develop pneumonia each year and 40,000 to 70,000 die; it ranks sixth among all disease categories as a cause of death and is the most common lethal nosocomial (hospital-acquired) infection. In developing countries, lower respiratory tract infections are usually the major cause of death, or they rank second only to infectious diarrhea. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common. Other pathogens include anaerobic bacteria

25. Environmental Tobacco Smoke Effects of secondhand smoke on children and adults asthma attacks, lower respiratory tract infections such as bronchitis and pneumonia; buildup of fluid in the middle ear; upper respiratory tract irritation; lung cancer. http://www.epa.gov/ncea/smoking.htm

26. THE MERCK MANUALHome Edition, Sec. 4, Ch. 41, Pneumonia Chapter 41. pneumonia. pneumonia is an infection of the lungs that involves thesmall air sacs (alveoli) and the tissues around them. Pneumococcal pneumonia. http://www.merck.com/mrkshared/mmanual_home/sec4/41.jsp

27. CNN - Billy Graham In Hospital With Pneumonia - December 4, 1997 CNN.com http://www.cnn.com/US/9712/04/billy.graham.pm/

Billy Graham in hospital with pneumonia Doctor says infection 'caught early' December 4, 1997 Web posted at: 6:16 p.m. EST (2316 GMT) JACKSONVILLE, Florida (CNN) Evangelist Billy Graham remains hospitalized in Florida with what his physician is terming "a run-of-the-mill case of pneumonia." "We are fortunate we caught this process early," said Dr. Charles Burger at a news conference Thursday. "He's conscious, alert. He can communicate. He's doing that very well." Graham was reported in fair but stable condition at St. Luke's Hospital in Jacksonville. Burger said Graham should be able to go home "in a few days" but that his progress would have to be monitored on a "day-to-day basis." A review of Billy Graham's life Graham, 79, began experiencing fever, chills and other symptoms of a lung infection about a week ago. Wednesday evening, he cut short a Caribbean vacation and was admitted to St. Luke's, which was the nearest affiliate of the Mayo Clinic in Minnesota, where Graham has been receiving treatment for Parkinson's disease. Burger said Graham's pneumonia, isolated to his lower right lung, was unrelated to Parkinson's, a progressive neurological disorder. He was receiving antibiotics and intravenous fluids.

28. CMS National Pneumonia Project National pneumonia Project of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services(CMS). This website is maintained by the Oklahoma Foundation http://www.nationalpneumonia.org/

Home About the Project Calendar Contact Us ... What's New Available February 2003: Medicare Quality Improvement Clearinghouse www.medqic.org The National Pneumonia Project is part of a comprehensive national health care quality March 17, 2003 Dr. Bratzler’s presentations to CDC National Immunization Conference CLICK HERE November 11, 2002 “Missed Opportunities” article published in Archives of Internal Medicine MORE INFO October 2, 2002 New CMS Rule Revision Allows Standing Orders in Hospital, Nursing Home and Home Health Settings MORE INFO For more information about the national quality improvement projects, visit the CMS Quality website at www.cms.hhs.gov/qio/1a1-c.asp We welcome our collaborators and others who are working toward these efforts to explore the information contained on this site. Your comments and feedback are appreciated. QUALITY IMPROVEMENT ORGANIZATION SUPPORT CENTER (QIOSC) – INFECTIOUS DISEASES Oklahoma Foundation for Medical Quality, Inc.

29. CDC/NCHSTP-Division Of HIV/AIDS Prevention CDCOpportunistic Infection Series, covering Cryptosporidiosis, Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Toxoplasmosis, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), and opportunistic infections from handling pets or other animals. http://www.cdc.gov/nchstp/hiv_aids/pubs/brochure.htm

The Internet address for this web page at the CDC has changed. Please update your bookmarks. In about 5 seconds you will be redirected to the new Internet address, or click here http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pubs/brochure.htm

30. Interventions Sampler National pneumonia Project of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services(CMS), formerly the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA). http://www.nationalpneumonia.org/interventions/sampler/sampler.html

Home About the Project Calendar Contact Us ... What's New Available February 2003: Medicare Quality Improvement Clearinghouse www.medqic.org Sampler Home Inpatient Sampler Outpatient Sampler PURPOSE The purpose of this Interventions Sampler is to assist health care providers in improving the processes of care by offering this sample collection of interventions related to the objectives of current CMS national clinical projects . We encourage health care providers to contact their state quality improvement organizations for further quality improvement assistance. The sample interventions provided below represent examples of partnerships, strategies, and intervention materials developed by Quality Improvement Organizations (QIOs) in every U.S. state and territory. Each QIO works within its state’s health care system to help health care providers to measurably improve the quality of care delivered to Medicare beneficiaries. QIOs have developed and nurtured unique relationships in their communities as facilitators, partners, providers of technical services, and consultants. QIOs work in partnership with all components of the health care system, including hospitals, physician offices, outpatient clinics, managed care organizations, and nursing homes. The following interventions are representative of the materials and assistance available in support of the CMS National Pneumonia Project for the purpose of increasing pneumococcal and immunization vaccination rates within the Medicare population. Contact your local

31. Welcome To ViroPharma Develops proprietary antiviral pharmaceuticals for treatment of viral diseases including summer flu, common cold, Influenza, Hepatitis C and viral pneumonia. (Nasdaq VPHM). http://www.viropharma.com/

Press Releases Press Releases

32. Medical Microbiology: Neal Chamberlain's Microbial World A helpful resource on infectious diseases and the pathogens that cause them. There is a lot of course material, as well as table and catalogues describing diseases such as pneumonia, brucellosis and whooping cough. http://www.kcom.edu/faculty/chamberlain/default.stm

This free script provided by Website Abstraction Search WWW Search This Site! Sister sites: Dr. Baer's Physiology Site Microbiology: Neal's Microbial World! Medical Microbiology (Neal Chamberlain's look at the Microbial World!) WHAT'S NEW!! PDA Downloads MAOPS: Microbiology of Wounds Computerized Teaching Materials for the Infectious Diseases Course at KCOM* Dr. Chamberlain's Infectious Diseases Lectures 2002-2003 These lectures include the Hematopoetic, Systemic, Upper respiratory tract, Lower respiratory tract, Urinary tract, and Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Dr. Tritz's Infectious Diseases Lectures 2002-2003 These lectures include the Central Nervous System, Integument, Eye, Ear, Skeletal, Cardiovascular, Gastrointestinal Tract infections. Articles will give you information to respond calmly rather than react fearfully to the recent acts of bio-terrorism. Clinical Cases Developed at KCOM Betty White Mr. Potter Sally Kleinfelder Helen Sparks ... Computerized Clinical Cases from here, there, and everywhere Skin Rashes: Diseases 1-6.

33. EMedicine - Pneumonia, Aspiration : Article By Philippe Le Conte, MD, PhD pneumonia, Aspiration Aspiration pneumonia frequently is seen in emergencymedicine. pneumonia, Aspiration. Last Updated July 16, 2001, http://www.emedicine.com/EMERG/topic464.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties CME PDA ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Emergency Medicine Pulmonary Pneumonia, Aspiration Last Updated: July 16, 2001 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: Mendelson syndrome, pneumonitis AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 11 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Philippe Le Conte, MD, PhD , Consulting Staff, Department of Emergency Medicine, University Hospital of Nantes in France Editor(s): Dana A Stearns, MD , Assistant Director of Undergraduate Education, Assistant, Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital; Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD , Senior Pharmacy Editor, Pharmacy, eMedicine; Paul Blackburn, DO , Program Director, Department of Emergency Medicine, Maricopa Medical Center; Assistant Professor, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona; John Halamka, MD , Chief Information Officer, CareGroup Healthcare System, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Assistant Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; and

34. Bronchiolitis - DrGreene.com Learn about bronchiolitis and how it differs from pneumonia. The article also covers diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. http://www.drgreene.com/21_1040.html

QUICK SEARCH A - Z Guide Allergies Allergy Care Guide Asthma Care Guide Bedwetting Breastfeeding Childhood Obesity Diabetes Care Guide Ear Infections Genetics Immunizations Infectious Diseases Parenting Potty Training Rashes Safety Sleep DrGreene.com Topic Centers Mission Reviews Awards Readers Comments Press Room Partners and Supporters Contact Us Pediatric Information A-Z Guide Allergy Care Guide Asthma Care Guide Diabetes Care Guide DrGreene´s Chats FAQ Fast Facts Feature Articles Guidelines Pediatric Updates Special Feature Top Tips Community Activty Guide Advanced Search Community Central Chat Chat Schedule Cute Faces Family Friendly Recipes Parent-to-Parent Resources The DrGreene Team Newsletter Prenatal Newborn Infants Toddlers Pre-Schoolers School Age Teens / Adolescents Multimedia Library Children's Health Fertility Bronchiolitis Introduction: Worried parents stand over the crib, listening to their baby cough and struggle to breathe. He may have bronchiolitis. Most parents have heard of pneumonia or bronchitis, but what does bronchiolitis mean? What is it?

35. Pneumonia, Disease Information, NCID, CDC pneumonia. Chlamydia pneumoniae Technical information. Pneumocystiscarinii pneumonia General, technical and additional information. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/submenus/sub_pneumonia.htm

Infectious Disease Information Contents Infectious Diseases Information Index Useful Sites Infectious Disease Information Pneumonia Chlamydia pneumoniae Technical information Drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Disease Technical and additional information Haemophilus influenzae Serotype b (Hib) Disease Technical and additional information Human Parainfluenza Viruses Technical fact sheet Mycoplasma pneumoniae Technical and additional information Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia General, technical and additional information Pneumonia Among Children in Developing Countries Technical and additional information Streptococcus pneumoniae Disease Technical and additional information Selected prevention and program area home pages Active Bacterial Core Surveillance Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases Respiratory and Enteric Viruses Branch Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases National Immunization Program Outside NCID site Top of Page NCID Home Disease Information NCID Organization ... Health Topics A-Z This page last reviewed October 4, 2001

36. Whiskeytown Review of pneumonia. http://www.uttermusic.com/whiskeytown.htm

WHISKEYTOWN Pneumonia Related artists: Ryan Adams (solo), Wilco, Willard Grant Conspiracy Best listened to: if you don't own any other Whiskeytown Sample Tracks: Ballad Of Carol Lynn Don't Wanna Know Why This album has received a lot of slack from those who expect more from Whiskeytown, and the press is half-justified. Pneumonia is a remarkably mediocre album; the kind which could inspire an old pop star like Elton John to sing Adams' praises and eventually join him onstage at a Toronto concert. It's here we're delivered (for the most part), the most ineffectual alt.country created by an independent band today. Perhaps that's why they broke up and left this album as their swan song. "The Ballad of Carol Lynn" is good starter, and raises hopes kept afloat by the next song "Don't Wanna Know Why". "4 Reasons to Lie" swells with repetitious guitar plucks quite nicely, only to have the album then choke up at mid-section. The saving grace here, for some, is the Elton Johnesque "Mirror, Mirror". Completely un-country and as gaudy as sequin socks with white pants, all Adams' influences however wide-ranging, are laid bare with this track. I can imagine "Mirror, Mirror" being despised by purists, but it's catchy as hell. "Paper Moon" and "What the Devil Wanted" also shed some quirky sparkle, but after that the rest of Pneumonia is a write off. The only thing left for diehard Whiskey fans is the last page of the liner notes, which simply state, "Thank you and goodnight."

37. This Page Has Moved From the Centers for Disease Control, clinical data collected to discuss the particulars of this pneumoni Category Health Conditions and Diseases pneumonia......This page has moved, please update your bookmarks or links to the newaddress http//www.cdc.gov/ncidod/hip/pneumonia/1_bactpn.htm. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/hip/pneumonia/1_bactpn.htm

This page has moved, please update your bookmarks or links to the new address: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/hip/pneumonia/1_bactpn.htm You will be forwarded automatically in a few seconds. Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion National Center for Infectious Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta, GA

38. ADAP Drugs: Primaquine A treatment for malaria which is also used in combination with clindamycin for treating mild to moderate PCP pneumonia when first choice treatments are not tolerated or not working well. http://www.atdn.org/access/drugs/prim.html

primaquine (Primaquine Phosphate) Drug description Primaquine is a treatment for malaria. Primaquine is also used in combination with clindamycin for treating mild to moderate PCP pneumonia when first choice treatments are not tolerated or not working well. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, commonly referred to as PCP, can affect the lungs as well as other parts of the body, including the skin and internal organs. People who are at the greatest risk of contracting this type of pneumonia are those who have less than 200 T4 cells. Symptoms of PCP include shortness of breath, dry cough, and fever. PCP seems to occur very frequently in women as a first or second AIDS-defining illness. Diagnosis in women is often delayed and the illness may be severe by the time it is detected. Studies are ongoing to determine the usefulness and safety of combined treatment with primaquine and clindamycin. Side effects The combination of primaquine and clindamycin is generally well tolerated. Nausea, vomiting and stomach cramps occasionally occur. Other side effects can be anemia, headache, visual disturbance and intense itching. Dosage Combination therapy with oral primaquine at 15 or 30 mg daily with clindamycin given intravenously or orally at 1.8-3.6 g in 3 or 4 divided doses daily is effective in treating PCP.

39. Walking (a) Pneumonia Walking (a) pneumonia. Background. The lungs have two major components thatare crucial to the respiration process The “walking pneumonia”. http://www.co.broward.fl.us/mei00249.htm

Walking (a) Pneumonia Background The lungs have two major components that are crucial to the respiration process: Air conducting tubular passages (the bronchi and their branching smaller bronchioles.) The air exchange microscopic chambers (the alveoli) The respiratory gases , oxygen and carbon dioxyde (the latter being the waste product of breathing) are exchanged back and forth, between the air in the alveoli and the blood circulating within the minute blood vessels present in the ultra-thin walls of the air chambers. It clearly follows that normal respiration requires not only free passage of air into the air-chambers but also thin, unencumbered alveolar walls that can permit easy diffusion of the respiratory gases in and out of the circulating blood in the lungs. The pneumonias Pneumonias are infections of the lungs, in which the offending organism (i.e. bacteria, viruses, molds or other micro-organisms) trigger a substantial defense response. This defensive response , called inflammation, mobilizes to the infected organ , millions of microscopic fighters ( white blood cells) that attack and actually swallow the foreign invaders. The trouble is that like in real wars, even friendly armies can create problems, and in the case of the pulmonary infections, the inflammatory cells may either:

40. Medstudents - Pneumology - Pneumonia Overview General considerations about pneumonia , giving importance to prevalent agents in different groups Category Health Conditions and Diseases pneumonia......General considerations about pneumonia , giving importance to prevalent agentsin different groups of patients. Pneumology pneumonia Overview. Introduction. http://www.medstudents.com.br/pneumo/pneumo6/pneumo6.htm

Pneumology Medstudents' Homepage Pneumonia Overview Introduction Notwithstanding the availability of potent antimicrobial drugs, pneumonia is still a major health problem. It is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that can be caused by a virus, bacteria or mycoplasma and is characteristically accompanied by cough, sputum production, fever, chills and pleuritic chest pain, all of which may be preceded by an upper respiratory tract infection. Physical examination reveals signs of consolidation of the lung parenchyma (increase tactile and vocal fremitus, bronchophony, egophony, bronchial breath sounds, fine rales over the consolidated area). Often there is also an associated pleural effusion, that can produce opposed features in physical examination (distant-to-absent breath sounds, pleural friction rubs which may fade as effusion becomes outstanding, decreased fremitus and flatness to percussion). These signs are most recurrently found with bacterial pneumonia, whereas viral and mycoplasma pneumonias present with very few signs (often, only rales are heard). Pathogenesis 1-aspiration of oropharyngeal secretions and associated bacterial flora;

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