81. Ancient English History : New Chronology of English chronology and English history. It should be of real ancient chronology. The whole history of the problem modern "textbook in ancient and medieval history". In such a http://www.revisedhistory.org/Investigation-eng-history.htm

Join Now About Us Global Supranationalism Manifest and Mission Time to change names Money for the war Peacemaker ... Death for the Motherland Global Revision of History Preface View of Garry Kasparov Investigation of the Historical Dating Egyptian Horoscopes ... Recommended books Resources "Book of civilization" "Mysteries of Egyptian Zodiacs" "Investigation of English history" Online Discussions Take Action Join Now Volunteer Write Us Tourism Why Tourism Short Scheme Egypt Istanbul ... Register Investigation of English History A.T.Fomenko, G.V.Nosovskij NEW HYPOTHETICAL CHRONOLOGY AND CONCEPT OF THE ENGLISH HISTORY. BRITISH EMPIRE AS A DIRECT SUCCESSOR OF BYZANTINE-ROMAN EMPIRE.

82. History & Culture Of Russia / Ancient Russia ancient Russia. The early history of Russia, like those of many countries,is one of migrating peoples and ancient kingdoms. In fact http://www.geographia.com/russia/rushis02.htm

Ancient Russia T By 989, Oleg's great-grandson Vladimir I was ruler of a kingdom that extended to as far south as the Black Sea, the Caucasus Mountains, and the lower reaches of the Volga River. Having decided to establish a state religion, Vladimir carefully considered a number of available faiths and decided upon Greek Orthodoxy, thus allying himself with Constantinople and the West. It is said that Vladimir decided against Islam partly because of his belief that his people could not live under a religion that prohibits hard liquor. Vladimir was succeeded by Yaroslav the Wise, whose reign marked the apogee of Kievan Rus'. Yaroslav codified laws, made shrewd alliances with other states, encouraged the arts, and all the other sorts of things that wise kings do. Unfortunately, he decided in the end to act like Lear, dividing his kingdom among his children and bidding them to cooperate and flourish. Of course, they did nothing of the sort. Within a few decades of Yaroslav's death (in 1054), Kievan Rus' was rife with internecine strife and had broken up into regional power centers. Internal divisions were made worse by the depradations of the invading Cumans (better known as the Kipchaks). It was during this time (in 1147 to be exact) that Yuri Dolgorukiy, one of the regional princes, held a feast at his hunting lodge atop a hill overlooking the confluence of the Moskva and Neglina Rivers. A chronicler recorded the party, thus providing us with the earliest mention of Moscow, the small settlement that would soon become the pre-eminent city in Russia.

83. Ming Dynasty: Ancient History Of China Details the Ming dynasty, another most important dynasty in the ancient history of China when the great wall experience large scale expansion. http://www.warriortours.com/intro/history/ming/

Booking About Our Site Contact Us Link Partners ... History Ming Dynasty (1368 - 1644) Mongol rule in China was brought to an end after civil war among Mongol princes and an increasing conversion to the sedentary Chinese way of life that robbed the Mongol military machine of much of its effectiveness. Repeated natural disasters were followed by a massive peasant rebellion that the alien rulers could not quell. The Mandate of Heaven now shifted to Zhu Yuanzhang, a peasant leader who became eminent during the rebellions. After eliminating his rivals, Zhu Yuanzhang established the Ming Dynasty in 1368, with his capital city first in Nanjing and later in Beijing. Zhu Yuanzhang was historically known as Emperor Taizu. The Ming Dynasty was the last native Chinese dynasty to rule the empire. Spanning almost three centuries between the fall of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty (1271 - 1368) and the rise of the Manchu Qing Dynasty (1644 - 1911), the Ming reunited what is now called China proper after almost 400 years of foreign incursion and occupation. The Ming reached their zenith of power during the first quarter of the fifteenth century. The territory they controlled was smaller than that of the Yuan. However, at the height of their power, they controlled the Mongols in the north, captured the Western Region in the west, conquered the Jurchen (also Nuzhen) in the northeast, governed the Tibet in the southwest and established the Jiaozhi Prefecture in the south. During the Ming period, Zheng He's long voyages to Southeast Asia and the Indian Ocean made the Ming much more influential abroad than the Tang and no less influential than the later Qing.

84. Ancient China: The Mongolian Empire Mongolian Empire in ancient China's long history ruled by Kublai Khan was the vastest empire the world has ever seen. http://www.warriortours.com/intro/history/yuan/page3.htm

Booking About Our Site Contact Us Link Partners ... History Yuan Dynasty ( 1279 - 1368 ) Page Social Economy Following their invasion, the Mongols confiscated a vast amount of arable land and turned it over to pasture. State owned land was often granted to Mongol aristocrats and to Buddhist monasteries. These actions coupled with harsh taxes impoverished the peasant farmers, many of whom migrated to the South. Due to their ignorance of the need to control flooding, the Mongols neglected river defences and the Yellow River shifted its course with a resultant large loss of life. The incorporation of China into the Mongol empire did little to help their economy as so much trade was under foreign control. As trading profits were taken out of China, the metal currency was depleted and this led to the use of paper money and inflation. Large scale corruption existed and this together with the Mongol desire for splendor such as demonstrated by their building of Dadu caused impoverishment. Under Kublai, things were improved. He brought together groups of fifty households to develop land for agriculture, to improve flood defences and irrigation. This encouraged silk production. He also promoted the interests of artisans and merchants. He supported Ortogh, an association of mainly Muslim traders, who managed the trade along the Silk Road. He made wider use of paper currency but ensured its value was backed by adequate supplies of silver. This was an encouragement to commerce and with the construction of roads, improved canals and a postal system economic activity was enhanced.

85. Korean History From Ancient To Modern Korea Korean history historical information for Korea. http://asiarecipe.com/korhistory.html

Korea Current time in Korea Korean History Korean Tea History and Customs Korean Men's Clothing Korean Women's Clothing Korean Ceremonial Clothing ... How to earn a Korean man's heart at the table... Please Support our Sponsor Pre-20th Century - 57 B.C.: Evidence of inhabitants in Korea from as early as 4000 BC exists in Korea. Legend has that the man-god Tan Gun founded the Joseon (meaning Land of the Morning Calm Kingdom in 2333 BC. Almost no centralized communities existed from then until three kingdoms emerged in the 1st century BC. 57 B.C. - 668 A.D.: The Three Kingdoms of Silla Goguryeo , and Baekje had similar ethnic and linguistic backgrounds. Koguryo occupied the northern part of the peninsula from the Chinese border to the Han River, while Silla and Baekche dominated the southern regions. All three kingdoms were heavily influenced by China, and Buddhism was introduced to Koguryo in 372. Various alliances were formed either with or against the Chinese until 660 when Silla allied with China to overthrow Baekje. Goguryeo fell shortly afterwards in 668. The Silla Kingdom period marked the start of Korea's cultural development. Buddhism expanded and furled the construction of numerous temples and art works. However, despite Chinese influences, Silla remained largely tribal in culture. Society divided into distinct classes with a large semi-slave population supporting an aristocratic minority. Warlords began amassing power bases to the north and eventually took over Silla and founded a new kingdom-

86. History Of The World Britain, X AD XX AD, India, north America Africa, Australia, London. mongols,XIII AD - XV AD, China to Middle East, Karakorum. A history of knowledge. http://www.scaruffi.com/politics/worldhis.html

L'Automobile Vintage classic cars for sale From a private italian collection A Brief History of the World Piero Scaruffi To advertise on this space Per inserzioni pubblicitarie Um hier Werbung zu machen ... Internet Ancient History Sourcebook Civilizations and Empires Empire Timeframe Area Capital Sumers XXXVI BC - XX BC Mesopotamia Ur Egyptians XXXV BC - VI BC Egypt, Sudan, Palestine Thebes Elamites XXVIII BC - VII BC Persia Elam Minoans XXVI BC - XV BC Crete Knossos China XXIII BC - now China Xian Assyria XX BC - VII BC Mesopotamia Ninive Babylon XVIII BC - VI BC Mesopotamia to Egypt Babylon Hittites XVII BC - XIII Turkey, Palestine, Egypt Hattusa Achemenids XVII BC - XII BC Greece Mycenae Phoenicians XII BC - VIII BC Mediterranean Tyro Greece XII BC - IV BC Greece, Italy, Turkey Athens Persia IX BC - IV BC Egypt to Iran Persepolis Rome VIII BC - V AD Portugal to Syria Rome Macedonia IV BC - IV BC Egypt to north India Alexandria Seleucids IV BC - I BC Turkey to Afghanistan Antioch Bactria III BC - II BC Afghanistan to India Sogdiana Maurya IV BC - II BC India Patna Parthia III BC - III AD Turkmenistan, Iran

87. Mongols Encounter the mongols at the sites in these directories. General Mongol historyOverviews and examinations of general Mongol history in the Middle Ages. http://historymedren.about.com/cs/mongols/

zfp=-1 About History Medieval History Search in this topic on About on the Web in Products Web Hosting in partnership with Medieval History with Melissa Snell Your Guide to one of hundreds of sites Home Articles Forums ... Help zmhp('style="color:#fff"') This Week's Articles tod('tih'); Today in History Daily Quiz tod('pod'); Picture of the Day Special Subscription Offers Subscribe Now Choose One: Subscribe Customer Service Subjects Reference Tools Byzantine Studies Europe Great Britain ... All articles on this topic Stay up-to-date! Subscribe to our newsletter. Advertising Free Credit Report Free Psychics Advertisement Mongols This nomadic people once ruled much of Asia, and even conquered China in the thirteenth century. They collected tribute from Russia and threatened European stability. Encounter the Mongols at the sites in these directories. General Mongol History Overviews and examinations of general Mongol History in the Middle Ages. The Mongol People Mongolian women, warriors, and individuals of note. Topics in Mongol History Spirituality, military strength, incursions into Europe and other topics of interest concerning Mongolian history. Email this page!

88. Timelines Of Peoples And Places - I To R chronology from ancient times Fairly long article by Per Inge Oestmoen covers Mongolhistory, myth and heritage through Genghis Khan and beyond. mongols World http://historymedren.about.com/cs/timelinesitor/

zfp=-1 About History Medieval History Search in this topic on About on the Web in Products Web Hosting in partnership with Medieval History with Melissa Snell Your Guide to one of hundreds of sites Home Articles Forums ... Help zmhp('style="color:#fff"') This Week's Articles tod('tih'); Today in History Daily Quiz tod('pod'); Picture of the Day Special Subscription Offers Subscribe Now Choose One: Subscribe Customer Service Subjects Reference Tools Byzantine Studies Europe Great Britain ... All articles on this topic Stay up-to-date! Subscribe to our newsletter. Advertising Free Credit Report Free Psychics Advertisement Timelines of Peoples and Places - I to R India: Itihaas: Chronology Medieval India Covering from 1026 to 1756, the first part of this nicely styled timeline contains frequent hyperlinks to paragraphs of further information. Islam: The EAWC Chronology: Early Islam Five pages by Anthony F. Beavers at the Exploring Ancient World Cultures site provide capsule descriptions of events from ~500 to 1500 C.E., and offer links to images, primary sources, and further info. Italy: Virtual History of Venice Hyperlinked timeline of significant events in Venice's history from the invasion of Attila in 452 to the surrender of its sovereignty in 1797 presented by Boglewood Corporation.

89. History Of Rocketry: Ancient Times To The 17th Century history of Rocketry Chapter 1 ancient Times Through During this battle, the Mongolsemployed a potent form of fire arrow described as causing thunder http://www.spaceline.org/history/1.html

spaceline.org Contact Spaceline Spaceline Home/Site Index Launch Schedules spaceline, inc. About Spaceline Spaceline Photo Gallery Book Shop History of Rocketry Chapter 1 Ancient Times Through the 17th Century Written and Edited by Cliff Lethbridge The Roots Of Rocketry Historians believe that armies began hurling combustible weapons toward one another as early as 1,000 B.C. At the time, fire pots were used to set fires. Fire pots were simply pots containing flammable materials like naphtha that were ignited and hurled by various mechanical devices. The concept was simple, yet effective as fire pots were able to be easily deployed and could set fires over fairly large areas. Still, these were not rockets in the traditional sense. The Reaction Principle Is First Demonstrated Although the exact date remains a mystery, it is believed that the reaction principle was first demonstrated about 360 B.C. by a Greek named Archytas. Far from demonstrating the reaction principle in a weapon, Archytas simply filled a hollow clay pigeon with water. He then suspended the clay pigeon by string over a fire. The heating of the water produced steam, and the clay pigeon could move under its own power as steam escaped through strategically placed holes. Archytas could hardly have imagined that the same basic principle would one day carry men to the Moon.

90. History ... Karl Jones Web history See also Regional history Minneapolis history - ancient history - AndOn This Day In history - Timelines - Updated August 7, 2001 - 1158 PM. http://www.karljones.com/history/default.asp

"A Theme, Some Narrative, and a Bounty of Links" Home Page - Phone: karl@karljones.com Karl Jones Web HISTORY See also: Regional History Minneapolis History Ancient History And: On This Day In History Timelines Updated August 7, 2001 - 11:58 PM "You may think you are living in modern times, here and now, but that is the necessary illusion of every age. We did not conduct ourselves as if we were preparatory to your time. There was nothing quaint or colorful about us." E.L. Doctorow The Waterworks History pages - Alexander the Great America Ancient History Assyria ... War History Web Sites The History Place Web Essays pertaining to history On Greatness - August 1999 Fire and Revolution: a brief history of pyrotechnics and social dissent "History is not a random sequence of unrelated events. Everything affects, and is affected by, everything else. This is never clear in the present. Only time can sort out events. It is then, in perspective, that patterns emerge."

91. Education Planet Store ,store,World History,Asian History - Ancient - Medieval L JAPAN A Simulation of the Shogun history of Feudal to buy from socialstudies.comANCIENT CHINESE DYNASTIES skills and horsemanship, the mongols swept swiftly http://www.educationplanetstore.com/store/World_History/Asian_History_-_Ancient_

Apr. 09, 2003 18:46 PST Grade K - 2 Higher Ed. Search from over educational supplies by keyword and grade. Membership Log In User Name: Password: Welcome Education Planet Store helps teachers, parents, students and administrators find and purchase quality educational software, books, videos, maps, supplies and more! Featured Stores privacy Subcategories for: Asian History - Ancient - Medieval Featured Book Cinderella Grade: K-5 Now that she's a princess, Cinderella is suing her stepmother for back wages. 27 pages. Buy it at Socialstudies.com Featured Video Stress Grade: 6-12 Exposes the emotional and physical harm that can result from too much stress. Points out how to make stress ... Buy it at Socialstudies.com Featured Software Encarta World English Dictionary 2001 Grade: 6-12 Strong on newly minted words and phrases, this extensive dictionary benefits ... Buy it at Socialstudies.com Featured Map Grand Teton National Park, Wy Grade: K-12+ Maps for and by people who love the Outdoors! Trails Illustrated is recognized as ... Buy it at Maps.com

92. History history of the ancient region of Varkana located southeast of the Caspian Sea. It formed part of the Category Society history By Time Period ancient Persia...... The surrounding area, the ancient Hyrcania, was captured by AD) and conquered by theMongols(13th cent Dašte Gorgân Gonbad Steppes (Gorgân Plain) history. http://medlem.spray.se/davidgorgan/History.html

W elcome to homepage (Northern Iran) Culture Events Iranian Calender Maps ... Home History of Gorgan Wall Historical maps Links Related books ... Achaemenian (559-330 BC), Seleucid, and Parthian (247 B.C.-224 A.D.) empires, either as an independent province or joined with Parthia. In the list of Persian satrapies given by the Greek historian Herodotus, the Paricanians may have been the Hyrcanians. (247 B.C.-224 A.D. (Hassanzadeh, 2000) n Defense Wall See map At the point of the connection of the wall and the drainage canal from the dam, architects discovered the remains of the above wall. At parts, this wall is 6 m wide and in other parts the width is 10 m, which proves that the thickness of the wall differs in various regions, according to the natural features and soil configuration. Castles have been built at different distances. The longest distance between castles is 50 km and the shortest is 10 km.The 40 identified castles vary in dimension and shape but the majority are square fortresses.

93. All Titles - Cambridge University Press Muscovy and the mongols CrossCultural Influences on the Steppe Frontier, 1304–1589 NewCambridge Medieval history, The Edited by Timothy Reuter Volume 3, c http://publishing.cambridge.org/hss/history/medieval/all/page8

Home History Medieval History All titles ... Resources New titles email For news of new titles in History Related subjects Ancient History Cambridge Ancient History Early Modern History (1500-1750) Search All titles in Medieval History There are 158 titles available. Al-Ca Ca-Co Co-Ec Em-Fl ... La-Me Me-Ot Pa-Sa Se-Ve Vi-Wr Medieval European Coinage Philip Grierson, Mark Blackburn Volume 1, The Early Middle Ages (5th–10th Centuries) Medieval Manichee, The : A Study of the Christian Dualist Heresy Steven Runciman Also available in Hardback Medieval Russia, 980–1584 Janet L. B. Martin Also available in Hardback Medieval Spains, The Bernard F. Reilly Also available in Hardback Medieval Super-Companies, The : A Study of the Peruzzi Company of Florence Edwin S. Hunt Also available in Hardback Mediterranean Emporium, A : The Catalan Kingdom of Majorca David Abulafia Also available in Hardback Monarchies, States Generals and Parliaments : The Netherlands in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries H. G. Koenigsberger Money and its Use in Medieval Europe Peter Spufford Also available in Hardback Monks and Laymen in Byzantium, 843–1118

94. Sample Chapters - Cambridge University Press Sample chapters from our Medieval history titles are available for download in PDFformat. Muscovy and the mongols Donald Ostrowski Download chapter (723Kb). http://publishing.cambridge.org/hss/history/medieval/samples/page3

Home History Medieval History Sample chapters ... Resources New titles email For news of new titles in History Related subjects Ancient History Cambridge Ancient History Early Modern History (1500-1750) Search Medieval History Sample chapters Sample chapters from our Medieval History titles are available for download in PDF format. All samples are in PDF format. To view PDF files you may need Adobe Acrobat Reader. Download it for free from the Adobe website There are 46 sample chapters available. Ar-Cr Cr-Gr Gu-Mu Ne-St To-Wa Guillaume de Machaut and Reims Anne Walters Robertson Download chapter Herculean Ferrara Thomas Tuohy Download chapter Itinerant Kingship and Royal Monasteries in Early Medieval Germany, c.936–1075 John W. Bernhardt Download chapter Making Agreements in Medieval Catalonia Adam J. Kosto Download chapter Making of Gratian's Decretum , The Anders Winroth Download chapter Making of a Saint, The Catia Galatariotou Download chapter Making of the Slavs, The Florin Curta Download chapter Marriage in Italy, 1300–1650 Edited by Trevor Dean, K. J. P. Lowe Download chapter Mediterranean Emporium, A

95. Goryeo And Joseon Dynasties yusa (Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms), which records important history and traditionsthat Around this time the mongols consolidated power, and the new Song http://www.korea.net/learnaboutkorea/history/goryeodynasty.html

History Ancient History Goryeo and Joseon Dynasties Goryeo Dynasty Early Joseon Period Late Joseon Period Challenges of Modernization Modern History Goryeo Dynasty Silla was torn to pieces by rebel leaders such as Gyeon Hwon who proclaimed the Latter Baekje (Hu Baekje) state in Jeonju in 900, and Gung Ye who proclaimed the Latter Goguryero (Hu Goguryeo) state, the following year at Gaeseong. Wang Geon, the last rebel leader, the son of a gentry family, became the first minister of Gung Ye. Overthrowing Gung Ye for misdemeanors and malpractice in 918, he sought and received the support of landlords and merchants whose economic as well as political power overwhelmed the Silla government. Wang Geon easily raided Latter Baekje in 934. Wang Geon accepted the abdication of King Gyeongsun of Silla in 935. The following year he easily conquered Latter Baekje and unified the Korean Peninsula. Wang Geon was at first content to leave provincial magnates undisturbed. He was particularly careful to placate the Silla aristocracy. He gave former King Gyeongsun the highest post in his government, and even married a woman of the Silla royal clan, thus somewhat legitimizing his rule. Enthroned as the founder king of the Goryeo Dynasty (918-1392), the name of which was derived from Goguryeo, he drafted 10 injunctions for his successors to observe. Among the 10 injunctions he predicted probable conflict between his state and the northern nomadic states with Goguryeo's territory as the objective, and advised the strengthening of the state. He advised that Buddhist temples must not be interfered with, and warned against the usurpation and internal conflicts among the royal clans and the weakening of local power.

96. Southwest Asia Time Line 1167 To 1363 Chingis Khan's forever faithful shaman and foremost spiritual adviser, died. Mongolhistory and chronology from ancient times. 1243 The mongols defeat the http://www.spongobongo.com/time1.htm

Southwest Asia Time Line Before 1167 to 1363 I just wanted to lay out my notes in an easier format so I decided to try a time lime. What you see is not a finished product but rather a framework to build upon. While it may touch on many areas I am focusing on Persia, Turkey, India, and Turan. Southwest Asia Time Line Before 750 AD Southwest Asia Time Line 750 to 1167 Southwest Asia Time Line 1500 to Now The birth of Temujin ( Cingis Qan) 1167 -1227 (Ghingis Khan). Yesugei is murdered by the Tatar tribe in 1175. Mongol history and chronology from ancient times 1174/75: Cengiz Qan (Temujin) becomes betrothed to Borte. His father Yesugei is murdered by the Tatar tribe. Mongol history and chronology from ancient times A young man who would grow up to be Cingis Qan (Ghingis Khan) of the Mongols was aided by the son of the Chieftain of the Arulat clan. (The young man was Bo'orcu . He became one of Cingis Qahan's Dorben Kulu'ud (Great Warriors)) Yuan ch'ao pi-shih , quatrain 90. - W. 4

97. HallEuropeanHistory.com Kalka River 1223 Genghiz Khan's David Nicolle (and Shpakovsky) has brilliantly achieved with bringing ancient historyinto life, and in and wants to learn more about the mongols, Middle ages http://halleuropeanhistory.com/index.php/Mode/product/AsinSearch/1841762334/name

98. History & Culture Of Russia / Overview Dynastys ruled China for most of the last 4 000 years learn about China's dynastys in the Electronic Passport at www.mrdowling.com. http://www.interknowledge.com/russia/rushis01.htm

History of Russia W ith the dissolution of the Soviet Union there has been an enormous resurgence of interest in Russia's pre-Soviet past, as well as a great deal of debate and reconsideration of the Soviet era itself. This shift has not resulted in a simple vilification of everything Soviet or a naive embrace of all that preceded it, but it has spurred an unprecedented effort to regain the ancient Russian national heritage. Churches are being restored all across the country, great Russian writers and artists whose works were banned are once again being honored, and the individual character of ancient cities and communities is once again becoming established. Next year, the city of Moscow is celebrating its 850th Anniversary, a celebration that will mark the recovery, as well as the commemoration, of its glorious past. For most western visitors, the bulk of Russia's history is nothing more than a compendium of hazy legends and sensationalist rumorsfrom scurrilous stories about Catherine the Great to tabloid television reports of the miraculous survival of the children of Nicholas II. However, the factual history of the country is no less compelling than its fabulous history, and even a brief introduction to the great and not-so-great figures of its past make a visit far more rewarding. Ancient Russia The Romanovs Napoleon's Invasion The Path to Revolution ... The Soviet Era History The Gazeteer Transportation Tourist Offices

99. History & Culture Of Russia / The Mongols Russian Nat'l Tourist Office offers an overview of the Mongol empire and chronicles the antics of Ivan the Terrible. http://www.interknowledge.com/russia/rushis03.htm

The Mongols and the Emergence of Moscow K Ivan the Terrible succeeded his father Vasily III as Grand Duke of Moscow in 1533 at the age of three. His mother served as regent until she too died, when Ivan was eight. For the next eight years, the young Grand Duke endured a series of regents chosen from among the boyars (the nobility). Finally in 1547, he adopted the title of tsar and set about crushing the power of the boyars, reorganizing the military, and preparing to smite the Tatars. In 1552 he conquered and sacked Kazan, and in 1556 Astrakhan, having thus destroyed the lingering power of the Golden Horde. Ivan's Tatar campaigns opened vast new areas for Russian expansion, and it was during his reign that the conquest and colonization of Siberia began. Believe it or not, Ivan was not supposed to have been very terrible at all during the early years of his reign. However, as he grew older his temper worsened, and by the 1560s he carried out a pretty horrific campaign against the boyars, confiscating their land and executing or exiling those who displeased him. In 1581, in a rage, he struck his son and heir Ivan with an iron rod, killing him. Ancient Russia The Romanovs Napoleon's Invasion The Path to Revolution ... The Soviet Era History The Gazeteer Transportation Tourist Offices Activities Travel Tips Best Bets interKnowledge Corp

100. Electronic Passport To The Mongols This is not hard to understand when you compared the advanced civilization of ancientChina to the nomadic mongols who lived on the dry land north of the Great http://www.mrdowling.com/613-mongols.html

HOME TIME AND SPACE PREHISTORY MESOPOTAMIA ... The Boxer Rebellion The Mongols The ancient Chinese called their land Chung-Kuo, which means "Middle Kingdom." The believed they were at the center of the world, and that the people who lived north of Chung-Kuo were uncivilized. This is not hard to understand when you compared the advanced civilization of ancient China to the nomadic Mongols who lived on the dry land north of the Great Wall. Much of the land north of the Great Wall is steppe. Steppe is mostly treeless flat grassland that is unsuitable for agriculture. The tribes who lived on the steppe eventually became known as the Mongols. They maintained herds of sheep, goats, and cattle. The Mongols believed that water was a live spirit and that it would be sinful to pollute it. They did not wash their clothes or bodies because they believed it would anger their gods. They were terrified of rain and thunder. A Russian solder who traveled to Mongolia in the nineteenth century described the Mongols this way: "The first things that strikes the traveler in the life of the Mongol is his excessive dirtiness: He never washes his body and very seldom his face and hands. Owing to his constant dirt, his clothing swarms with parasites, which he amuses himself by killing in the most unceremonious way. It is a common sight to see a Mongol open his sheepskin or kaftan to catch an offending insect and to execute him on the spot between his front teeth. The uncleanness and dirt amidst which they live is partly attributable to their dislike, almost amounting to dread, of water "

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