61. The Resurgence Of Body Ornamentation And Augmentation A research paper by Mecca Shakoor, a student at UC Berkeley. Outlines the history and relates it Category Society Subcultures Urban Primitive Body Modification...... and manipulation are ancient practices among indigenous people internationally Africanpeoples practice other radical forms of The lobi women in Ghana and the http://www-mcnair.berkeley.edu/98journal/mshakoor/

The Resurgence of Body Ornamentation and Augmentation in Current Western Civilization Mecca Shakoor Introduction In contemporary Western society, people who alter their appearance in socially provocative ways are typically youths, and because youths are essentially the future of society it is potentially revelatory to examine why so many deliberately choose to separate themselves from the population at large. Does norm-defying ornamentation fulfill some psychological need unmet by contemporary society? Are certain forms of body ornamentation indicative of unhealthy, antisocial, or even evil influences as some detractors contend? If these fears or opinions have any basis in reality, should society as a whole fear the future? Most gracious and merciful Saviour, Jesus Christ, thou knowest how we be born, clothed and clogged with the grievous and heavy burden of the first man, who fell away unto fleshliness through disobedience. Vouchsafe, therefore I beseech thee, to strip me out of the old corrupt Adam, which being soaked in sin, transformeth himself into all incumbrances and diseases of the mind, that may lead away from Thee (Ashley, 1988, p. 203). Tattooing is widely practiced among the peoples of the South Pacific. In fact, the word tattoo comes from the Tahitian word

62. Home into the desert and the nomadic peoples frequently were in fact two placesthe Lobiarea in Negroes governed their communities through indigenous custom and http://www.marcusgarvey.com/state.htm

UNIA 1924 Convention Garvey Speaks The Liberia Project USA vs Marcus Garvey ... "Up From Slavery" The States of the Western and Central Sudan THE WORLD OF THE DESERT AND THE SAVANNAH Sign Our Guest Book Join Our Mailing List About webmaster Contact Us

63. Bibliography On African Traditional Religion , Scriptures of African peoples The Sacred utterances of -, Rituals and medicinesIndigenous healing in South Labouret H., Les tribus du rameau lobi. http://www.afrikaworld.net/afrel/atr_bibliography.htm

Updated: 17 October, 2002 Abbink J., "Ritual and Environment: The Mósit ceremony of the Ethiopian Me'en people," Journal of Religion in Africa , "Reading the entrails: analysis of an African divination discourse", Man Abimbola W., "The Place of African Traditional Religion in Contemporary Africa: The Yoruba Example" in Olupona, ed. Kingship, Religion and Rituals in a Nigerian community: a phenomenological study of Ondo Yoruba festivals . Stockholm,1991, 51-58. Abrahamsson H., The Origin of Death, Studies in African Mythology, Studia Ethnographica Upsaliensia III, Uppsala, 1951. Acheampong S.O., "Reconstructing the structure of Akan traditional religion," Mission Ackah C. A., Akan Ethics. A Study of the Moral Ideasand the Moral Behaviour of the Akan Tribes of Ghana, Accra, 1988. Achebe Chinua, "Chi in Igbo Cosmology", in In Morning Yet on creation day, N.Y., 1975. Achebe Chinwe, The World of the Ogbanje, Enugu, 1986. Adagala K., "Mother Nature, Patriarchal Cosmology & Gender" in Gilbert E.M., ed. Nairobi: Masaki Publishers.1992, 47-65.

64. Cote D'Ivoire (11/01) Religions indigenous 25%40%, Muslim 35%-40%, and east and center, including Lagoonpeoples of the Northern Mande (northwest), Senoufo/lobi (north center and http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2846.htm

[Print Friendly Version] Bureau of African Affairs November 2001 Background Note: Cote d'Ivoire PROFILE OFFICIAL NAME: Republic of Cote d'Ivoire Geography Area: 322,500 sq. km. (124,500 sq. mi.); slightly larger than New Mexico. Cities: Principal city Abidjan (economic capital, de facto political capital). Capital Yamoussoukro (official). Other cities Bouake, Daloa, Gagnoa, Korhogo, Man, San Pedro. Terrain: Forested, undulating, hilly in the west. Climate: Tropical. People Nationality: Noun and adjective Ivoirian(s). Population (2001 est.): 16,393,221, including immigrants. Population density is 51 persons per sq. km. (132 per sq. mi.). Foreign national population includes about 130,000 Lebanese, 20,000 French. Annual growth rate: 3.8%, with immigration. Ethnic groups: More than 60. Religions: Indigenous 25%-40%, Muslim 35%-40%, and Christian 20%-30%. Language: French (official); five principal language groups. Education: Years compulsory School is not compulsory at this time. Attendance Literacy Health: Infant mortality rate Life expectancy 46 years.

65. Worldstats: Providing Information About Our World! 0 Mossi over 40%, Gurunsi, Senufo, lobi, Bobo, Mande worldstats.org sqlreflection0indigenous beliefs 40 These peoples managed to preserve their unity and http://www.worldstats.org/world/burkina_faso.shtml

Home Countries Big Cities World ... Useful Links Burkina Faso Quick Overview: Geography: Location: Western Africa, north of Ghana Area: total: 274,200 sq km water: 400 sq km land: 273,800 sq km Land boundaries: total: 3,193 km border countries: Benin 306 km, Cote d'Ivoire 584 km, Ghana 549 km, Mali 1,000 km, Niger 628 km, Togo 126 km Elevation extremes: lowest point: Mouhoun (Black Volta) River 200 m highest point: Tena Kourou 749 m Geography - note: landlocked savanna cut by the three principal rivers of the Black, Red, and White Voltas People: Population: note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2002 est.) Population growth rate: 2.64% (2002 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 46.11 years female: 46.78 years (2002 est.)

66. Www.umsl.edu/services/govdocs/wofact92/wf930045.txt groups are Gurunsi, Senufo, lobi, Bobo, Mande, and Fulani Religions indigenousbeliefs about 65 Gendarmerie, National Police, peoples' Militia Manpower http://www.umsl.edu/services/govdocs/wofact92/wf930045.txt

67. Untitled compound of village chiefs and elders among the lobi. from the religion of the indigenouspeoples who were They sold many of the indigenous religious leaders http://www.hds.harvard.edu/cswr/imagbank/annc-ann.htm

IMAGE BANK: SLIDE SERIES 1057 - 1094 Jill Dubisch PILGRIMAGE IN MODERN GREECE: TO TINOS Introduction These slides depict the process of pilgrimage at the Orthodox Church of the Madonna of the Annunciation (Evangel'stra) on the Greek island of Tinos (Cyclades), one of Greece's foremost shrines. The church draws thousands of pilgrims each year, particularly on its two major holy days, the Day of the Annunciation (Evangelism—s) on March 25th (which is also Greek Independence Day) and the day of the Dormition (K'misis) on August 15th. History of the Church The church itself dates from the 1830's and was built after the discovery of a miracle working icon, which it now houses. This icon was discovered in a field near the island's port town following the vision of a local nun in which the Madonna (Panay'a) appeared to her and told her of a buried icon. When the icon was uncovered, in January 1823, it was found to depict the Annunciation. Reportedly it had originally been housed in a Byzantine church burned some centuries earlier by Saracen pirates. The icon is said to have been painted by St. Luke (a not uncommon attribution of famous icons throughout Greece). The icon soon acquired a reputation for miracle-working and pilgrims began to flock to Tinos to acquire the benefits of its powers. This pilgrimage has continued up to the present day. The Pilgrimage An important concept in pilgrimage is the idea of the t‡ma, or vow (pl. t‡mata). The term refers both to the vow itself and to the objects (usually small plaques depicting the nature of the vow) which are left at the church. (Such offerings are also called (afyer—mata.) The vow may involve simply going to the church and performing the usual devotions before the icon, a simple offering such as a large candle, larger offerings including expensive gifts or money given to the church, or some personal hardship such as ascending the road to the church on one's knees.

68. WebPulaaku/Histoire-Etat-Société/ Jean Suret-Canale/Social & Historical Signif leaving aside the ‘paleonigritic' lobi, Kabre, Tenda a frosty welcome (as did certainindigenous monarchs, for fierce resistance by African peoples and their http://www.pulaaku.net/defte/jsc/hist_essays/shsph_171819.html

webPulaaku Jean Suret-Canale The Social and Historical Significance of the Peul Hegemonies in the Seventeenth, Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries in Essays on African History: From the Slave Trade to Neocolonialism Preface by Basil Davidson Translated from the French by Christopher Hurst The Black African state in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries ; and the appearance of towns (Timbuktu, Djenne, the Hausa cities, the cities of Benin) with a notable development of commercial activity but not using money. (As money equivalents, cowries It was within this economic framework that the first great states of black Africa developed: Ghana (4th[?]-13th cent.), Mali (13th-15th cent.), the Songhai empire of Gao (15th-16th cent.), and the cities of Benin which appear to have reached their apogee in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. The African upswing was to be brought brutally to a halt, directly and indirectly, by the transformations which were affecting Western Europe. First there was the development of the trade in slaves destined for the American colonies, the role of which in the accumulation of capital in Western Europe is well known. Africa's destiny as a 'commercial reserve for the hunting of people with black skins' was not finally sealed till the end of the sixteenth century. The Portuguese, who had sighted the coast during the fifteenth century, had at first wanted to procure gold and spices, and with this in view had penetrated the continent very early; even at the end of the sixteenth century, some adventurers still hoped to create another Brazil in Africa

69. MAURITIUS Paris Félibien and lobi. forests for the formatior of sugar plantations, the indigenousflora is to European nations, if not to all other peoples, until the http://8.1911encyclopedia.org/M/MA/MAURITIUS.htm

document.write(""); MAURITIUS Maurice, who bad on the death of his elder brother Philip William. in February 1618, become prince of Orange,was now supreme in the state, but during the remainder of his life he sorely missed the wise counsels of the experienced Oldenbarneveldt. War broke out again in 1621, but success had ceased to accompany him on his campaigns. His health gave way, and he died, a prematurely aged man, at the Hague on the 4th of April 1625. He was buried by his father’s side at Dclft. BIBLIOGRAPHY.—!. Commelin, Wilhelm en Maurits v. Nassau, pr. v. Orangien, haer leven en bedrijf (Amsterdam, f651); G. Groan van Prinsterer, Archives ou correspondance de la maison d’OrangeNassau, I’ série, 9 vols. (Leiden, 1841—1861); G. Groen van Prinstarer, Maurice et Barneveldi (Utrecht, 1875); J. L. Motley, Life and Death of John of Barneveldt (2 vols., The Hague, 1894); C. M. Kemp, v.d. Maurits a. Nassau, prins a. Oranje in zijn leven en verdienden (4 vols., Rotterdam, 1843); M. 0. Nutting, The Days of Prince Maurice (Boston and Chicago, 1894). His festival is kept on the 15th of January. He founded the monastery of Glanfeuil or St Maur-sur-Loire.

70. UNITED NATIONS Les ruines du lobi ainsi présentées constituent aujourd historically by the Akanpeoples (Asantes, Akyems people turned to innovative indigenous beliefs with http://whc.unesco.org/events/gt-zimbabwe/Tentative Lists.htm

71. Baroda Bible Club lobilobiri lobi 175,500; Gouin 53,000; Turka 45,000; Doghosie Growth 8%. IndigenousMarginal 0.1 decisively challenged and broken in many peoples of Burkina http://www.barodabibleclub.org/prayer/daily/mar/17.html

March - 17 BURKINA FASO Population Peoples Over 72 distinct ethno-linguistic groups in four major language families. Gur-Voltaic (35 groups) Mossi-Gurma: Mossi 4,541,000; Gurma 533,000. The Mossi are the dominant people in Burkina Faso and comprise 52% of the population. Gurunsi: Dagaari 287,000; Lyele 225,000; Bwamu 193,000; Kurumba 151,000; Nuna 110,000; Birifor 108,000; Kassena 84,000; Buli 70,000; Gurenne (Frafra) 25,100; Ko 16,200; Puguli 13,200; Kusale 12,600; Sissala 9,000; Pana 7,200. Senufo (11 groups): Karaboro 64,000; Nanerge 41,500; Tusian 32,000; Tagba 28,000; Bolon 11,000; Tiefo 10,000; Vige 6,700; Wara 4,500. Lobi-Lobiri: Lobi 175,500; Gouin 53,000; Turka 45,000; Doghosie 14,400; Dyan 14,100; Komono 3,000; Kaanba 7,600. Mande peoples : 10.8%. Bissa 322,000; Samo 218,000; Bobo 203,000; Marka 158,000; Jula 30,000; Sambla 16,000; Samogho 10,000. Fula 10%; two groups.

72. University Of Wisconsin-Madison African Studies Program Features a wide variety of links devoted to the study and display of ancient and modern African art. http://polyglot.lss.wisc.edu/afrst/links.html

African Studies Program University of Wisconsin-Madison The ASP website has been redesigned and our links page has moved to: http://polyglot.lss.wisc.edu/afrst/links/ Please update your links. Your browser will be automatically redirected to our new page or click on the link above. Thank you.

73. Photography Of Africa Politics in africa, and examination on current african Wars. http://www.empereur.com/Africa/history/photo.html

Welcome to Africa Photography of Africa Contemporary Photographs Africa Focus: Sights and Sounds of a Continent "visual images and sounds of Africa contributed over the years to the African Studies Program of the University of Wisconsin-Madison ..." "more than 3000 slides, 500 photographs, and 50 hours of sound from forty-five different countries." Locate photos by topic, country, keyword. http://africafocus.library.wisc.edu/ AfricaGuide.com - Photo Library Photographs of People and Culture, Places and Scenery, and Wildlife. "donated by friends and family or taken by Vera Cheal." Site based in the U.K. http://www.africaguide.com/library.htm Africa - PBS / National Geographic / Thirteen/WNET NY Television Series, Sept. 9 - Oct. 28, 2001 Site for the TV series. Includes a Photoscope section of photo essays on AIDS, urban life (Cairo, Rwanda, gays, the internet, Congo, South Africa, Nigeria), conflict (Eritrea, Burundi, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Rwanda, Congo, Sudan), the environment, women. [KF] http://www.pbs.org/wnet/africa/photoscope/index.html African Aperture An online gallery with links to sites of quality photographers who focus on Africa. "Photography relating to environment, travel, culture and cultural diversity and humanity." Features artists such as Seydou Keita, Crispin Hughes (photos and article on the Southern Sudan liberation forces), Bernard Descamps and others. The Founder is Philip Cartland, a London based photographer. http://www.africanaperture.com/

74. WFU’S Museum Of Anthropology Opens Two New Exhibits On Mexico And Africa WFUS Museum of Anthropology opens two new exhibits on Mexico and africa http://www.wfu.edu/www-data/wfunews/2002/020402m.html

WFU News Service QuickFind . . . WFU Home WFU News Story Archives About WFU Source Guide Staff WFU in the News By Sarah S. Mansell February 4, 2002 A free, public reception for both exhibits will be held Feb. 24 from 3:30 p.m.- 4:30 p.m. at the museum. The museum is open from 10 a.m. - 4:30 p.m. Tuesday through Saturday. For more information on these exhibits, call 336-758-5282. Feedback

75. AllAfrica.com: Home Republishes current news stories and topical features from african newspapers and agencies. Maintains Category Regional africa News and Media...... Nigeria's and South africa's open backing for President Robert Mugabe could plungeZimbabwe deeper into crisis and, in the long run, spark violent opposition http://allafrica.com/

Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Comoros Congo-Brazzaville Congo-Kinshasa Côte d'Ivoire Djibouti Egypt Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea Bissau Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda Sao Tomé and Principé Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa Sudan Swaziland Tanzania Togo Tunisia Uganda Western Sahara Zambia Zimbabwe Congo-Kinshasa : UN Warns Ituri Massacre Perpetrators May Face International Court Sudan [analysis] : Problems And Progress With Civilian Protection ... View list. NIGERIA ELECTIONS Fuel Shortages Could Undermine Saturday's Poll Nigeria's Electoral Commission has warned that Saturday's National Assembly elections could be jeopardised by the fuel scarcity being experienced nationwide. Voters to Get Cards The replacement of temporary registration voters' slips issued by the Electoral Commission to eligible voters last September started Tuesday. The temporary slips were issued by INEC officials in lieu of permanent cards, not then available. Stop Involving Youth in Violence - Obasanjo President Olusegun Obasanjo has urged politicians to stop recruiting youth to carry out violent actions during the election campaign.

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z

Page 4     61-75 of 75    Back | 1  | 2  | 3  | 4