1. MMS Releases Landmark Study That Assembles Historical Physical Oceanography Data Titled Reanalysis and Synthesis of Physical oceanography historical Data, the study focuses on waters deeper than 200 http://www.gomr.mms.gov/homepg/whatsnew/newsreal/011128s.html

U.S. Department of the Interior Minerals Management Service Gulf of Mexico OCS Region FOR RELEASE: November 28, 2001 Barney Congdon Caryl Fagot Debra Winbush MMS Releases Landmark Study that Assembles Historical Physical Oceanography Data of Gulf of Mexico Reanalysis and Synthesis of Physical Oceanography Historical Data , the study focuses on waters deeper than 200 meters across the northern Gulf, and from the surface to the seafloor. The area is of interest to the MMS because of increased exploration for oil and gas along the continental slope and rise of the Gulf. This study lays the groundwork for further research into the movement of water at all depths. An understanding of the movement of water, such as tides and currents, is integral to the understanding of the marine environment and the focus of physical oceanographic studies. This data synthesis includes much of what has been learned about water circulation in the Gulf of Mexico over the past fifty years and identifies what is still not understood. All available data from governmental agencies, academic institutions, private organizations, and Mexican institutions were collected and compiled into a single database, which is available on three CD’s as part of the report. The data were analyzed and the principal physical processes at work in deepwater were identified and prioritized according to the need for additional data. The contractors identified criteria and constraints for designing future studies both in the field and in computer modeling.

2. A Brief History Of Marine Biology And Oceanography Historical overview of marine sciences from the bronze age to the 20th century, with images and a timeline. http://www.meer.org/mbhist.htm

MEER home Marine biology home Table of Contents Index ... University of California online course in Marine Biology A Brief History of Marine Biology and Oceanography Phoenician colonies and voyages, modified from The Challenger Reports (summary), 1895 Homers conception of the world during the Heroic era, modified from The Challenger Reports (summary), 1895 Herodotus map of world, modified from The Challenger Reports (summary), 1895 Aristotle modified from Singer, 1921 About this time, however, observations of natural phenomena related to the seas and oceans began to be written down. Herodotus, around 450 BC, wrote of the regular tides in the Persian Gulf, the deposition of silt in the Nile Delta, and uses the term "Atlantic" for the first time to describe the western seas. In the fourth century, the Phocaean colonists of Massila (Marseilles), sent the Greek astronomer Pytheas on a voyage out of the Pillars of Hercules (Gibraltar), where he traveled to Britain, Germany, and the Baltic Sea. He describes conditions in a distant far northern sea, which may have been in the Arctic (he describes it as having a 24 hour day at the summer solstice), as thick and gelatinous like a jellyfish (these waters are at times thick with gelatinous organisms of various kinds). " I found no basis prepared; no models to copy... Mine is the first step, and therefore a small one, though worked out with much thought and hard labor. It must be looked at as a first step and judged with indulgence."

3. Geoscience/Geography Prerequisites Introduction to Geology or Introduction to oceanography historical Geology Introduction to Geology or Physical Geology http://www.njcu.edu/Aca/Geo/geopr.html

Course With Prerequisite Satisfied by the Following To Geography Course Descriptions. To Geoscience Course Descriptions. Return to Geoscience/Geography Department

4. Historical Oceanography Subject Library historical oceanography Subject Library. oceanography has always been dependent on technology. http://www.oceansonline.com/lib_history.htm

Historical Oceanography Subject Library Oceanography has always been dependent on technology. Advances in our understanding of the oceans often result from new ways to get at or measure the ocean: better ships, better submersibles, better instruments (including satellites). Oceanography has historically been driven by either economic needs or military needs. The first peoples of the world took to the ocean to find food or jewelry or other material resources. The oceans have seen many a battle, from European conquests of Latin America to the World Wars. Even today, aircraft carriers and submarines are vitally important to protecting national interests. Oceanography is largely funded by governments; few commercial applications of oceanography exist. While fisheries and aquaculture show promise as commercial ventures, it is still the world's governments who fund ocean science. Oceanography requires cooperation among many people with vastly different interests and skills. Besides the obvious divisions between ship's crew and ship's scientists (which may or may not get along), the oceanographers themselves depend on each other for conducting experiments and making observations. As we have already seen, oceanography is a multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary, why-can't-we-all-get-along kind of science. Historical Oceanography Middens Historical Oceanography

5. Oceanography Resources Here you'll find links to other collections of links (i.e. historical oceanography. A list and description of notable historical expeditions of oceanographic interest. http://stommel.tamu.edu/~baum/oceanography.html

home meta maps models ... places Oceanography Resources Here you'll find links to other collections of links (i.e. metalinks), a list of available numerical ocean circulation models, various educational and enlightening documents, a guide to the scattered and varied data sets available, a list of references or three, and a guide to the graphics and imaging resources available via the Web. There's also the usual list of FTP/Gopher/WWW servers at various oceanographic institutions. Forthcoming will be an expanded (i.e. enlarged and annotated) version of the reference list(s), a more thorough review and discussion of the graphics resources (perhaps with the odd example), hopefully many more educational documents, a searchable data set collection, and much, much more on the subject of ocean circulation modeling. There'll also be an eternally growing glossary of oceanography terms as part of a larger climate/paleoclimate glossary. If you're using a graphical browser then you'll notice quite a few images of sailing vessels scattered throughout these pages. These were liberated from, amongst other places, the Age of Sail Page that contains all sorts of information about sailing past and present. More drawings and pictures of

6. Archives Of The Scripps Institution Of Oceanography An Early Career in American Physical oceanography.". historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences 202 http://scilib.ucsd.edu/sio/archives/siohstry/mcewen-biog.html

home Services Moving Image Collection Timeline ... Other Sites George Francis McEwen Biography George F. McEwen in Stanford doctoral robes, 1911 click on photo to see it larger George Francis McEwen was born on June 16, 1882, in Manchester, Iowa, the son of John Freemont McEwen, a jeweler, and Lillian Dodson McEwen. McEwen attended Iowa State College in Ames from 1885 to 1900, and from 1902 to 1905, supporting his studies with occasional work in watch repair. He withdrew after a serious bout of pneumonia. In 1905, McEwen and his mother moved to San Diego, California, hoping to improve their health. McEwen's mother moved with him to Palo Alto where he attended Stanford University from 1906-1908. He received an A.B. degree in 1908 and a doctorate in physics in 1911. McEwen had a teaching fellowship at Stanford while working on his doctorate and served as Instructor in Applied Mathematics at Stanford from 1910-1911. He was appointed Instructor in Mathematics at the University of Illinois in 1911. McEwen was recruited by William E. Ritter

7. La Jolla, Scripps Pier, California Tides information for Scripps Pier, including data, graph, and tide calendars. Provided by Scripps Institution of oceanography. http://cil-www.oce.orst.edu:8082/locations/2027.html

La Jolla, Scripps Pier, California Local time: 2003-04-10 6:27 AM PDT Warning: this host machine is using an obsolete time zone database. Summer Time (Daylight Savings Time) adjustments will not be done for some locations. Time Control Year: Month: Day: Note: predictions for some locations do not cover the full span of years. If your browser returns a blank page or a "no data" error, then the predictions that you requested are not available. Tide Calendars One month One year Calendars will be generated for the month/year noted at the top of this page. NOT FOR NAVIGATION Start over Master index Zone index XTide software ... Hints and tricks

8. GEO 465/565 Geographic Information Systems the Hawaiian Islands historical Review of oceanography (Cont.) historical Review of oceanography (Cont.) In the 19th http://dusk.geo.orst.edu/oceans/PPT/geo103spr02_2.ppt

<) 0é ÉsXý€ <Ó0Çp/҄Ðãa-¸.Öмû]ˆT¡ˆ/·ø[@Š³âhÄgyœßj‡xߣÁ-¸5Þ@ "¼Giqv[f£ßF <Þlz!«EỸ¥Tšñ86½`Ûw±ë^ÑýޒS*°%ùÀçþû Í0¸b©+—Ç]¤fŒHÈËãxßGBoIÝñ0´Ô•¶¸²ããÅÀûQ])È+‘O¤Êß%óuŸÈè!Á‹»Ë¯÷“Ófègºþ+R“«†#^ÊP´tÝm3ðŠü6~â•Ð´X8B å%ür”[ A`éãxé!ü b/‘ < è·V*§d†PþÓ4(Ú3¤_eN:HLuä‡ÊÓ#62äDŸ*-:êÔ̑ ¢±B船³hº:÷3LV©ÀUÈ®˜ð·A2ÓXé]ÐR¸X1òåzK <”Ó¢ÈtÞ"ê ¢£›aÉÏû®_‚`±¤Ñæ-–R²T³¢QÕߏ–ÅD¡V¨k,³€°¬ëGõúј«Æ,Æ,9©Õ‹ ÒíüL$)B <`b1‘a«‘02l z CiL¬Ü "ÉèTW/©üO2ŒËƒÕ%Dâ–oŒò•‘’ÂßJÞaQÞjŒý‚°g—f û€ˆ <uš`¢D¼OZbê ˆØ㪁—má›^Ïé/«'a·ÚoÛûã‚SچϞYÅgÏn±öÐK <^V"ÿ <3i‰/CÉv·u#TÀû©ÈôG#ôøS–sEñláÄÜ¢!ÉM³9X̑ãòDvuQYFYš¦²g¦øñ;@Äàa+¼µv ±˜ïÉjj1µè <òc±/¬©ËPÑ® óà.$y4˜ d¾h®;r¨NOKU‚FM .Ê6¸fÊï <‹iT ð ØL c‡1L÷ô(C ¹ÖT_ßÚúx¯Æ8åy <2µÑÙ×w¶oðÔÉwÞyû­ãÿ"4„·°Š¹)àK0‰wÎí_¨×Xg››aótJ½XÆ +ÏIA fbt0Ý)+x櫃_ Ÿ:?t~ CÄVGv:F⶷a£!+Ô7¸@Â-K­ïè^b·§äÀ©–K¥iYTlB)g4º./D!‹m´í­7A–­YE"ŽŠ$ <Ò?ùäOßxíµ¿ù~wÏS? < 庁c¹M• ÍÐCm®åC6±Ÿ€^»qã*¥Î ¹ƹÙ³?OùâšHHÖìä­ðÜ$Î% §ÄýtãêôصÄÕÙÇù‚i’I‚ñIOFä®eTȏ/àŸÖ <×gãþ"@%JÅì̔ïÏuI@Ôðîù×Fü#·'Âñä È`,b)Î/ Øƒã]Œã+=%TµMƒàñÉ¿½þÆÿù½¿øúóP8šÌÍù?åo/=o

9. MMS Releases Landmark Study Of Historical Physical Oceanography Data Of The Gulf Caryl Fagot. (504) 7362590. Debra Winbush. (504) 736-2597. MMS Releases LandmarkStudy of historical Physical oceanography Data of the Gulf of Mexico. http://www.gomr.mms.gov/homepg/whatsnew/newsreal/020408s.html

U.S. Department of the Interior Minerals Management Service Gulf of Mexico OCS Region April 8, 2002 Barney Congdon Caryl Fagot Debra Winbush MMS Releases Landmark Study of Historical Physical Oceanography Data of the Gulf of Mexico , Deepwater Physical Oceanography Reanalysis and Synthesis of Historical Data (MMS 2001-064) , focuses on waters deeper than 200 meters across the northern Gulf, and from the surface to the seafloor. The area is of interest to the MMS because of increased exploration for oil and gas along the continental slope and rise of the Gulf. This study lays the groundwork for further research into the movement of water at all depths. An understanding of the movement of water, such as tides and currents, is integral to the understanding of the marine environment and is the focus of physical oceanographic studies. This data synthesis includes much of what has been learned about water circulation in the Gulf of Mexico over the past 50 years and identifies what is still not understood. All available data from governmental agencies, academic institutions, private organizations, and Mexican institutions were collected and compiled into a single database, which is available on three CDs as part of the report. The data were analyzed and the principal physical processes at work in deepwater were identified and prioritized according to the need for additional data. The contractors identified criteria and constraints for designing future studies both in the field and in computer modeling.

10. The Remarkable Ocean World: Online Library: Main Branch Documents provided are developed as part of a general education college course in oceanography. The Category Science Earth Sciences oceanography Libraries...... historical oceanography, Middens. historical oceanography, The Chumash Indians.historical oceanography, Pearl Divers. historical oceanography, Wayfaring. http://www.oceansonline.com/library.htm

Online Library: Main Branch about this library where do you want to surf today? Search for: Search: Entire Document Title Only Match: Any Terms Exact Phrase Subject Branches Biological Oceanography Chemical Oceanography Geological Oceanography Historical Oceanography ... Space Science Subject Areas (arranged alphabetically) Topics (arranged randomly) Biological Oceanography The Gaia Hypothesis Biological Oceanography Gaia Thoughts Biological Oceanography Origins of Life Biological Oceanography Phytoplankton Biological Oceanography Oceanic Photosynthesis Biological Oceanography The Seasonal Thermocline Biological Oceanography Seasons of the Sea Biological Oceanography Oceanic Food Webs Biological Oceanography Hydrothermal vent organisms Biological Oceanography Creatures of the Abyss Biological Oceanography Alvin and the ROVs Biological Oceanography Squids Biological Oceanography Fishes Biological Oceanography Sharks Biological Oceanography Whales and Dolphins Biological Oceanography Songs of the Whale Biological Oceanography Evolution of Marine Invertebrates Biological Oceanography Dinosaurs of the Sea Biological Oceanography The California Grunion Biological Oceanography The Rocky Intertidal Chemical Oceanography Properties of Water Chemical Oceanography The Hydrologic Cycle Chemical Oceanography Why the Sea is Salt Geological Oceanography

11. CHAMP | SEAKEYS Program NOAA and the Florida Institute of oceanography (FIO) are supplying daily and historical enhanced CMAN data via the http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/cman/cman_menu.html

HOME NOAA/CORAL POPULAR RESEARCH/DATA ... ABOUT Sorry but you are using a browser which is not capable of properly displaying all of the features found on this site. You might consider downloading the latest version of either or Internet Explorer SEAKEYS/C-MAN Bulletins and Historical Data NOAA and the Florida Institute of Oceanography (FIO) are supplying daily and historical enhanced C-MAN data via the SEAKEYS program and this Web Page. These data are also supplied daily via e-mail to interested researchers. To learn more about the SEAKEYS program, please click here. Please see this important note regarding SEAKEYS/C-MAN data! SEAKEYS/C-MAN Bulletins from the Florida Straits Last 72 hours worth (usually), beginning early this morning (EST): Fowey Rocks Molasses Reef Long Key Sombrero Key ... Dry Tortugas Hourly reports (from about 6:30am through 6:30pm EST only), available on the half-hour: Fowey Rocks Molasses Reef Long Key Sombrero Key ... Dry Tortugas Reports from the Northwest Florida Bay Station Data format Most recent hourly data Accumulated monthly data (e.g., nfbYYMM.asc, where YY is the year, and MM is the month). COMPS Station printout for NW Florida bay FIO field technicians Chris Humphrey and Jeff Absten are primarily responsible for maintenance of the SEAKEYS/C-MAN stations in the Florida Straits.

12. North America, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Maps And Atlases From East View Cartogra Geographical Synopsis, Geophysics, historical Geography, History Of Cartography,Human Geography, Hydrology, oceanography, Physical Geography, Physical Relief, http://www.cartographic.com/xq/ASP/AreaID.36/RegionID.267/north_america/united_s

home about east view standing orders service specials: Ukrainian maps ... site map Search GIS / Map Librarian Position shopping cart my account Browse Regions Browse Types Topographic Maps Nautical Charts ... Transport Geography UNITED STATES OF AMERICA East View Cartographic offers an impressive selection of topographic maps of North America. EVC offers USGS produced, NIMA produced, and Russian produced maps of the United States, as well as national topographic mapping of Canada and Mexico. EVC can offer georeferenced topographic maps to the customer's requirements. what's new samples specials: Ukrainian maps contact us ... publications

13. Europe, UNITED KINGDOM Maps And Atlases From East View Cartographic, Leader In T Geographical Synopsis, Geophysics, historical Geography, History Of Cartography,Human Geography, Hydrology, oceanography, Physical Relief, Population Geography,Soils, http://www.cartographic.com/xq/ASP/AreaID.3/RegionID.266/europe/united_kingdom/q

home about east view standing orders service specials: Ukrainian maps ... site map Search GIS / Map Librarian Position shopping cart my account Browse Regions Browse Types Topographic Maps Nautical Charts ... Transport Geography UNITED KINGDOM East View Cartographic offers large and small scale mapping of Europe in national topographic maps and Russian Military Topographic mapping. EVC can offer georeferenced topographic maps to the customer's requirements. what's new samples specials: Ukrainian maps contact us ... publications

14. Guide, Archives Of The Scripps Institution Of Oceanography An Early Career in American Physical oceanography.". historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences 202 http://orpheus.ucsd.edu/speccoll/testing/html/mc21.html

A Guide To The George Francis McEwen Papers (1882-1972) Manuscript Collection MC 21 (9.2 li. ft.) Processed By: Dawnelle Ricciardi Deborah Day Monica Peffer Archives of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California, San Diego La Jolla, California 92093-0219 : January 1996 SIO Reference Number 96-3

15. Introduction To Physical Oceanography : Chapter 2 - The Historical Setting Oceanic Experiments Observations are exceedingly important for oceanography, yetobservations experiments may not t well within an historical chapter, perhaps http://oceanworld.tamu.edu/resources/ocng_textbook/chapter02.htm

Chapter 2 - The Historical Setting Chapter 2 Contents Definitions (2.1) Eras of Oceanographic Exploration (2.2) Milestones in the Understanding of the Ocean (2.3) Evolution of some Theoretical Ideas (2.4) ... Important Concepts (2.6) Our knowledge of oceanic currents, winds, waves, and tides goes back thousands of years. Polynesian navigators traded over long distances in the Pacific as early as 4000 BC (Service, 1996). Pytheas explored the Atlantic from Italy to Norway in 325 BC. Arabic traders used their knowledge of the reversing winds and currents in the Indian Ocean to establish trade routes to China in the Middle Ages and later to Zanzibar on the African coast. And, the connection between tides and the sun and moon was described in the Samaveda of the Indian Vedic period extending from 2000 to 1400 BC (Pugh, 1987). Those oceanographers who tend to accept as true only that which has been measured by instruments, have much to learn from those who earned their living on the ocean. Modern European knowledge of the ocean began with voyages of discovery by Bartholomew Dias (1487-1488), Christopher Columbus (1492-1494), Vasco da Gama (1497-1499), Ferdinand Magellan (1519-1522), and many others. They laid the foundation for global trade routes stretching from Spain to the Philippines in the early 16th century. The routes were based on a good working knowledge of

16. SCHEDULE FOR OCEANOGRAPHY 410 September 4, 2002 The historical Setting I Lecture 2. Early historyof oceanography; Development of theoretical ideas. September 6 http://oceanworld.tamu.edu/ocean410/ocng410_course_schedule.html

Introduction to Physical Oceanography (OCNG-410) Lecture Schedule for Fall 2002 This is a general outline of the material that will be discussed each day, and we will probably deviate from it as the course progresses. It is meant to be an overview of the topics to be discussed in roughly the order they will be discussed. Some topics may take more or less time than listed. You must read the appropriate chapter before coming to class, and you must turn in your solution to each day's problem. See the Course Information page for details. September 2, 2002 A Voyage of Discovery Lecture 1 The Big Picture September 4, 2002 The Historical Setting I Lecture 2 Early history of oceanography Development of theoretical ideas. September 6, 2002 The Historical Setting II Lecture 3 Importance of measurements in oceanography The sampling problem Problem 1 : You must determine if the frequency of hurricanes passing through an area at the edge of the continental shelf off the Mississippi River has increased in the last 40 years. Please describe an ideal data base with no sampling errors that you can use to answer the question. September 9, 2002

17. Oceanography Find. Home Data Products Catalog historical References oceanography. Home Data Products Catalog historical References oceanography. http://128.160.23.41/Products/Directory/climo/oceano

window.defaultStatus = "NGLI Support" Good Morning Northern Gulf of Mexico Littoral Initiative About NGLI Public Services Program Manager Find Home Catalog Historical References Oceanography Section Index Help Data Distribution in Situ Observations ... About NGLI Index View of Oceanography - Expand All - Collapse All ALACE Float Trajectories and Data GDEMV Query Form GIS Environmental Themes - Collapse All What's New 29 May 2002- GOES 8 - SST imagery can be viewed. 22 April 2002- Poster presentation including NGLI ADCP and CODAR data. 4-11 April 2002- Spring Pelican survey. 21 March 2002- ECOM model is operational. 21 March 2002- PDOM graphics available on website. 19 February 2002- ECOM model output processed by USM Model Status ADCIRC non-Op Biloxi non-Op COAMPS Up ECOM non-Op PDOM Up Pearl non-Op SWAN Up Home Catalog Historical References Oceanography Section Index Help Updated Thursday, 04/10/2003 - 08:24 Suggestions

18. HISTORY DEPARTMENT FACULTY: Naomi Oreskes Women's work and military patronage in twentieth century oceanography, historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences, in press. http://orpheus-1.ucsd.edu/history/NOreskes.html

Naomi Oreskes Introduction Major Honors Selected Publications: History and Philosophy of Science ... Selected Publications: Earth Science Introduction Naomi Oreskes is an Associate Professor in the Department of History and Program in Science Studies. She received her Ph.D. in geology and history of science from Stanford University in 1990, and then taught earth sciences and history of science at Dartmouth and New York University before returning to California to join the faculty at U.C. San Diego in 1998. Her early experience as a field geologist searching for mineral deposits in Australia led her to question the reasons for the declining importance and status of field work in geological research. As a historian of science, she now attempts to understand the intellectual preferences and predilections of scientists in historical and cultural terms. In The Rejection of Continental Drift: Theory and Method in American Earth Science (Oxford, 1999), Naomi examines the reasons why American geologists in the early twentieth century were so hostile to the idea of moving continents, later established as scientific fact. Most geologists believe that continental drift was rejected for lack of an adequate causal mechanism to explain drift. Naomi shows this isn't so; the same mechanism accepted today was proposed and widely discussed in the 1920s and 30s. Geologists rejected the theory of continental drift because it conflicted with the methodological standards of the scientific community at that time. So the question becomes, where do the methodological standards of scientists come from? How do scientists decides what constitutes good science?

19. Cullen Teaching Assistant, Brown University, 19761977, 1981; courses Stratigraphy andSedimentation, Physical oceanography, historical oceanography, Introduction to http://www.salemstate.edu/geol_sci/SSCGLS/jlc_personal.html

Salem State College Department of Geological Sciences James L. Cullen MarineGeo/Paleo Education Affiliations and Research Professional Background Publications Marine Geology Research Lab Teaching and Research Interests Marine Geology Submarine Geology Paleontology Environmental Geology Sedimentation and Stratigraphy ... Historical Geology Education B. A., Geology, Wesleyan University , Middletown, CT, 1972. Ph.D., Geological Sciences, Brown University , Providence, RI, 1983. Fields of study: Marine Geology/Micropaleontology/Paleoclimatology/ Stratigraphy. Thesis advisor: John Imbrie, Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University. Professional Affiliations Geological Society of America, National Assoc. of Geology Teachers, Phi Kappa Phi,American Geophysical Union, Sigma Xi, National Center for Science Education, Inc. Professional Reviewer numerous proposals submitted to Division of Ocean Sciences and Activities Division of Atmospheric Sciences, National Science Foundation. Reviewer numerous scientific research papers for journals Marine Micropaleontology, Paleoceanography, and for Ocean Drilling Program.

20. University Of California History Digital Archives San Diego historical Overview. By 1925, the scope of the activity had broadenedand the name was changed to the Scripps Institute of oceanography. http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/uchistory/general_history/campuses/ucsd/overview.htm

Search the San Diego collection Home General History The Ten Campuses ... San Diego Historical Overview About UC San Diego Historical Overview Administrative Officers Academic Units Colleges and Schools Academic Departments Graduate Division Institutes and Research Centers Student Life Student Housing Student Government Student Publications Student Services ... Traditions Libraries and the Arts Cultural Programs Libraries Additional Resources Related Links Bibliography Sources print-friendly format San Diego: Historical Overview The San Diego campus of the University of California had its origins in the closing years of the nineteenth century, when zoologists at Berkeley, setting out to establish a marine station on the Pacific, selected a site at La Jolla. The Scripps Institution Land and a building were given the Scripps Institution of Marine Biology by Mr. E. W. Scripps and Miss E. B. Scripps in 1909. In 1912, about a quarter section of land and improvements were deeded to the Regents of the University. By 1925, the scope of the activity had broadened and the name was changed to the Scripps Institute of Oceanography.

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