61. Lithuanian History in Baltic history last century, see CITY PAPER's 20th Century Timeline. 2000 BC lithuanianancestors settle along the Baltic coast. 1009 AD lithuania is first http://www.balticsww.com/tourist/lithuania/history.htm

Tourist Guide Lithuanian History A Brief Chronology Lithuanian Tourist Guide Vilnius: An Introduction Getting Oriented Arrival ... Dirt Cheap Map Lithuania Vilnius Nightclubs Rave/Dance Music ... Yellow Pages Other Lithuanian-related tourist articles: The Stalin World Theme Park Magical Curonion Spit Rave/Dance Music Zappamania in Lithuania ... Latvian Guide For a more detailed chronology, including comments from historians and journalists on different eras in Baltic history last century, see CITY PAPER's 20th Century Timeline. 2000 B.C. Lithuanian ancestors settle along the Baltic coast. 1009 A.D. Lithuania is first mentioned in chronicles. Lithuanians already have a reputation as fierce warriors. While much of Europe has already converted to Christianity, Lithuania is still pagan and will remain so for several hundred more years. Lithuanians believed fire embodies the divine. A sacred flame is kept at a Vilnius temple tended to by vestal virgins. If they break their vows of chastity or the flame goes out, the penalty is death. Lithuania is united by Mindaugas and later crowned king. Unification helps Lithuania fend off German crusaders.

62. Lithuania - City Guide - In Your Pocket Kaunas has always played a pivotal role in lithuania's history due to its strategiclocation in the centre of the country and on the banks of the Nemunas river http://www.inyourpocket.com/lithuania/en/review?id=38

63. Lithuania - City Guide - In Your Pocket history. lithuania through the Ages lithuania through the Ages The lithuanianstate arose and strengthened to counter the religious fervour of crusading http://www.inyourpocket.com/lithuania/en/category?cid=3036

64. Castles Of Lithuania - Voruta the Ðeimyniðkëliai hillfort became the most widely investigated hillfort of Lithuaniabecause of You’ll find here more information on the history of the http://www.lithuania.host.sk/pilys/voruta-en.htm

News of the project "Wooden Castle" CASTLES OF LITHUANIA The Castle of Voruta History of Voruta News Research reports ... Poetry The Castle of Voruta The castle of Voruta was one of the most important castles during the reign of the first and the only crowned King of Lithuania Mindaugas (1238–1263). Here Mindaugas defended himself in 1251, in time of the internal war. Later Voruta disappeared and its location became a matter of dispute among historians. The hillfort of Ðeimyniðkëliai near Anykðèiai (which was called Varutë Hill by the local people) is the most reliable site of the castle of Voruta. The archaeological investigations of the hillfort started in 1990 (chief – Gintautas Zabiela). In 1997 the mayor of the Anykðèiai region Saulius Nefas suggested an idea of building a wooden castle on the Ðeimyniðkëliai (Voruta) hillfort. It was supported by a large number of representatives of intelligentsia not only in Anykðèiai, but also in the whole of Lithuania. After long discussions with both the community and experts of cultural heritage protection, the construction of the castle on the entirely excavated hillfort was approved. On February 26, 1999, in the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Lithuania a declaration concerning the construction of the wooden castle was signed.

65. World Travel Guide - Lithuania - History & Government World Travel Guide lithuania - history Government - includesinformation on the constitution and politics. http://www.sftpwtg.com/data/ltu/ltu580.htm

Travel Information Contact Addresses General Information Passport/Visa Money ... Maps Regions and Cities Home World Europe Lithuania History and Government History: Present-day Lithuanians, along with Latvians and ancient Prussians, are descendants of the Balts, an Indo-European ethnic group that settled on the Baltic coast 4000 years ago. The name of Lithuania was first mentioned in the Quedlinburg Annals in 1009. Under Grand Duke Gediminas, who is recognised as the founder of Lithuania, and under the rule of Grand Duke Mindaugas, the territory was extended during the 14th century southwards to take in Minsk and later as far as the Black Sea. This power enabled Lithuania to withstand the advance of the Teutonic Knights and to reach, together with Poland, the decisive victory at the Zalgiris (Tannenberg) battle in 1410. At the Union of Lublin in 1569, a full-scale merger between Lithuania and Poland took place, but the next 150 years showed it was insufficient to protect Lithuania from the territorial ambitions of other regional powers. At the end of the 18th century, Poland was carved up and occupied in successive partitions. Russia took possession of Lithuania in 1795 and held on to it until the early 20th century. The Russians were driven out by the German army during World War I and, after the Bolshevik revolution brought an end to Russian involvement in World War I, the Lithuanian Council declared independence in February 1918. In 1921 Lithuania joined the League of Nations. Although the Lithuanians had settled their differences with the Russians, temporarily at least, the Poles continued to occupy Vilnius, the Lithuanian capital, in defiance of Allied demarcation which had awarded the city to the Lithuanians.

66. History Of Lithuania - Wikipedia Similar pages history of lithuania Wikipediahistory of lithuania. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Early history.The first lithuanians, or Liths, were a branch of an ancient http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania/History

Main Page Recent changes Edit this page Older versions Special pages Set my user preferences My watchlist Recently updated pages Upload image files Image list Registered users Site statistics Random article Orphaned articles Orphaned images Popular articles Most wanted articles Short articles Long articles Newly created articles Interlanguage links All pages by title Blocked IP addresses Maintenance page External book sources Printable version Talk Log in Help History of Lithuania (Redirected from Lithuania/History Early History The first Lithuanians , or Liths , were a branch of an ancient group known as the Balts , whose members also included the original Prussian and Latvian people. Unlike the Prussians and Latvians, the Lithuanians have successfully built a nation that has endured for most of the past few centuries. The first known reference to Lithuania as a nation ( Litua ) comes from the annals of the monastery of Quedlinburg dated February 14 In the early 13th century, a pair of German religious orders, the Teutonic Knights and the Livonian Brothers of the Sword , conquered much what is now Latvia and Estonia , in addition to parts of Lithuania. In response, a number of small Baltic tribal groups united under the rule of

67. Links To Lithuania And Lithuanian Paganism Two essays on Lithuanian folk beliefs and paganism, along with four folk tales.Category Society Folklore Fairy Tales World Tales European......Table of Contents. A short Biography of Me history. List of the Grand Dukes;Lecture on Lithuanian Paganism given at a Conference in February 1997; http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Delphi/3503/contents.html

Table of Contents A short Biography of Me History List of the Grand Dukes Lecture on Lithuanian Paganism given at a Conference in February 1997 Lecture on the Chthonic and Indo-European Elements, given in August 1998 Folktales Translation of Egle, Queen of Serpents Translation of a traditional Folktale, The Old Man and the Devil ... Read my Dreambook! Sign my Dreambook. Shortcuts: Main Page Send me comments

68. Library Of Congress / Federal Research Division / Country Studies / Area Handboo Introduction; Chapter 3. lithuania Country Profile Country; Geography; Society;Economy; Historical Setting Early history; Independence, 191840; The Soviet Republic; http://memory.loc.gov/frd/cs/lttoc.html

LITHUANIA - A Country Study Search Lithuania Include word variants Use only words as entered. Please note: The current Country Study was previously in a multi-country volume. Chapter numbers reflect those used in the printed book. This Table of Contents does not show the following chapter numbers because the chapters are in separate electronic files: Chapter 1. Estonia Chapter 2. Latvia Lithuania Foreword ... Glossary

69. Iron Crosses: Pre-Christian History And Beliefs A look at the history of the last pagan country of Europe, lithuania. The site includes translations of folktales, histories of the grand dukes and a collection of lectures on the ancient preChristian beliefs. http://www.geocities.com/~zemyna/

ithuania, on the shore of the Baltic Sea, has had a very intriguing role in European development, in various ways: militarily, economically, politically and religiously. It was the last country to accept Christianity, in 1387, as part of the marriage agreement between Grand Duke Jogaila and Jadwiga, Queen of Poland. The new faith lived in conjunction with the old nature-based beliefs; and well into the twentieth century in certain regions. odern Lithuanians are an unusual amalgam of Catholicism and a fierce pride in their pagan past. Many will proudly state that Grand Duke Jogaila and his cousin Grand Duke Vytautas the Great defeated the Crusading Teutonic Order. The language was nearly wiped out when it was under the auspices of the Russian Empire But it endured, and to this day Lithuanians are fiercely protective of both their language and of their culture. This website is dedicated to exploring the history, culture, folktales, and folk beliefs of this most colourful country. Table of Contents zemyna@geocities.com

70. History history OVERVIEW Nature has been generous to lithuania. Although thereare no mountains or great forests, the country's beauty lies http://www.baltic.ws/lithuania/history.html

HISTORY OVERVIEW Nature has been generous to Lithuania. Although there are no mountains or great forests, the country's beauty lies in the diversity of its landscape. This is a place of rolling hills and gentle plains; of quietly flowing rivers and of lakes which reflect the blueness of the sky. The largest river, the Nemunas, gathers and carries the waters of many tributaries to the Baltic Sea, wherein lies Lithuania's famous "amber coast". Called the Curonian Spit, it is a sixty mile-long bank of sand dunes and pine trees which stretches from the southwest to the seaport of Klaipëda and encloses the vast Curonian Lagoon. For centuries, amber, Lithuania's precious harvest of the sea, has been washed onto these golden sands. ONCE THE LARGEST EUROPEAN MEDIEVAL STATE Emergence of a Powerful Nation Union with Poland and Russian Annexation Independent Republic Relief from oppression came only with the collapse of the Tsarist Russian Empire at the end of World War I. On February 16th, 1918, a group of leading Lithuanian intellectuals gathered to sign Lithuania's declaration of independence. Over the following several years most of the world's prominent nations recognized the country's statehood and, in turn, Lithuania established diplomatic and economic relations with the world abroad. During Lithuania's 22 years of independence in between the world wars, Lithuania rapidly progressed in all spheres of her national life. But then disaster struck again in 1940. World War II

71. President Of The Republic Of Lithuania - Presidential Palace History The years of the history of the Palace can be counted since the issuance of theedict by Grand Duke Jogaila on 17 February 1387. After lithuania converted to http://www.president.lt/en/palacehistory.phtml

Lietuviðkai Presidential Activities Speeches and Statements Press Releases Visits Interviews ... State Awards The President Biography Office of the President Legal Framework Contacts Presidential Palace History Virtual Tour E-mail Presidential Palace History Photo by Dþoja Gunda Barysaitë The years of the history of the Palace can be counted since the issuance of the edict by Grand Duke Jogaila on 17 February 1387. After Lithuania converted to Christianity in 1387, Grand Duke Jogaila founded the Vilnius Diocese and donated to it a plot of land next to " Goshtautas' park on the edge of the city of Vilnius". It indicates that the land of the Bishop must have been included into the territory of the present Palace complex. The first Bishop of Vilnius, Andrius Vasila (1388-1398), built a palace that was decorated, rebuilt and expanded by its successive hosts. Documents on the Bishop Palace testify that in 1536-1555, during the days of Bishop Paulius Olshenishkis who was one of the most wealthy bishops, the Palace was the next most impressive edifice after the Royal Castle. In the 16th century, the Palace was surrounded by a huge park which surpassed even the renown in Central Europe parks of the Radziwills in plants and equipment. The last to live in the Palace was Bishop Masalskis (1730-1762). Upon his order the Palace complex was partially reconstructed by the Lithuanian architect Stuoka-Gucevichius.

72. FSU New Issues - Lithuania - History Of Post. history of Post. Date of issue 4th October 1997. To buy FSU stamps,Postal stationery and Postal history, please see Classified Ads. http://home.nestor.minsk.by/fsunews/lithuania/1997/lt651.htm

History of Post. Date of issue: 4th October 1997. Designer: H. Ratkevicius Paper: coated Printing process: offset Perforation: comb. 14 Size: 37 x 30 mm. Sheet composition: 50 (5 x 10) stamps Printing run: 500.000 Michel catalogue number: 651. 50 ñ. multicoloured. The letter of Grand Duke Gediminas (1323). To buy FSU stamps, Postal stationery and Postal History, please see Classified Ads This page is part of the FSU New Issues Catalogue , maintained by the Worldwide Society of Russian Philately

73. Travel Lithuania - Everything For Traveling To Lithuania! history in short. 1940 06 15 the Soviet army occupies lithuania. 1941 0614 - first mass deportations to Siberia. 1941-44 - German occupation. http://www.travellithuania.com/history/history.php

Travel Vilnius, Travel Klaipeda - Travel Lithuania ! History in short 1883 - publication in East Prussia of Ausra ("Dawn"), a journal which made a great impact on the rebirth of the nation 1918 02 16 - signing of the Act of Independence 1920 12 19 - first professional theatre performance 1920 12 31 - premiere of Verdi's "La traviata" - first professional opera performance 1922 - introduction of the national currency, the litas 1924 - first national song festival 1939 08 23 - signing of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, by which Germany and Russia divide spheres of influence in Europe Freedom Monument in the War Museum courtyard in Kaunas (sculptor Juozas Zikaras, 1925) 1940 06 15 - the Soviet army occupies Lithuania 1941 06 14 - first mass deportations to Siberia 1941-44 - German occupation 1944-90 - second Soviet occupation 1944-53- armed underground partisan resistance movement 1988 06 03 - formation of Sajudis, a reform movement mobilizing the nation against the occupation 1990 03 11 - declaration of the Act of the Restoration of the State of Lithuania 1991 01 13 - Soviet tanks attack an unarmed crowd defending the television tower, and kill 14 people. The army occupies Lithuanian Radio and Television

74. 1Up Travel > History And Culture Of Lithuania. lithuania Get to know the history and Culture of lithuania.The ancestors of themodern lithuanians were known as Balts and probably reached the area from the http://www.1uptravel.com/international/europe/lithuania/history-culture.html

Flags Maps Sightseeing Travel Warnings ... Travel Reservations and Bookings More Categories Introduction Topography Local Life Local Cuisine Local Holidays Festivals-Events Embassies Administration News Stand Worth a See !! Sight Seeing Maps Flags Shopping Eating Out Recreation Travel Essentials Country Facts Geography People Government Economy Communications Transportation Military Search 1Up Travel You are here 1Up Travel Countries of the World Europe Lithuania ADVERTISEMENT Country At a Glance Introduction Topography History-Culture Local Life ... Newstand Worth a Visit !! Cities Sight Seeing Maps Shopping ... Travel Links Country Facts Introduction Geography People Government ... Transnational issues Related Country Guide Detailed Maps Hotel Database Country Flag ... Travel Warning History The ancestors of the modern Lithuanians were known as Balts and probably reached the area from the south-east around 2000 BC. By the 12th century the Balt peoples were split into tribal groups, all practising nature religions. The two main groups in Lithuania were the Samogitians in the west and the Aukstaitiai in the east. In what is now south-west Lithuania and in neighbouring parts of Poland were the Yotvingians, also a Balt people, later to be assimilated by the Lithuanians and Poles. Acknowledgements: ASIATRAVELMART.COM

75. Litauen-Nytt Scandinavian magazine about lithuania with information about politics, culture, history, daily life, travel and the Internet. http://www.is.lt/litauen-nytt/INDEX.HTM

76. Centre Of History Of North Lithuania The Centre of history of North lithuania investigates prehistory of north middlelithuania, history of the Middle Ages and Modern history in the context of http://www.su.lt/en/epart600/humanit/centre_history.htm

Centre of History of North Lithuania Address: 38 P. Viðinskio St., Room 17, LT – 5400, Ðiauliai, tel.: 43 26 64. E-mail: sietynas@delfi.lt The Director: associate prof. Dr Rita Trimonienë. The centre was founded in 1998. The Main Trends of Scientific Researches: The Centre of History of North Lithuania investigates prehistory of north- middle Lithuania, history of the Middle Ages and Modern history in the context of all Baltic region, investigates and popularizes material and mental heritage of northern Lithuania, arranges scientific conferences and seminars, publishes scientific continuous edition and the researches of the scientific workers of the centre, and organizes scientific expeditions. Last updated June 24, 2001

77. A Short History Of Lithuania’s Seimas Elections Short Remarks about history of Seimas. Modern history of lithuania's Seimashas started just after re establishment of nation- state in 1918. http://vingis.sc-uni.ktu.lt/rinkimai/seimhist.htm

Short Remarks about History of Seimas Modern history of Lithuania's Seimas has started just after re- establishment of nation- state in 1918. On April 4th, 1919 State Council of Lithuania adopted Basic Laws of Temporary Constitution with a provision of fully democratic Seimas' elections. It was based on a proportional electoral system and voting for party lists. Nevertheless, initially counting of votes was based on d'Hondt formula, but later (in 1922) it was changed to Quota method. Lithuania's elections' law fully enfranchised all adult population of the country. The right to vote was granted to all citizens of 21 years old and over. The right to be elected to the Seimas was granted to citizens of 24 years old and over. In 1936 amendments to Elections' law changed age limits of voters. According to them only citizens of 24 years old and over were able to take part in the elections. A minimal age limit to be elected to Seimas was established for 30 years old citizens. The elections to Constituent Seimas were held on April 14-16th, 1920. A territory of Lithuania was divided into 10 electoral districts, but actual voting was held only in 7 electoral districts due to occupation of Vilnius region by Poland in 1919. Every member of parliament was supposed to represent approximately 15 thous. adult inhabitants of the country. The Constituent Seimas has had 112 members from 8 parties, ethnic minorities and independents. Procedure of parties' registration for elections required that their lists were supported , at least, by 50 voters in each electoral district. A voting turnout exceeded 90 per cent during elections of the Constituent Seimas.

78. Bank Of Lithuania Further readings on the history of the Bank of lithuania can be found inthe journal published by the Bank of lithuania “Monetary Studies”. http://www.lbank.lt/eng/about/history.html

General Information Monetary Policy Foreign Reserve Management Fiscal Agent Activity ... International Relations History Restoration of the Bank of Lithuania in 1990 and its Activities to the Present Bank of Lithuania in 1922–1940 Origins of Central Banking in Lithuania Key Dates in the Development of the Bank of Lithuania Restoration of the Bank of Lithuania in 1990 and its Activities to the Present The Bank of Lithuania, established in March 1990, has continued the traditions of the central bank operating in the period between two world wars. From 1990 to 1992, when Lithuania was still in the rouble zone, the Bank of Lithuania was not able to pursue an active monetary policy, and its main efforts were aimed at preparing for the introduction of the national currency. In 1992 the temporary currency, the talonas, was introduced, which allowed the Bank of Lithuania to perform the functions of an independent central bank. The litas was introduced in 1993, triple-digit inflation was curbed and the exchange rate of the litas was stabilised. Seeking relative price stability over a longer period, the Litas Credibility Law of 1994 pegged the litas to the US dollar at fixed exchange rate; pursuant to this Law, the litas is issued into circulation with a 100 per cent backing with gold and convertible currency reserves, and the main source of issue is the purchases of foreign exchange by the Bank of Lithuania.

79. Lithuania Link - A Brief History lithuania Link, Registered Charity 1091831.Home, A brief history of lithuania Link. http://www.lithuanialink.org/history.html

Lithuania Link Registered Charity 1091831 Home A brief history of Lithuania Link Zagare Projects Economic Development Funding ... Links Members Only Sisters Joy Hall and Suki Pay visit Lithuania in search of family roots. They meet Zivile Leveikiene, Zagare's English teacher, Mayor Petras Velykis and Isaacas Mendelsonas, the only surviving Jew in the area. Joy vows to contribute in some way to the once thriving community. Joy's slide show, the first of many illustrated talks by committee members, is watched by individuals who express interest; research on existing charities begins with a view to determining the best method of providing assistance to Zagare. Friendship Link (FL), a Cambridge based charity offers help. A committee is formed in Cumbria acting as a branch of FL. The committee begins fundraising, the first of many significant events, and publicising its activities, collecting goods to be sent as aid to Lithuania through FL. Over four tonnes of books, tools and clothes are collected. Contact is broken with FL due to unsatisfactory support and Lithuania Link is founded in Cumbria. A barbeque is held to raise funds; present includes members of the Lithuanian Embassy, London. Alex Gibb lives in Rokiskis, Lithuania for three months, teaching English.

80. Ministry Of Justicy Of The Republic Of Lithuania Other Chancellors of the GDL also have their place in the history of law contributionin the development and adoption of the 1529 Statute of lithuania, and in http://www.tm.lt/min/english/default.asp?load=iva_history.htm

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