1. LIBYA: OUR HOME Last Jews of Libya history of the Jewish community, online museum featuring day-to-day life, newsletter, and http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/dr_ibrahim_ighneiwa

Marhaba beekum. My name is Ibrahim Ighneiwa. I hope that this page provides some information about Libya, its people, its past, present and future. Send your comments to: dribrahim@earthlink.net Map of Libya Our culture in pictures Pictures (slide show) ... Libya: News and Views Locate 2612 Libyan town and cities on Libya's map Libya's Beautiful Capital: Information about Tripoli Information about Benghazi; a Beautiful Libyan City The Libyan Government Cabinet Members Embassies of Libya and Embassies in Libya Business in Libya contacts: NAJLABCA Visa Invitations for Libya Libya Business Directory [al-Daleel] Libyan Commercial Guide "al-Daleel al-Tijari al-Leebi" ... Alhamada International Trade Bureau Investing in Libya : LibyanInvestment.Com In Libya, the religion is Islam History: Libya: The Italian Occupation and the Libyan Resistance Libya: Pictures of the Italian Occupation Libya: A Libyan Hero: Omar al-Mukhtar [1862-1931] - Part I Libya: A Libyan Hero: Omar al-Mukhtar [1862-1931] - Part II Libya: The Secret Proceedings of the Italians' Trial of Omar al-Mukhtar Libya: 24 December, 2001; The 50th Anniversary Of Libya's Independence

2. MapZones.com : Libya Libya Culture. libya history. Libya Economy. Libya Currency http://atlas.freegk.com/world/africa/libya/libya.php

Country Info Libya Introduction Libya General Data Libya Maps Libya Culture ... Libya Time and Date Libya Introduction Back to Top Libya, in full, Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriyah, nation of northern Africa, comprising the former Italian colonies of Tripolitania, Cyrenaica, and Fezzan. It is bordered to the north by the Mediterranean Sea, to the east by Egypt, to the south-east by the Sudan, to the south by Chad and Niger, to the west by Algeria, and to the north-west by Tunisia. The area of Libya, one of the largest countries in Africa, is 1,759,540 sq km (679,362 sq mi). The capital city is Tripoli. Official Name- The Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Capital City- Tripoli Population- 4,994,000 Languages- Arabic, English, Italian, others Official Currency- Libyan Dinar Religions- Muslim, others Land Area- 1,759,540 sq km (679,358 sq miles) Home World Countries Privacy About Us ... info@mapzones.com

3. Libya: History Of Its Flag And National Anthem Flags used during different periods in the nation's history.Category Reference Flags Regional Libya......libya history of its Flag and National Anthem. When Libya achievedits independance in December 24, 1951 , it used the official http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/dr_ibrahim_ighneiwa/flags.htm

Libya: History of its Flag and National Anthem When Libya achieved its independance in December 24, 1951 , it used the official name: Al-Mamlaka Al-Libiya Al-Motahidda (The United Kingdom of Libya) a federal system composed of three states: Tripolitania (Tarablus) with its capital Tripoli, Cerinaica (Barka) with its capital Benghazi and Fezzan (Fazzan) with its capital Sabha. The federal government was lead by King Mohammad (Idris) As-Sanousi. During King Idris government Libya had two capitals Tripoli and Benghazi and at one point Al-Baida was the capital. In October 7, 1963 the three Libyan states became one Nation (Libya) and the Libyan official name was changed to: Al-Mamlaka Al-Libiya (The Kingdom of Libya) but still with two capitals Tripoli and Benghazi. From December 24, 1951 till September 1, 1969 the flag on the right was used as the national flag of Libya. In September 1, 1969 (the day of the Libyan revolution) the official name of Libya was changed to: Al-Jamhooriya Al-Arabiya Al-Libiyah (The Libyan Arab Republic.) lead by the Revolutionary Command Council (Majlis Kyiadat Ath-thawra) which was headed by Moaamar Abou-Minyar Al-Qadhafi. From September 1, 1969 till 1970 [when Libya joined the Union of the Arab Republics or Ittihad al-Jomhoriyat al-Arabiya,] the flag on the right was the national flag of Libya. When Libya joined the Union of the Arab Republics [Ittihad al-Jomhoriyat al-Arabiya] the flag of the Union of the Arab Republics [shown on the right] became the official Libyan flag till 11 November 1977 when Libya adopted its own flag.

4. Libya History History of Libya. Click here to visit our sponsor. http://www.countryreports.org/history/libyhist.htm

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5. About Libya Libya. Libya Economy. Libya Defense. Libya Geography.Libya Government. libya history. Libya People. http://www.countryreports.org/libya.htm

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6. Libya: History libya history. INTRODUCTION 1. Political situation 2. Economy 3.Health Education 4. Religions Peoples 5. History, The oldest http://i-cias.com/e.o/libya_5.htm

READER ADS: Marrakech at Houston PUT YOUR AD HERE - FREE ... Click to open Encyclopaedia of the Orient on its front page Libya: History INTRODUCTION Political situation Economy History The oldest accounts of Libya are connected to Phoenician colonies established in first half of the last millennium BC. 6th century BCE: Phoenician ports of Libya are conquered by Carthage 5th century BCE: Rise of the Garamantian Empire in today's Fezzan 107 BCE: Northwestern Libya is conquered by Rome, and comes under administration of Africa Proconsularis which has its administrative centre around Carthage. The region becomes later a province of its own, under the name of Tripolitania. 74 BCE: Cyrenaica is conquered by Rome. Further Roman advances south is halted by the Garamantians. The region is later named Libya, where today's northeastern Libya is called Libya Superior, while today's northwestern Egypt is called Libya Inferior. 455 CE: Vandals take possession of Libya. Amr Ibnu l-As conquers northeastern Libya, known as Barka, and the region becomes part of the new Muslim Empire governed from Madina in today's Saudi Arabia Tripolitania is conquered by the Arabs Tripolitania and Cyrenaica is conquered by the Normans of Sicily.

7. MapZones.com History Gabon History Gambia History Ghana History Guinea History GuineaBissau History KenyaHistory Lesotho History Liberia History libya history Madagascar History http://www.mapzones.com/history.php

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8. Lonely Planet World Guide | Destination Libya | History libya history. The Romans invaded Tripolitania (the region around Tripoli) in106 BC, and by 64 BC, Julius Caesar's legions had completed the occupation. http://www.lonelyplanet.com/destinations/africa/libya/history.htm

home search help worldguide ... Related Weblinks Libya History The Romans invaded Tripolitania (the region around Tripoli) in 106 BC, and by 64 BC, Julius Caesar's legions had completed the occupation. As a Roman province, Libya was prosperous, reaching a golden age in the 2nd century AD. The three principal Roman cities of Sabratha, Oea and Leptis Magna provided the empire with grain, oil and a supply of slaves and exotic goods from sub-Saharan Africa. The decline of the Roman Empire saw the classical cities fall into ruin, a process hastened by the Vandals' destructive sweep though northern Africa in the 5th century AD. When the Byzantines took over in the 6th century, efforts were made to strengthen the old cities, but it was only a last gasp before they collapsed into disuse. Only Oea, which survives today as Tripoli, the nation's capital, remains a living city. The Arab invasion of the 7th century brought Islam to the country, where it remains firmly entrenched to this day. Arab rule was culturally fruitful, and many examples of early Islamic architecture remain, especially in the oases of the south. The Arabs ruled Libya until the Turks conquered the country in the mid-16th century, administrating it through a succession of locally appointed rulers who levied a toll on every Christian fleet using the Mediterranean. Following the Napoleonic wars, European powers began to colonise northern Africa, and the Turks hastened to strengthen their control of Libya. Their last North African possession, Libya was taken from the Turks by Italy in that country's last-minute bid for colonies in Africa. The ensuing colonial period proved devastating for native Libyans, as the large-scale 'Italianisation' of the country saw half of the indigenous population either exiled or exterminated between 1911 and the end of WWII. The crowning insult was being reduced to a theatre of war in which huge minefields were laid, some of which remain.

9. Libya: History History. History through the Nineteenth Century. Throughout most of its historythe territory that constitutes modern Libya has been held by foreign powers. http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/world/A0859277.html

Celebs, Models ,Movie Stars... Magazines From Around the World! Ladies..Never pay retail again! Facial care packs and Cosmetics at lowest prices ! All Infoplease All Almanacs General Entertainment Sports Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Infoplease Home Almanacs Atlas Dictionary ... Fact Monster Kids' reference Info:Daily Fun facts Homework Center Newsletter You've got info! Help Site Map Visit related sites from: Family Education Network Encyclopedia Libya History History through the Nineteenth Century Throughout most of its history the territory that constitutes modern Libya has been held by foreign powers. Tripolitania and Cyrenaica had divergent histories for most of the period up to their conquest by the Ottoman Empire in the mid-16th cent. Fazzan In 1711 Ahmad Karamanli, a Janissary, became dey, killed the Ottoman governor, and prevailed upon the Ottomans to name him governor. The post of governor remained hereditary in the Karamanli family until 1835. In the 18th cent. and during the Napoleonic Wars, the dey took in great revenues from the pirates and also extended the central government's control to much of the interior. Tripolitan War ). After 1815, England, France, and the kingdom of the Two Sicilies undertook a successful campaign against the pirates, which undermined the finances of the dey and thus facilitated the reestablishment of direct Ottoman rule in Tripoli in 1835. During the rest of the 19th cent., the Ottomans contributed little toward the political stability or the economic development of Tripoli. Beginning in the 1840s the

10. Libya History LIBYA. Libya's origins go back to the misty early eras of history. Theconquerors of the coastal region included Phoenicians, Carthaginians http://www.nationbynation.com/Libya/History1.html

BACK TO THE FRONT PAGE BASIC INFO. GEOGRAPHY GOVERNMENT BACK TO THE FRONT PAGE BASIC INFO. GEOGRAPHY GOVERNMENT ... LIBYA Libya's origins go back to the misty early eras of history. The conquerors of the coastal region included Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Berbers, Romans and Vandals until in the 4th century, the Byzantines claimed the coast. Nomadic tribes in the interior of the country were untouched by the coastal maneuvering. Early on (the 7th and 8th centuries) Islam came to Libya and in the beginning of the 16th century, the Ottomans arrived via their victory over Egypt. The Italians claimed Libya in 1911 but the country was unhappy under Italian control, mounting local resistance to the Italians. During World War II, the British ousted Italian and German forces from Libya (1943), opening the door for King Idris to return in 1944. Though a part of the country was placed under a British protectorate, a smaller portion was given to the French to administer. Independence was achieved in 1951. A mere 8 years later, oil was discovered and Libya went from poverty to great wealth seemingly overnight. In 1969, Muammar al-Qaddafi a colonel in the military, led a coup against the monarchy and established the Libyan Arab Republic. Quickly, nationalization of foreign assets was declared, foreign troops were expelled, foreign cultural centers closed down and Qaddafi claimed absolute powers. The country became a fervent backer of terrorist groups from radical Palestinian entities to European groups. In 1981, US planes shot down attacking Libyan fighters during naval exercises in the Gulf of Sidra, which the world views as international waters and Libya claims as its own. Five years later, sanctions were placed on Libya by the US, and the US government ordered all citizens to leave Libya. Libyan assets were frozen in institutions throughout the US. Libya continued to sponsor terror in Europe and, it is widely believed, sponsored the downing of a Pan Am flight in December 1988. Relations with the US have remained hostile and the US continues to officially cite Libya as a supporter of international terrorism.

11. Libya: History Of Its Flag And National Anthem libya history of its Flag and National Anthem. Please click on the followinglink to continue http//ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages http://home.earthlink.net/~dribrahim/flagse.htm

Libya: History of its Flag and National Anthem Please click on the following link to continue: http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/dr_ibrahim_ighneiwa/flags.htm To send me comments, please: click here Back to: Libya: Our Home

12. Libya History At HistoryBooks.biz libya history Shop online and save on a huge selection of Libyan HistoryBooks at HistoryBooks.biz. libya history. Libya Since Independence http://www.historybooks.biz/Africa/Libya.htm

Africa Americas Ancient Asia ... Military History Books Home Africa Algeria Angola ... Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Morocco Mozambique ... Military Libya History Libya Since Independence : Oil and State-Building by Dirk Vandewalle (Paperback July 1998) History of the Middle E) by Ali Abdullatif Ahmida (Paperback August 2000) Libya : The Lost Cities of the Roman Empire by Antonio Di Vita, et al (Hardcover February 1999) Libya's Qaddafi : The Politics of Contradiction by Mansour O. El-Kikhia (Paperback February 1998) Qaddafi's Libya, 1969-1994 by Dirk Vandewalle (Editor) (Hardcover October 1995) The Making of a Pariah State: The Adventurist Politics of Muammar Qaddafi by Martin Sicker (Hardcover April 1987) Libya : The Political Economy of Oil (Political Economy of Oil-Exporting Countries, 4) by Judith Gurney (Hardcover November 1996) Jewish Life in Muslim Libya : Rivals and Relatives by Harvey E. Goldberg (Paperback July 1990) The Bedouin of Cyrenaica : Studies in Personal and Corporate Power (Cambridge Studies in Social and Cultural Anthropology, 72) by Emrys L. Peters, et al (Hardcover March 1991) With Rommel's Army in Libya by Almasy, et al

13. Libya History - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Cur libya history Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, CurrentIssues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics, Political http://www.workmall.com/wfb2001/libya/libya_history_index.html

Country Ranks Introduction History Geography People Government Gov. Leaders ... [TOP] Libya History Index http://workmall.com/wfb2001/libya/libya_history_index.html Source: The Library of Congress Country Studies History Introduction Historical Setting EARLY HISTORY Tripolitania and the Phoenicians ... Relations with the United States and Western Europe NOTE: The information regarding Libya on this page is re-published from The Library of Congress Country Studies. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of Libya History information contained here. All suggestions for corrections of any errors about Libya History should be addressed to the Library of Congress. Please put this page in your BOOKMARKS - - - - - Enter your e-mail address to receive e-mail when this web site is updated. Your Internet e-mail address: http://workmall.com/wfb2001/libya/libya_history_index.html Revised 04-Jul-02 Photius Coutsoukis

14. Africast.com - Libya History The first inhabitants of Libya were Berber tribes. Italy formally unitedTripolitania and Cyrenaica in 1934 as the colony of Libya. http://www.africast.com/country_history.php?strCountry=Libya

15. Libya: History And Culture libya history and Culture http://library.louisville.edu/government/international/libya/libyahistory.html

Libya: History and Culture Libyan History (in Libya - A Country Study) Operation El Dorando Canyon, March 1986 (Military Analysis Network, FAS) Other Related Information: History Other Related Information: Libya ... Back to International Information Comments to Barbara Whitener, GovPubs Webmaster URL:http://library.louisville.edu/ekstrom/govpubs/international/libya/libyahistory.html

16. Libya: History: Mu'arrikh Leebi Libya News and Views LibyaNet.Com Libyan music Libya Our Home Monday, 30 December,2002 Libya News and Views LibyaNet.Com Libyan music Libya Our Home http://www.libya1.com/history/ml/ml30122a.htm

Libya: News and Views LibyaNet.Com Libyan music Libya: Our Home Monday, 30 December, 2002 Libya: News and Views LibyaNet.Com Libyan music Libya: Our Home

17. Libya: History: Mu'arrikh Leebi Libya News and Views LibyaNet.Com Libyan music Libya Our Home Saturday, 4 January,2003 Libya News and Views LibyaNet.Com Libyan music Libya Our Home http://www.libya1.com/history/ml/ml04013a.htm

Libya: News and Views LibyaNet.Com Libyan music Libya: Our Home Saturday, 4 January, 2003 Libya: News and Views LibyaNet.Com Libyan music Libya: Our Home

18. Chronik Translate this page Libyen-News.de - Ihre Website zum Thema Libyen mit aktuellenNews Letzte Aktualisierung am 15. Februar 2003. Chronik. http://www.libyen-news.de/chronik.htm

Chronik Home LN Intern Spezial [ Chronik ] Land und Leute - Religion - Sport Wirtschaft Tourismus Militär ... Links Die Geschichte Libyens mit vielen Zusatzinformationen in den Chronik-Abschnitten Amazon.de - Aktuelle Buchtipps Im Sattel durch Nord- und Zentralafrika... Die orientalische Stadt im islamischen Vorderasien udn Nordafrika vor 1951 2000 - heute Kolonie Königreich Arab. Republik Volks-Jamahiria Volks-Jamahiria Volks-Jamahiria © BY LIBYEN-NEWS.DE - Online seit 15. Juni 2001

19. Libya: History Click to go to text menu. You are here History, Libya. The SocialistPeople’s Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (known as Libya) has always http://gbgm-umc.org/country_profiles/country_history.cfm?Id=71

20. Libya History Matt’s History Page on Libya. Libya is located in Northern Africa,bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt and Tunisia. http://207.177.123.1/00_01/AF/Lib/lib_his.htm

Libya is located in Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt and Tunisia. The people here speak the languages of English, Arabic, and Italian. All of these languages are spoken all over the country and very well understood. The very first people to come to Libya were the Berbers. They were estimated to have come to Libya in about the seventh century B.C. Later Libya became a Roman Empire in about 46 B.C. 10 Events or Holidays 1-Friday is the official day of rest. 2-March 2nd: Declaration of the People's Authority 3-June 11th: Evacuation of foreign military bases 4-September 1st: Anniversary of the Revolution of 1969 5-New Years Day: 1 January 6-Labor Day: 1 May 7-Independence Day: 5 July 8- Ramadan (1416/1996): 21 January 9- Mawlid An-Nabi (Prophet Muhammad's birthday): 29 July 10-Commemoration Day: 19 June Bibliography Geography and Climate Page Culture Page Basic Facts Page ... Introductory Page Created By: Matt Return back to Countries of Africa page.

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