61. Zambia population) 014 47, 1559 50, 60 3 (2000 est) Ethnic groups over 95 indigenous Africans,belonging 16th century Immigration of peoples from luba and Lunda http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/countryfacts/zambia.html

HOME Internet Access Broadband Easter ... Travel Search the Web: serveAd("REFERENCE.HOME") REFERENCE ENCYCLOPAEDIA Hutchinson's Encyclopaedia Country Facts On This Day ... Wildlife TOOLS Car Insurance Cheap Flights Downloads Email By Phone ... What's On TISCALI About Us Business Services Investor Relations Contact Us Find a country's flag, map or national anthem here. Click on a letter to find the country: A B C D ... Z Or search for a country: HUTCHINSON COUNTRY FACTS Zambia General Information Government Economy and resources Population and society ... Chronology GENERAL INFORMATION National name Republic of Zambia Area 752,600 sq km/290,578 sq mi Capital Lusaka Major towns/cities Kitwe, Ndola, Kabwe, Mufulira, Chingola, Luanshya, Livingstone Physical features forested plateau cut through by rivers Zambezi River, Victoria Falls, Kariba Dam back to top GOVERNMENT Head of state and government Frederick Chiluba from 1991 Political system emergent democracy Political executive limited presidency Administrative divisions nine provinces Political parties United National Independence Party (UNIP), African socialist Movement for Multiparty Democracy (MMD), moderate, left of centre Multiracial Party (MRP), moderate, left of centre, multiracial National Democratic Alliance (NADA), left of centre Democratic Party (DP), left of centre Armed forces 21,600 plus paramilitary forces of 1,400 (1998)

62. Emory University: Linguistic Anthropology: Bemba A Linguistic Profile A brief linguistic profile of the Central Bantu language spken in the Northern, Copperbelt, and Luapula Category Regional africa Zambia Society and Culture...... there is general agreement that the luba immigrants arrived known as the Bembaspeakingpeoples of Zambia as one of the four main indigenous languages (along http://www.emory.edu/COLLEGE/ANTHROPOLOGY/FACULTY/ANTDS/Bemba/profile.html

BEMBA: A Brief Linguistic Profile Please cite the information from these pages responsibly and inform us about your use. For guidance, go to How to Cite our Web Pages Debra Spitulnik Department of Anthropology, Emory University email: dspitul@emory.edu Mubanga E. Kashoki Institute of Economic and Social Research, University of Zambia Language Name: Bemba. Autonym: iciBemba. Alternate spellings: ciBemba, ChiBemba, ichiBemba. Location: Principally spoken in Zambia, in the Northern, Copperbelt, and Luapula Provinces; also spoken in southern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and southern Tanzania. Family: Bemba is a Central Bantu language. The Bantu language family is a branch of the Benue-Congo family, which is a branch of the Niger-Congo family, which is a branch of Niger-Kordofanian. Related Languages: Most closely related to the Bantu languages Kaonde (in Zambia and DRC), Luba (in DRC), Nsenga and Tonga (in Zambia), and Nyanja/Chewa (in Zambia and Malawi). Dialects: Principal dialects are: Aushi, Bemba, Bisa, Chishinga, Kunda, Lala, Lamba, Luunda, Ng'umbo, Swaka, Tabwa, and Unga. Each of these dialects is distinguished by its association with a distinct ethnic group, culture, and territory of the same name. Each dialect exhibits minor differences of pronunciation and phonology, and very minor differences in morphology and vocabulary. Because Bemba is such a widely used

63. Brian Siegel, "Water Spirits And Mermaids: The Copperbelt Case" snake, to represent the region's own indigenous, if originally luba Religion and Magicin Custom and Belief The IlaSpeaking peoples of Northern Rhodesia, 2 vols http://www.ecu.edu/african/sersas/Siegel400.htm

Southeastern Regional Seminar in African Studies (SERSAS) " Water Spirits and Mermaids: The Copperbelt Case" Brian Siegel (Anthropology) Sociology Department Furman University Greenville, SC 29613 E-mail: Brian.Siegel@furman.edu Spring 2000 SERSAS Meeting Western Carolina University Cullowhee, NC 14-15 April 2000 Paper Draft: Not to be cited or quoted without written permission This paper examines the history of the Central African Copperbelt's mermaid figure, the lake spirit of the Lamba and kindred peoples of the Copperbelt and Shaba Provinces. It suggests that the image of the mermaid is an example of diffusion, or cultural borrowing, and that this shadowy lake spirit only assumed the guise of a European-looking mermaid in the 20th century. Mamba Muntu and the Lamba Chitapo Until replaced by Old Testament scenes and portraits of Jesus in the 1980s, the Mamba Muntu mermaid - also known as la sirène (the mermaid), and, in Kolwezi, as madame poisson Whether reclining or seated, Mamba Muntu is an arresting and seductive figure. She is typically adorned with jewels, a watch, comb, and mirror, and inevitably has a large snake wound around her body. ng'anga whom Jules-Rosette interviewed in the Lusaka area each regarded this mermaid as an evil spirit which caused the men she possesses to abandon their wives (Jules-Rosette 1981:160; Burton 1961:58; Grévisse 1956-58,33:144).

64. Adherents.com: By Location Weeks, R. (ed.), Muslim peoples A World . luba, Zaire (Democratic Republic of Congo),, -, -, 1 Catholic, Protestant, African Christian, primal-indigenous, Islam. http://www.adherents.com/adhloc/Wh_365.html

Adherents.com - Religion by Location Over 42,000 religious geography and religion statistics citations (membership statistics for over 4,000 different religions, denominations, tribes, etc.) for every country in the world. To Index back to Zaire (Democratic Republic of Congo), African Traditional Religion Zaire (Democratic Republic of Congo), continued... Group Where Number of Adherents % of total pop. Number of congreg./ churches/ units Number of countries Year Source Quote/ Notes African Traditional Religion Zaire (Democratic Republic of Congo) *LINK* web page: "Geographical Distribution of Followers of ATR in African Nations "; (viewed 13 March 1999); Arranged by Chidi Denis Isizoh from the entries made in: Barret, D.B. World Christian Encylopedia . Nairobi (1982). Table: "Geographical Distribution of Adherents of African Traditional Religion in the Continent of Africa "; Projection, made circa 1982. Alar Zaire (Democratic Republic of Congo) country Haskins, J. From Afar to Zulu . New York: Walker Pub. (1995), pg. 191-7. Table: Add'l African Cultures Bambuti Zaire (Democratic Republic of Congo) country From Afar to Zulu: A Dictionary of African Cultures . New York: Walker Publishing Co. (1995), pg. 129, 132.

65. Adherents.com luba, Zaire (Democratic Republic of Congo), , -, -, 1 country, drawing on beliefsfrom indigenous practices and Mountains are the home of several tribal peoples http://www.adherents.com/Na_413.html

Adherents.com 42,669 adherent statistic citations : membership and geography data for 4,000+ religions, churches, tribes, etc. Index back to Local Church, North America Local Church, continued... Group Where Number of Adherents % of total pop. Number of congreg./ churches/ units Number of countries Year Source Quote/ Notes Local Church USA The Cult Experience: Responding to the New Religious Pluralism . New York: The Pilgrim Press (1984 [3rd printing; 1st printing 1982]); pg. 148. "The Local Church has congregations in most cities across North America, but they have kept a low profile. " Local Church world *LINK* Living Stream Ministry, A Table of the Churches in the Lord's Recovery (LSM: 1985) 6. This publication lists the individual Local Church fellowships worldwide as of April, 1985. Today Witness Lee leads this movement of approximately 130,000 Local Church world *LINK* web site: New Religious Movements (University of Virginia) (1998) Membership is estimated at 150,000. Lodge of Ur Europe *LINK* web site: "Lodge of Ur "; web page: "The Lodge of Ur " (viewed 2 April 1999). "The Lodge of UR is a body of initiates in the Ancient Tradition of European Magic and Sorcery. We hold our rights to a knowledge rooted in the Ancestral soul of the Romans. We claim to be the last heirs of an EXISTING and UNBROKEN chain of magicians and sorcerers which has been present in Italy at least since the meeting between the Roman Legions and the invading tribes of the Kelts... The Lodge of UR is currenty active in Italy and several European countries. With the last developments of communication, comparison and parallels arose with other traditions... "

66. Basic Facts - and political organization among those peoples who dwelt in the four largest tribesMongo, luba, Kongo (all 10%, other syncretic sects and indigenous beliefs 10 http://www.winne.com/drc/BF-People.htm

We had the chance and the privilege to share part of our lives with Congolese and we will never forget the values of simplicity and plainness of this people and, over all, their warm, open and bright smiles. HUMAN ORIGINS Equatorial Africa has been inhabited since at least the middle Stone Age. Late Stone Age cultures flourished in the southern savanna after ca. 10,000 B.C. and remained viable until the arrival of Bantu-speaking peoples during the first millennium B.C. Evidence suggests that these Stone Age populations lived in small groups, relying for subsistence on hunting and gathering. Some of these groups may have remained long enough in one vicinity to be considered permanent residents, but others moved, following game along the extensive river network and through the rainforest. The development of food-producing communities in Equatorial Africa is associated with the expansion of Bantu speaking peoples. In a long series of migrations beginning ca. 1,000 B.C. and lasting well into the mid-first millennium A.D., Bantu speakers dispersed from a point west of the Ubangi-congo River swamp across the forests and savannas of modern DRC. A northern group moved northeastward around the swamp and across the northern regions of DRC and settled in the forest zone. Meanwhile, other groups moved south and southwest, the former then migrating up the congo as well as into the inner part of the congo basin, while the southwestern Bantu speakers spread into modern Gabon, Congo, and lower DRC.

67. African States luba en Kuba. have relied upon the varieties of yams and cocoyams indigenous to West tosay relatively little about when and how farming peoples occupied the http://members.lycos.nl/africanartmosphere/States-publicatie1.htm

Verwarringen en andere problemen in de historie van Afrikaanse staten Professor James Giblin, Department of History, The University of Iowa Een discussie over de volgende Afrikaanse staten : De Yoruba en de staten van Ife en Oyo Benin Kingdom Asante ... Luba en Kuba Introductie Historici en archeaologen hebben veel geleerd over de ontwikkeling naar de behoefte van Afrikaanse staten. Ze kunnen nu met vertrouwen vertellen dat in meeste gevallen de Afrikanen staten ontwikkeld hebben in reactie op de lokale condities en mogelijkheden. Zelden zijn ideëen van aanwezige inmengingen uit afgelegen bronnen de aanleiding geweest om de formatie van een staat te laten groeien. Heden ten dage denken de historici echt niet meer aan het verhaal dat verspreid is over de invloeden van Egypte, Europa of Azië die naar de rest van Afrika zijn overgewaait. In plaats daarvan zien zij het verhaal waarin Afrikaanse mensen leven in een grote variëteit van locaties die hun politieke vaardigheden en kennis gebruiken om voor henzelf een gecentraliseerd systeem van regeringen op te bouwen. De Yoruba en de staten van Ife en Oyo De Yoruba-sprekende volken van Zuidwest Nigeria zijn erfgenamen van zowel een oud als een cultureel volle mensheid, en met een tragische historie. De Yoruba cultuur is bekend om haar kunstvaardige triomfen, aparte mondelingen literatuur, complexe behuizingen van goden, en stedelijke levensstijl. Toch is het ook een cultuur die miljoenen van haar mannen, vrouwen en kinderen naar Amerika verscheepte als slaven. Haar hoeveelheid en culturele verandering werd zo groot dat haar religies nog steeds aanwezig zijn in het moderne Brazilië en Cuba, en tegenwoordig ook in de steden van Oost Verenigde Staten van Amerika beleeft worden. Deze combinatie van culturele triomfen en menselijke tragedie vormen in de ervaring van de Yoruba tot één van de meest fascinerende onderwerpen van historische studies in Afrika.

68. Untitled Document working with both Afrikaner and indigenous African workers cultural, from ‘white’to ‘other’ peoples), and these William Burton writes of luba people in http://www.epcra.ch/papers/belgien/anderson.htm

back Christian Missionaries and ‘Heathen Natives’: The Cultural Ethics of Early Pentecostal Missionaries Paper presented at the 10 th EPCRA conference in Leuven , Belgium, by Allan Anderson Centre for Missiology and World Christianity University of Birmingham ‘Creative Chaos’ The first two decades of the Pentecostal movement were certainly giddy ones, marked by feverish and often sacrificial mission activities. By 1910, only four years after the commencement of the Azusa Street revival, Pentecostal missionaries from Europe and North America were reported in over fifty nations of the world. From its beginning, Pentecostalism was characterized by an emphasis on evangelistic outreach, and all Pentecostal missionary strategy placed evangelism at the top of its priorities. Evangelism meant to go out and reach the ‘lost’ for Christ in the power of the Holy Spirit. The Pentecostal revival resulted in a category of ordinary but ‘called’ people called ‘missionaries’ fanning out to every corner of the globe within a remarkably short space of time. Harvey Cox suggests that the rapid spread of the movement was because of its heady and spontaneous spirituality, ‘like the spread of a salubrious contagion’. It touched people emotionally, and its emphasis on experience was spread through testimony and personal contact. Faupel chronicles the fanning out of workers from Azusa Street, the role of Azusa Street as a magnet to which Christian leaders were drawn, the creation of new Pentecostal centres, and the spread to the nations of the world. In these various activities, a lack of central organization resulted in ‘creative chaos’.

69. Second Part Of Mukanda under the impact of the Barotse indigenous administration and The southern Lunda andrelated peoples, London Oxford the kings A history of the luba empire to http://ethnicity.bravepages.com/second.htm

by Wim van Binsbergen Mukanda, Part II homepage Mukanda overview page Mukanda Part I 7. Contested patrilineal succession around 1900: The Mukanda element In the case of the shift towards patrilineal succession, we are fortunate that the oral-historical data provide us with the details that allow us to perceive the specific, concrete political strategies through which such major changes in the socio-political structure tend to realize themselves. From the account in Likota lya Bankoya , Shamamano emerges as a great warrior and resourceful adventurer, and also as a usurper, who only under the protection of Lewanika managed to revive the Kahare name to which he was related not as a sister’s son, but only as a daughter’s son, i.e. outside the ordinary line of dynastic succession. A century of chief’s rule by members of Shamamano’s patri-segment, in a general context of the Lozi indigenous administration and the colonial and post-colonial state favouring patrilineal succession, has created such an image of self-evident legitimacy for the current Kahare line that oral traditions dwelling on the irregularity of Shamamano’s accession are completely suppressed at the Kahare court today. However, there is in Kahare’s area and among urban migrants hailing from there a noticeable undercurrent of traditions in which this legitimacy is challenged, and rival claims to the Kahare kingship are entertained. When Shamamano built his lukena in the same general area where his sons and grandson have since held the Kahare kingship, he did not enter a virgin territory, but one which for at least a century had been under Nkoya rule. Mwene Kabazi lived on the Njonjolo, at Litoya lya Mbuma. His younger sister, one of his successors, Mwene Manenga, had her

70. Congo, Democratic Republic Of The Introduction - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography from Libya and Egypt to South africa, ie, the in the fifteenth century, the indigenouspeoples had developed notably among the Kongo and luba peoples of the http://www.workmall.com/wfb2001/congo_democratic_republic_of_the/congo_democrati

HISTORY INDEX Country Ranks Introduction History ... [TOP] Congo, Democratic Republic of the Introduction http://workmall.com/wfb2001/congo_democratic_republic_of_the/congo_democratic_republic_of_the_history_introduction.html Source: The Library of Congress Country Studies < BACK TO HISTORY CONTENTS Figure 1. Administrative Divisions of Zaire, 1993 ZAIRE HAS LONG BEEN CONSIDERED SIGNIFICANT because of its location, its resources, its potential, and (perhaps paradoxically) because of its weakness. The country has been at the center of a number of crises over the years, most notably following independence, during the Congo crisis of the 1960s, when there was a threat of the Cold War spilling over and heating up in Central Africa. Again in the 1990s, Zaire is threatening to become a source of international instability. Zaire's importance is to some extent geopolitical. It borders on no fewer than nine other states. These countries range from Arab-dominated Sudan in the north, to Angola in the south. Hence, in defending its borders Zaire canand hasbecome entangled in political rivalries extending all the way from Libya and Egypt to South Africa, i.e., the length of the continent. During the 1990s, Zaire's borders with Angola and especially Rwanda have been international flash points. Indigenous developments laid the groundwork for what has become Zaire. Well before Europeans arrived in the fifteenth century, the indigenous peoples had developed iron-working and long-distance trade. Large states had emerged, notably among the Kongo and Luba peoples of the southern savannas. Artistic traditions that have become world renowned had begun, particularly in the areas of sculpture, weaving, and music.

71. Handthoughts Shows Expos Bead Museums Premier, indigenous, Ethnic http//www.uiowa.edu/~africart/toc/people/luba.html. andcommon language of the Yorubaspeaking peoples. http://www.handthoughts.com/favorite.html

72. Barbier-Mueller Museum (3) and Indonesia are forms not indigenous to these Traditional peoples themselves viewedtheir shields in a in fact, specially rare Songye/ luba shields carved http://sapir.ukc.ac.uk/PRM/prmroot/shieweap/bouclie3.html

Shields in the Barbier-Mueller Museum (3) Introduction Foreword to catalogue Review of form, function and contextualisation of shields Shield labels Form, function and contextual framework: Shields in the collection of the Barbier-Mueller Museum Shields were the most extensively utilized form of defensive weapons in the world. Principally used as bodily protection against missiles and as weapons with which to actively parry blows, bearers wielded shields just as effectively to launch offensive attacks, carry magico-religious protective medicines, and create visual noise to confuse or frighten the enemies. The Kalinga of Northern Philippines, for example, used multipronged shields to ambush their victims and pin them to the ground between the prongs in preparation for beheading. To aid with the owner's defense and offense, the Kenyah-Kayan of Borneo painted their shields on the obverse and reverse sides with elaborate double images of the aso -dragon, part of a complex series of soul-protecting measures that extended to traditional patterns on woven cloth, warriors' metal ornaments, and healers' charms. roromaraugi ... , for example, originally functioned as a parrying shield and was held along the pole shaft. The Trobriand

73. African Maps | Map Africa PRECOLONIAL METALWORKING IN africa A BIBLIOGRAPHY. MILLER T. MAGGS Originally compiled by Dr Tim Maggs and staff of the Natal Museum, Private Bag 9070, Pietermaritzburg 3200, South africa. http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/map.html

Topics Maps Search: Countries Topics Africa Guide Suggest a Site ... Africa Home See also: South African Maps Africa Action - Africa Regions Map Map, in Adobe PDF , of Africa's regions, bar graphs illustrating population, economy, trade, chart of African regional organizations. Africa Action is based in Washington, D.C. [KF] http://www.africapolicy.org/ Africa Data Dissemination Service The African Data Dissemination Service (ADDS) provides internet access to the data collected for the FEWS project. The U.S. Agency for International Development, Famine Early Warning System (FEWS) project lowers the "incidence of drought-induced famine by providing to decision makers, timely and accurate information regarding potential famine conditions." Has digital maps for many countries showing administrative boundaries, roads, climate, land use, elevation, hydrology, railroads, spatial analysis (population clusters), vegetation (Chad only). Has maps of rainfall estimates and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) maps, agricultural production statistics (used with AGMAN), rainfall data using RAINMAN, prices using PRICEMAN. [KF]

74. Congo (Zaire) Major peoples hunters and gatherers to centralized chiefdoms, from settled indigenousvillage communities The luba Empire was founded by NKongolo and Kalala http://www.uiowa.edu/~africart/toc/countries/Congo_(Zaire).html

revised 15 October 1998 Congo (Zaire) Information Map of Congo (Zaire) with the peoples discussed in "Art and Life in Africa" CD-ROM General Information for Congo (Zaire) Country: Congo (Zaire) Location: Central Africa Independence: June 30, 1960 Nationality: Congolese Capital City: Kinshasa Population: Important Cities: Kisingani, Lubumbashi, Kolwesi Head of State: Lawrence Kabila Area: 2,345,410 sq.km. Type of Government: Dictatorship, presumably undergoing transition to Representative Government Currency: 4.5 CF=1 USD Major peoples: Azande, Chokwe ,Songo, Kongo ,Kuba,Lunda,Bembe Religion: Roman Catholic 50%, Protestant 20%, Kimbanguist 10%, Muslim 10%, African 10% Climate: Equatorial Literacy: Official Language: French Principal Languages: Lingala, Azande, Chokwe, Kongo, Luba Major Exports: Copper, Cobalt, Diamonds, Crude Oil, Coffee Pre-Colonial History The precolonial past of Congo (Zaire) was complex. A diversity of social aggregates developed, ranging from small, autonomous groups of hunters and gatherers to centralized chiefdoms, from settled indigenous village communities to predominantly Muslim and Arab trading communities. Established in the late 1300s, the Kongo Kingdom expanded until the mid-17th century. The

75. Africans Art must consider both perspectives the indigenous as well the cultures of other peoplesonly by from a longstanding Western, imperialistic involvement in africa. http://www.webzinemaker.net/africans-art/index.php3?action=page&id_art=360

76. Hugh Tracey Recordings: Part 2 / RootsWorld Recording Review Katanga mine culture where peoples lived together who what is termed the greaterLubaLunda-Tshokwe As a historical reminder, indigenous resistance developed http://www.rootsworld.com/reviews/tracey2.shtml

KANYOK AND LUBA OTHER MUSICS FROM ZIMBABWE Southern Rhodesia (Ndau, Sena Tonga, Shona) 1948, '49, '51, '57, '58, '63 SOUTHERN AND CENTRAL MALAWI Nyasaland (Mang'anja, Cewa, Yao) 1950, '57, '58 NORTHERN AND CENTRAL MALAWI Nyasaland (Tonga, Tumbukwa, Cewa) 1950, '57, '58 All titles published by SWP Records, The Netherlands Hugh Tracey (1903–1977) is one of the pillars of the discipline that still limps under the title of "ethnomusicology." Tracey's contributions as a primary researcher and field recorder are standing the test of time. His "Sound of Africa" series issued 210 recordings, published by the International Library of African Music (ILAM), which he had founded. These CDs are reissued recordings selected from that series and offer a glimpse of what has until now been mostly available only in academic archives. Tracey's work began with the Shona of Zimbabwe but expanded far beyond that region of Africa. It was a remarkable time for Africa, as it shifted or prepared to shift from its history as colonized territories. In their own way, Tracey's recordings also document the history of recording machines used for remote fieldwork. Tracey's first, in the 1930s, involved a clockwork-powered machine that cut a groove in an aluminum disc. Not till much later did he attain stereo recording capability with a Nagra. His microphone technique was to seek out the sound he wanted, hand holding the microphone to capture a spontaneous field mix that comes through superbly on these recordings. Tracey, it seems, sought to capture and document a cross-section of society in the tribal villages, schools, workplaces and anywhere else he found music. That wasn't always the most proficient performer.

77. 1Up Info > Zaire > The Significance Of Ethnic Identification | Zaire Information to rid themselves of the offending groups, witness the authentic Katangans forcingLubaKasai out of Shaba and the resentment of indigenous peoples in Nord http://www.1upinfo.com/country-guide-study/zaire/zaire69.html

You are here 1Up Info Zaire History People ... News Search 1Up Info Zaire Zaire The Significance of Ethnic Identification Ethnic identity may best be understood as a construct useful to both groups and individuals. It may be built around group members' perceptions of shared descent, religion, language, origins, or other cultural features. What motivates members to create and maintain a common identity, however, is not shared culture but shared interests. Once created, ethnic groups have persisted not because of cultural conservatism but because their members share some common economic and political interests, thus creating an interest group capable of competing with other groups in the continuing struggle for power. The construction and destruction of ethnic identities has been an ongoing process. The name Ngala , for example, was used by early colonial authorities to describe an ethnic group that they imagined existed and lived upriver from the capital and spoke Lingala. The name Ngala figured prominently on early maps. The fact that Lingala was a lingua franca and that no group speaking Lingala as a mother tongue existed did not prevent colonial authorities from ascribing group characteristics to the fictional entity; they gave

78. Rhino Safaris to the language of one group of indigenous people in Cibinda Ilunga, son of the firstLuba king, Kalala The economic pursuits of Lunda peoples are dictated by http://www.rhino-safaris.com/people.htm

Botswana Buschmänner Mbukushu Tswana Namibia Herero Himba Owambo Zambia Lozi Lunda Buschmänner (San) - Namibia, Botswana. Das Word 'San' verwies urprünglich auf die Sprache eines im südlichen Afrika heimischen Volkes, deren gesamte Sprachgruppe als 'Khoisan' bezeichnet wurde und die auch Khoi-Khoi Dialekte umfaßte. Bald fiel der Ausdruck 'Buschmann' in Ungnade und die Europäer verwenden seither den Überbegriff 'San' für nicht negerartige Rassen des südlichen Afrikas. Heute leben etwa 40 000 Buschmänner auf dem Gebiet von Namibia. Nur ein kleiner Teil von ihnen lebt noch in der angestammten Weise als Jäger und Sammler. Schon in frühen Zeiten wurden die Buschmänner von anderen Völkern verachtet, gehaßt und verfolgt. Es wird heute von Wissenschaftlern angenommen, daß die Lebensweise der nomadischen Buschmänner seit etwa 20 000 Jahren unverändert geblieben ist. Die Buschmänner sind im heutigen Namibia und Botswana weitgehend ihrer natürlichen Lebensweise beraubt. Freie Jagd ist unzulässig und die Regierungen beider Länder bemühen sich die San mit allen Mitteln zur Seßhaftigkeit zu bewegen. Herero - Namibia, Botswana.

79. Eugene Hillman, CSSp - Good News For Every Nation - Via Maasai, Kikuyu, Nandi, Tem, Ganda, luba, Karimojong, Chagga A nation is an indigenoushuman group regarding ethnically and/or culturally, as peoples apart from http://www.sedos.org/english/Hillman_2.htm

80. Book Reviews the material culture of the native peoples of North fluctuating status of dogs inindigenous cultures of François Neyt studies luba bowl figures and discusses http://www.tribalarts.com/review/review_su98.html

Current Reviews Previous Reviews Summer 1998 TRIBAL ARTS HOME FORUM LETTERS CLASSIFIEDS ... GALLERIES Art and Heritage in West Africa By Barbara E. Frank. Published in English by the Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington and London, 1998. Hardcover; $45. T his impressive study approaches two crafts among the Mande peoples of West Africa. Here, pottery making is an exclusively female pursuit, while leatherworking is dominated by males. The author explores the two in depth, producing a valuable contribution to the scholarship of West African culture and, at the same time, demonstrating how craft technology in addition to artistic style is essential for reconstructing and comprehending the artistic heritage of a culturally complex region. In examining the roles of these craftspeople in the rise and fall of empires, the development of trans-Saharan trade networks, and the spread of Islam, the author brings into question the "one-tribe, one-style" interpretations that have dominated studies of West African art. back Native Paths: American Indian Art from the Collection of Charles and Valerie Diker Edited by Alan Wardwell.

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