21. Lebanon-History Emirates Yemen. LebanonHistory. Home Up. History, city. lebanon history- covering early history, the Ottoman period, and modern times. Bashir http://www.arabinfoseek.com/lebanon-history.htm

General Info Art Culture Arab Diaspora ... Yemen Lebanon-History Home Up History Urban Archaeology in Beirut - details excavations and archaeological findings in the city. Lebanon History - covering early history, the Ottoman period, and modern times. Bashir Gemayel Foundation - reveals the ideas, missions, and life of the former Lebanese president elect. Gemayel, Bashir - biographical and contextual information on the Lebanese politician. 700 Year-Old Maronite Mummies - about the discovery of mummies in Lebanon's Qadischa Valley. Chammas Family Association - looking for all Chammases in Lebanon and abroad, and all variations: Shammas, Shamas, el/al Shammas, and el/al Chammas. Urban Archaeology in Beirut - details excavations and archaeological findings in the city. Home Lebanese Cities Lebanon-Education Lebanon-Entertainment ... Lebanon-Health Lebanon-History Lebanon-Law Lebanon-News Lebanon-Sports Contact us: info@arabinfoseek.com NEW YORK, NY

22. ALMISBAH: Regions, Nations And Peoples: Particular Regions: Arabic East: Lebanon ALMISBAH Regions, Nations and Peoples Particular Regions Arabic Eastlebanon history, Politics (WWW), 1. The Culture of Sectarianism http://ssgdoc.bibliothek.uni-halle.de/vlib/ssgfi/subject/almisbah_ssg0302020403_

ALMISBAH: Regions, Nations and Peoples: Particular Regions: Arabic East: Lebanon: History, Politics (WWW) 1. The Culture of Sectarianism : Community, History, and Violence in Nineteenth-Century Ottoman Lebanon Source Type Single Articles / Books URL http://www.ucpress.edu/books/pages/8436.html Keywords online publications; Lebanon; Turkey; history; politics; religion; 19th century DETAILS Contents Clarity Index Links 2. Electionworld : Elections around the world Source Type Virtual Libraries, Internet Directories and Link Lists URL http://www.electionworld.org/ Keywords politics; elections; political parties; directories; Afghanistan; Saudi Arabia; Kuwait; Qatar; United Arab Emirates; Oman; Bahrain; Iraq; Syria; Lebanon; Jordan; Mauritania; Algeria; Libya; Egypt; Sudan; Cyprus; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Djibouti; Somalia; Iran; Tajikistan; Turkey; Armenia; Georgia; Azerbaijan; Uzbekistan; Turkmenistan; Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan DETAILS Contents Clarity Index Links 3. Hizbollah Source Type Organizations and Societies URL http://www.hizbollah.org/

23. Lebanon History The Phoenicians. The area now known as Lebanon first appeared in recorded historyaround 3000 BC as a group of coastal cities and a heavily forested hinterland. http://sogetour.com/lebanonguide/history.htm

Home Page Contact us About us Corporate ... Links History The People The Phoenicians Assyrian Rule Babylonian Rule and the Persian Empire ... Post Civil War The People Although the modern state of Lebanon is a creation of the twentieth century, the people of Lebanon have had a long and distinctive history. The coastal plain was the home of Phoenician merchants whose ships sailed throughout the Mediterranean world more than a millennium before Christ. While the Lebanese of today have only an indirect connection with the ancient Phoenicians, many Lebanese who wish to emphasize their uniqueness as a people reach back to the past and stress their "Phoenician heritage." The Phoenicians The area now known as Lebanon first appeared in recorded history around 3000 B.C. as a group of coastal cities and a heavily forested hinterland. It was inhabited by the Canaanites, a Semitic people, whom the Greeks called "Phoenicians" because of the purple (phoinikies) dye they sold. These early inhabitants referred to themselves as "men of Sidon" or the like, according to their city of origin, and called the country "Lebanon." Because of the nature of the country and its location, the Phoenicians turned to the sea, where they engaged in trade and navigation.

24. Lebanon History lebanon history Last updated in June 2002 1st and 2nd millennium BC. Territoryof presentday Lebanon under the sway of powers such as Egypt and Babylon. http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/www/en/laenderinfos/laender/laender_ausgabe_html?

25. Lebanese Links, Lebanon History, Maronite Rite http://www.saintmaron-clev.org/leb_links.htm

26. Lebanon History Lebanon Art - History - Hizbollah soldiers - Islam - Israeli crimes -Israeli destructions. Country - Lebanon people - Occuped territories. http://alfatihoun.edaama.org/Fichiers/Liban/Histoire/web/Lebanon history.htm

shown='n'; st='img'; Lebanon Art - History - Hizbollah soldiers Islam I sraeli crimes ... Occuped territories

27. World History Archives: History Of Lebanon History of Lebanon. Hartford Web Publishing (Haines Brown) is notthe author of the documents in World History Archives and does http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/51/index-g.html

History of Lebanon Hartford Web Publishing (Haines Brown) is not the author of the documents in World History Archives and does not presume to validate their accuracy or authenticity. History of West Asia in general General and political history Myth and realities: Lebanon By Dr. Maher Hathout, Sr. 23 April, 1996. The lies perpetuated by the media controlled by rich. Times blames victim in Lebanon By Ronald Bleier, 3 May, 1996. Response to front page story on the Israeli air, artillery and naval barrage against Southern Lebanon (U.S. and Israel Await Answer from Syrians," 4/18/96) In Lebanon and at home: Hard-line Israeli policies run into stiff resistance By Joyce Chediac, in Workers World, 18 September, 1997. Labor ICFTU condemns government interference in trade union elections From ICFTU OnLine, 15 April, 1997. Lebanese Unions Launch Legal Challenge for their Rights From ICFTU OnLine, 21 May, 1997.

28. BEIRUT LEBANON HISTORY (in MARION) BEIRUT lebanon history. Records 1 to 2 of 2. Frank, Benis M. US Marinesin Lebanon, 19821984 / by Benis M. Frank. Washington, DC http://vax.vmi.edu/MARION?S=BEIRUT LEBANON HISTORY

29. History Of Lebanon History of Lebanon. Old cause. It is these activities that earned Lebanonits place in history as “the heartbeat of the Revolution.”. http://www.lebanonct.org/history_lebanon.html

Our Town History of Lebanon Historic Sites Visitor Services ... Home History of Lebanon Old farm houses line the highways leading to Lebanon in eastern Connecticut between Norwich and Willimantic, where the town center resembles many picturesque New England villages with a library, church and town hall clustered on the green. But the Lebanon green is like no other green in the state or in all of New England. A mile in length and with a major portion still in agricultural use, the Lebanon green is unique because of its size, its preservation as an example of an early town settlement, and its association with great events in the American Revolution. Civic and farming activities have co-existed on the green since the first settlers arrived in the late 1690s. These traditional uses of the green have kept it a vast, open space that has endured throughout the town’s 300-year history. Around the green are some of the most important buildings connected with Connecticut’s role in the Revolution when the town was the home of the war governor and the focal point of the state’s contributions to the patriot cause. It is these activities that earned Lebanon its place in history as “the heartbeat of the Revolution.” From the raising of a Liberty Pole by local Sons of Liberty during the Stamp Act crisis to the outbreak of the war, the free men of Lebanon were active protestors against British policies. During the Revolution, at least 677 Lebanon men served in the American units, from the Battle of Bunker Hill to the end of the campaigns in 1782. This represents more than 50 percent of the adult population.

30. Lorreihe Copeland Mousterian Site Of Ras El-Kelb Lebanon History (Ancient) Lorreihe Copeland Mousterian Site of Ras ElKelb lebanon history (Ancient).Subject History (Ancient) Title Mousterian Site of Ras El-Kelb Lebanon http://www.poemcity.co.uk/Lorreihe-Copeland-Mousterian-Site-of-Ras-El-0860549399

Lorreihe Copeland Mousterian Site of Ras El-Kelb Lebanon History (Ancient) Subject: History (Ancient) Title: Mousterian Site of Ras El-Kelb Lebanon Author: Lorreihe Copeland Beatrice Webb Diary: 1924-43 -... Catherine W Reilly Scars Upon ... Barbara Comyns Touch of Mistle... Melanie Klein Psychoanalysis o... ... Dietl Erhard Die Olchis feier...

31. Lebanon: History lebanon history. Early History to Independence. In ancient timesthe area of Lebanon and Syria was occupied by the Canaanites, who http://www.slider.com/enc/31000/Lebanon_History.htm

Trellian FTP Home Encyclopeadia L Lar - Lav ... Rope Ladders Trellian WebPage Slider Search: The Web Encyclopaedia Shopping Index Help Encyclopaedia Lebanon: History Early History to Independence In ancient times the area of Lebanon and Syria was occupied by the Canaanites, who founded the great Phoenician cities and later established a commercial maritime empire (see Phoenicia ). Lebanon's cities as well as its forests and iron and copper mines (since exhausted) attracted the successive dominant powers in the Middle East. The Phoenician cities occupied a favored position in the Persian Empire and were conquered by Alexander the Great. The region came under Roman dominion starting in 64 b.c. (there are notable Roman ruins at Baalbek The Crusaders (see Crusades ) were active in Lebanon (late 11th century) and were aided by the Lebanese Christians. After the Crusaders, Lebanon was loosely ruled by the Mamluks (c.1300). Invasions by Mongols and others contributed to the decline of trade until the reunification of the Middle East under the Ottoman Turks (early 16th century). Under Ottoman control, Lebanon had considerable autonomy, and powerful families ruled the country. Many Western religious missions and businesses were established in the area in the 19th century. Conflict among the religious communities, culminating in massacres of the Maronites by the Druze in 1860, led to intervention by France (1861), and the Ottoman sultan was forced to appoint a Christian governor for Lebanon. The French were given the mandate of Syria after World War I by the League of Nations; Lebanon was a part of that mandate.

32. Enjoy Lebanon History Phoenicians The area now known as Lebanon first appeared in recorded historyaround 3000 BC as a group of coastal cities colonised by the Phoenicians http://www.enjoylebanon.com/countryguide/history/history.asp

Home Holidays Hotels Contact Us ... Getting Around History Phoenicians The area now known as Lebanon first appeared in recorded history around 3000 B.C. as a group of coastal cities colonised by the Phoenicians, seafaring people related to the Canaanite, and one of the Mediterranean's greatest early civilisations. They created the first real alphabet, and became the most notable traders and sailors of the ancient world ruling the sea and became thriving mercantile centres under the cultural influence of Babylonia, worshipping the god Baal. The fleets of the coast cities traveled throughout the Mediterranean and even into the Atlantic Ocean, and other nations competed to employ Phoenician ships and crews in their navies. In connection with their maritime trade the city-kingdoms founded many colonies, notably Utica and Carthage in north Africa, on the islands of Rhodes and Cyprus in the Mediterranean Sea, and Tarshish in southern Spain. Tyre was the leader of the Phoenician cities before they were subjugated, once again, by Assyria during the 8th century BC. When Assyria fell during the late 7th century BC, Phoenicia, except for Tyre, which succeeded in maintaining its independence until about 538 BC, was incorporated into the Chaldean Empire of Nebuchadnezzar II and, in 539 BC, became part of the Persian Empire. Under Persian rule Sidon became the leading city of Phoenicia. The Phoenicians never unified politically: they dominated as a result of enterprise and intellectual endeavour emanating from a string of independent city states.

33. History Of Lebanon History of Lebanon. Its proximity to the sea has ensured that throughout itshistory Lebanon has held an important position as a trading center. http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/Parliament/2587/hist.html

Click here for Chronology History of Lebanon Lebanon has a heritage as old as the earliest evidence of mankind. Its geographic position as a crossroads linking the Mediterranean Basin with the great Asian  hinterland has conferred on it a cosmopolitan character and a multicultural legacy. At different periods of its history, Lebanon has come under the domination of foreign rulers, including Assyrians, Babylonians, Persians, Greeks, Romans, Arabs, Ottomans, and French. Although often conquered, Lebanon was never subdued, the Lebanese take pride in their rebellions against despotic and repressive rulers. Moreover, despite foreign domination, Lebanon's mountainous terrain has provided it with a certain protective isolation, enabling it to survive with an identity all its own. Its proximity to the sea has ensured that throughout its history Lebanon has held an important position as a trading center. This tradition of commerce began with the Phoenicians and continued through many centuries, remaining almost unaffected by foreign rule and the worst periods of internal strife. Lebanon Another explanation of the name is in the Hittite and Hurrite words for "cypress" and "juniper" which are very similar in appearance when compared to the Hittite and Hurrite words for "Lebanon Mountains". It is possible that the cedars of Lebanon could have been the source of the name of both the mountain and the country. In various ancient languages, the name differed only slightly: "Levanon" in Hebrew, "Libnah" in Phoenician, "Labnanu" in Assyrian, and "Lablani" or "Niblani" in Hittite.

34. TRAVEL.com ® ... Regional:Middle_East:Lebanon:Society_and_Culture:History A look at the ancient and modern history of Lebanon. lebanon historyfrom Arab.Net arab.net/lebanon/history/lebanon_histor http://www.travel.com/Regional/Middle_East/Lebanon/Society_and_Culture/History/

Languages: Chinese Deutsch Español Français ... More... (~70 Languages) Welcome to... Flights Lodging Cars Cruises ... Web Directories (2.5 Million URLs) Search Countries: Africa Asia Caribbean Central America ... South America Special Deals Continental Airline Vacations Future Vacations Delta (Airline) Vacations Lodging.com Hot Deals ... Priceline - Disneyland Deals Travel Info Advisories (USA Gov't) ATM Locator Driving Directions Embassies ... Weather Travel Products Foreign Currencies (Buy) Insurance Luggage, Apparel, Adapters Publications ... Sporting Goods NEW! Messaging Forums - Don't be shy! Click on the Forums tab above to exchange travel info with users worldwide. NEW! Hotel Specials and Destination Guides Caribbean Florida Mexico Hawaii ... Lebanon History Flags Results 1 - 4 of at least 4 Cedarland geocities.com/CapitolHill/Parliament/25... A look at the ancient and modern history of Lebanon. Features geography, economy, government, Phoenicians, Maronites, the Lebanese Civil War, and resources. Lebanon rimbaud.freeserve.co.uk/lebanon1.htm A short introduction to the country's history and politics.

35. Cave Exploration By Spekul In Lebanon Speleology in the country. Results of caving expeditions since 1995.Category Regional Middle East Lebanon Science and Environment...... Spekul in lebanon history and Detailed descriptions Ain el Libne In 1995 wediscovered another 1.5 km of active streamway after the 'Lac Terminal'. http://www.kuleuven.ac.be/spekul/expeditions/lebanon/lebanon.htm

Spekul Exploring Lebanon... Five years of Lebanese cave exploration by Spekul Since Steve, one of our caving club members, started working in Lebanon back in 1995, several small-scale expeditions were organized in this fascinating country Brief summary on the main findings. Spekul in Lebanon: History and Detailed descriptions Ain el Libne: In we discovered another 1.5 km of active streamway after the 'Lac Terminal'. In September '96 , 1544m were surveyed, making Ain El Libne number 4 on The Longest Lebanese Cave List... The Cascade was climbed by Lieven Debontridder, alias het Zothuis, in September '97 . A fossil continuation was explored about 300m up to a sump. The active part still went on and was fully explored in September 2000 Mar Challita: In we used some 'chemical persuation' to widen the drafting squeeze at the water level of the known part, to find another 600m of magnificent passage, ending on two sumps. The largest one was dived by Vincent Coessens in September 1997 till a small air bell. The flooded part still goes... Pictures of Caving explorations in Lebanon

36. Black History Month Mt. Lebanon's Past Of Not Selling Homes To whiskey, according to the Mt. lebanon history book The Way We Were. .The population swelled after the Liberty Tubes opened in 1924. http://www.post-gazette.com/neigh_south/20010221sali3.asp

37. Lebanon The Cedar's Land - History lebanon history Ancient History (Phoenicia). Recent History Lebanon,over the course of history, provided an inaccessible haven http://www.made-in-lebanon.com/cedar/country/history.html

L E B A N O N H I S T O R Y Ancient History : (Phoenicia) Recent History Lebanon, over the course of history, provided an inaccessible haven for tribes and religious groups escaping from repression and persecution in other parts of the Middle East. The principal groupings in the Middle East are: The Maronites, Christians who, uniquely among Eastern Christians, maintained links with and secured support from their co-religionists in Europe; the Greek Orthodox Christians; the Shia't Muslims, who arrived in Lebanon to escape persecution from the Sunni majority elsewhere in the Islamic world; and the Druze, a heretical Muslim sect founded in the 10th century. The colonial powers that subsequently occupied Lebanon – the Ottoman Turks and the French – were content to leave these sects more or less to themselves. The Turks took control of the area in the 16th century during the major expansion of the Ottoman Empire and remained there until the end of the First World War. With the dissolution of that empire, the French were granted a League of Nations mandate to administer Lebanon until independence in 1941. From that time the disparate communities cohabited in relative peace with political power divided between Christians, Shia and Sunni Muslims. On this basis, Lebanon developed a thriving economy based on providing business services – banking and finance, transport and trade facilities – for other countries in the region.

38. Middle East Studies: Lebanon site. Lebanon Highlights (The World Bank Group). lebanon history Civil War (Ayman Ghazi). Lebanese Center for Policy Studies. The http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/indiv/mideast/cuvlm/Lebanon.html

Middle East Studies Internet Resources Mideast Studies Email: mideast @libraries.cul.columbia.edu Middle East Studies Internet Resources home WWW Virtual Library ... Department home Lebanon CIA World FactBook: Lebanon (US Central Intelligence Agency) MERIA Research Guide: Lebanon (Travis L. Benson) Lebanon: a country study (Federal Research Div., Library of Congress) Lebanon Web Page (Model League of Arab States) Lebanon Web Page (University of Texas) Lebanon Web Page (City.Net) Lebanon Web Page (Ghassan Abbas) Almanar Television (Reflects the views of the Islamic Resistance) Aquastat (Food and Agriculture Organization) Water resources and use in agriculture and rural development Chronology of the Lebanon-Israel conflict (CNN) IDREL: Lebanon's memory Languages of Lebanon (Ethnologue) Perceptions and Misperceptions: Influences on Israeli Intelligence Estimates during the 1982 Lebanon War (Kristen E. Schulze, in the Journal of Conflict Studies) Strategic Aims of the 1996 Israeli Invasion of Lebanon (Israel Shahak) Unlawful killings during "Grapes of Wrath" (Amnesty International) Free Lebanon : the unofficial General Michel Aoun site Lebanon: Highlights (The World Bank Group) Lebanon History : Civil War (Ayman Ghazi) Lebanese Center for Policy Studies The Lebanese Constitution (translated by Gabriel Boutros) Lebanese foundation for Peace Lebanese Parliament, 1996-2000

39. LISWA Online Catalogue /All Locations been going on since 1975. Subject, Lebanon History Juvenileliterature. Lebanon History 1975 Juvenile literature. http://henrietta.liswa.wa.gov.au:90/kids/12,322,386/search/dlebanon/dlebanon/1,5

Author Stewart, Gail, 1949-Title Lebanon / by Gail B. Stewart. Published LOCATION CALL NO STATUS THORNLIE J 956.92 STE BELMONT J 956.92 STE GOSNELLS J 956.92 STE ALTONE PARK J 956.92 STE SCARBOROUGH J 956.92 STE OSBORNE PARK J 956.92 STE BULLCREEK J 956.92 STE WOODVALE J 956.92 STE MIDLAND J 956.92 STE WANNEROO MOBILE J 956.92 STEEdition 1st ed. Descript'n Series Places in the news Stewart, Gail, 1949-.Places in the news.ISBN Note Includes index. Summary Traces the history of Lebanon from ancient times to the present and examines some of the reasons for the devastating civil war which has been going on since 1975. Subject Lebanon History Juvenile literature.Lebanon History 1975- Juvenile literature. WORD AUTHOR TITLE SUBJECT

40. History Of Lebanon HISTORY OF LEBANON The country we now call Lebanon is located on the eastern sideof the Mediterranean Sea, in the Middle East, which happens to be in Asia. http://www.nala.com/lebanon/Histoire.html

HISTORY OF LEBANON... The country we now call Lebanon is located on the eastern side of the Mediterranean Sea , in the Middle East , which happens to be in Asia For the people of the Mediterranean, Lebanon is in the area where the sun rises. It was decided that this eastern section of the Sea will be called the Levant . So, everyone can call the Lebanese Levantines just like the Greeks and the Egyptians. Lebanon is a very small country, perched on 2 mountainous ranges called the Lebanon and the anti-Lebanon , with a valley in the middle named the Beka'a . It is bordered by Syria in the North and East, by Israel in the South, and the Mediterranean Sea in the West. Unlike the rest of the Middle East, Lebanon is a very "green" country, with lot's of flowers and trees and small rivers. There is no desert in Lebanon, just lot's of rocky mountains. The Stone Age a long time ago -180,000 years Lebanon has been inhabited for hundreds of thousands of years. River banks were the natural high-ways of prehistoric people. They moved along the Litani, Nahr Ibrahim, Nahr el-Kalb and Nahr Beirut rivers

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