41. Latin Language latin language. Latin was the native language of the Romans, who spreadit petty much throughout their empire. After the collapse http://www.hyw.com/books/history/Latin_La.htm

Latin Language Latin was the native language of the Romans, who spread it petty much throughout their empire. After the collapse of Rome, the language "died." Actually, Latin didn't really die, it just turned into Italian, French, Spanish, and several other languages. Or, more accurately, it turned into dozens of local dialects, which gradually merged to form those more familiar languages. This dialect formation had been going on for centuries. Indeed, educated Romans had often bemoaned the increasinly incomprehensible versions of Latin which were developing in the provinces. The dialects evolved through the absorbtion by the local Latin speakers of words and grammar from the conquered peoples. Although the barbarians who overran the empire were mostly unable to impose their own language on the, by then, romanized locals, they did effect numerous changes in the local form of Latin. As a result, by Charlemagne 's day (c. 800), the changes had become so great that in much of Europe the common people could no longer understand sermons in Church, albeit that they were being delivered in what was once Vulgar (low class) Latin As a result, the Emperor decreed that henceforth sermons were to be in the "lingua latina rustica" (the country-people's Latin). In other words, preach to the people in the language spoken in the area. It is durng this period that the first writings genuinely identifiable as French, and later Spanish, and still later Italian are to be found. Of the Romance (literally "the Roman's") languages of Western Europe, French moved furthest from Latin, Italian the least. Indeed, it is still possible to write something in Italian which is perfectly acceptable classical Latin, as the following poem demonstrates.

42. Words In English: The Latin Language S. Kemmer. The latin language. An Irreverent but True Chronology. The Byzantinesstill call themselves Romans but have given up on the latin language. http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~kemmer/Words/latin.html

Words in English Linguistics/English 215 Prof. S. Kemmer The Latin Language An Irreverent but True Chronology By Timothy J. Pulju 753 BC Traditional date of the founding of the city of Rome by Romulus, a fictional character who killed his twin brother Remus, populated his city with escaped convicts, and found wives for his subjects by kidnapping Sabine women who had come for a visit. At this stage, Latin is the language spoken by several thousand people in and near Rome. 6th century BC Earliest known Latin inscription, on a pin, which says "Manios me fhefhaked Numasioi", meaning "Manius made me for Numerius". Only a few other inscriptions predate the 3rd century BC. 250-100 B.C. Early Latin. The first Latin literature, usually loose translations of Greek works or imitations of Greek genres, stems from this period. Meanwhile, the Romans are conquering the Mediterranean world and bringing their language with them. 100 BC-150 AD Classical Latin. Guys like Cicero, Caesar, Vergil, and Tacitus write masterpieces of Latin literature. Also, Ovid writes a book on how to pick up women at the gladiator shows. The literary language becomes fixed and gradually loses touch with the ever- changing popular language known today as Vulgar Latin. Late Latin. Some varieties of literature adhere closely to the classical standard, others are less polished or deliberately closer to the popular speech (e.g., St. Jerome's translation of the Bible into Latinthe Vulgate). The western half of the empire is falling to pieces, but the Greek-speaking east, which is still in good shape, keeps using Latin in official contexts until the end of this period.

43. Online Spellchecker Provides an online spellchecker for English, German and latin language. http://j3e.de/cgi-bin/spellchecker

Björn's Online Spellchecker Enter some text (may be multiple words) and choose your language: German (new) German (old) English (GB) Latin Use compound words? Version from: Wed Apr 9 12:22:00 2003 Corrections or additions to the spell checker ? Mail me! bjoern [at] j3e.de

44. Roman Pages - Mosaics, Gardens, Inscriptions, Latin, Latin Poetry latin language Latin is an INFLECTED language the meaning of a sentence isdetermined by wordendings (rather than by word-order, as in English). http://www.pyrrha.demon.co.uk/qlatin1.html

Pyrrha's Roman Pages title page meet Pyrrha mosaic making Roman gardening ... links to other sites (return to top of page) Latin language Why is the Emperor Hadrian's name spelled in three different ways - first on a coin, secondly on a lead ingot found at Bath and thirdly on a building inscription at Wroxeter near Shrewsbury? HADRIANUS HADRIANI HADRIANO Did the Romans have problems with spelling or could this be a special feature of their language? HADRIANI on the lead ingot means "Hadrian's" : showing that it is his property. The inscription below can be seen in Rowley's House Museum in Shrewsbury, and shows that the city of the Cornovii ( CIVITAS CORNOVIORUM - Wroxeter, near Shrewsbury) dedicated the Forum building to the Emperor Hadrian. HADRIANO on the 3rd line) In Latin, instead of writing 'To Hadrianus', the Romans put the letter 'o' on the end of his name. The words 'Imperator' and 'Caesar' both gain an 'i'. - Hadrian had so many names and titles that the first FOUR lines all refer to him! IMP[eratori] CAES[ari] ... TRAIANO HADRIANO AUGUSTO

45. Latin Language. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001 2001. latin language. BC), a gap emerged between literary, or classical, Latinand Vulgar Latin, which was the popular (spoken) form of the language. http://www.bartleby.com/65/la/Latinlan.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Columbia Encyclopedia PREVIOUS NEXT ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Latin language member of the Italic subfamily of the Indo-European family of languages. Latin was first encountered in ancient times as the language of Latium, the region of central Italy in which Rome is located (see

46. Dr. J's On-Line Survey Of Audio-Visual Resources For Classics: Latin Language Gr latin language INSTRUCTION NEW 8/02 ! An (LQ $29.95). LiberationPhilology latin language software. Diskette (Mac or DOS). Basic http://lilt.ilstu.edu/drjclassics2/Files/latinlanggrammar.shtm

Click on this photo for Dr J's Illustrated Guide to the Classical World Survey of Audio-Visual Resources for Classics SEARCH THIS SITE FAQ HOME Directory of Distributors General Ancient World Civilizations Middle and Near East Civilizations Archaeology Databases Greco-Roman Civilization Mythology Philosophy Greek Culture Civilization Art and Archaeology Games Greek Literature Epic Drama Greek Language Study Music Grammar, Vocabulary, Works Performance Materials Keyed to Specific Language Texts Roman Culture Civilization Art and Archaeology Games Roman Conquered Lands ... Pompeii, etc. Latin literature Poetry Drama Latin Language Study Music Games Performances Grammar, Vocabulary, Works ... Materials Keyed to Specific Language Texts The Classical Legacy In Our Language In Our Culture In Shakespeare In Film Elementary/Middle School Mythology Archaeology Aesop's Fables Ancient World Civilizations ... Roman Civilization Miscellaneous Apparel Art Replicas Coins, Jewelry, Medals Miscellanea ... Stationery LATIN LANGUAGE INSTRUCTION NEW 8/02 ! An Annotated Bibliographic Resource for Teaching Latin to Elementary School Students GRAMMAR, VOCABULARY, POETICS, AND TEXTS IN LATIN don't forget to check out the Latin Language GAMES Page for materials on literature in translation, see

47. Virtual Foreign Language Classroom: Latin Language & Culture com/Athens/Forum/6946/inflections.html This site features a virtual tour of Rome,Mythology, Roman History, Roman Life, latin language, Latin Literature and http://www.nvcc.edu/vflc/latin.htm

Why Study Latin? The purpose of the Latin page is to virtually connect you students, faculty, staff, and community membersto the Latin-speaking world. Here you will be linked to sites relating to culture, instruction, and other Latin resources that we hope will enhance your learning of Latin and allow you to bring Latin out of the classroom and into your world. Last Modified: May 10, 2002 HOME TOUR SITE INDEX ADDITIONAL RESOURCES ... VCCS ONLINE DISTANCE LEARNING COURSE DIRECTORY s="na";c="na";j="na";f=""+escape(document.referrer) Education Food Government of Rome Media: Movies ... Art/Architecture/Archaeology http://ancienthistory.about.com/msub25.htm In the About Network, the Human Internet site offers opportunities to those interested in the study of Ancient and Classical history become a member and join chat rooms, forums and read the newsletter.

48. Little Rome - Latin Resources. Online Latin Dictionary And Latin Phrase List. latin language. The latin language was primarily used by the Romans.It is a complicated, yet beautiful language and forms the basis http://www.24hourlatin.com/latinlang.htm

Little Rome www.24HourLatin.com Home Latin Language ... Latin Translations by Professionals Latin Language The Latin Language was primarily used by the Romans. It is a complicated, yet beautiful language and forms the basis of most of the languages in use today. To understand Latin completely takes years of study but hopefully this section will help a little. In this section you can find: An Online Latin Dictionary Various Latin Grammar Tables A Selection Of Latin Books And Guides A Guide To Numbers In Latin ... Professional Latin Translator 2003. Updated: 20th February 2003 The information on this site may contain errors and should be used as a guide only.

49. Forum Romanum The latin language, Latin Phrases Quotations, abbreviations, mottoes, legalese,and all the other ways that the latin language still rears its head today. http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Forum/6946/latin/

FORUM ROMANUM HAS MOVED TO: http://www.forumromanum.org Please ask your referral page to change their links.

50. Latin Language And Literature The Roman empire and its primary language, Latin, are responsible for transmittingto western civilization not only the rich culture of Rome but also Greek http://classics.vassar.edu/latin.html

The Roman empire and its primary language, Latin, are responsible for transmitting to western civilization not only the rich culture of Rome but also Greek, Jewish, and Christian writings and ideas. Latin is thus one of the world's most influential languages, both as a vehicle of ancient culture and as the direct source of the "Romance" (i.e., "Roman") languages: French, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, and Romanian. About six hundred million people around the world today speak a language derived from Latin. English is a Germanic language-the language of the Anglo-Saxons. But Latin has also had a huge influence on the English language via the Norman Conquest and direct borrowing, which continues to this day. (Rented a "video" lately?) Department of Classics, Vassar College, Box 733 Poughkeepsie, NY 12604 email: Mary Decker ( madecker@vassar.edu)

51. Advice For Learning Vocabulary Some practical suggestions to help you as you start to study the latin language. http://www.slu.edu/colleges/AS/languages/classical/latin/tchmat/grammar/lvocab2.

Advice for Learning Foreign-Language Vocabulary From Saint Louis University Grammar Helps Index DESIDERATA First, it is often helpful to have some kind of "hook" (i.e., mnemonic or memory-device) to help you to retrieve the word or meaning that you want to remember. Second, you need practice in recalling the word. Third, you need to hear, see, and understand the word repeatedly in its various forms and in its most typical contexts. Practica Quaedam Face the facts! It is important to realize that you are the one responsible for learning the vocabulary. You will save much time and frustration by discovering precisely how you learn vocabulary most speedily and securely. Your goal should be a deep-processing of words. Deep-processing implies that these words become part of you, almost as your native language is part of you. Recommendations The following points, or some combination of them, may help you find your own best way to learn vocabulary. Use flash cards. Flash-card technology is still better than the most expensive educational computer gear that you can buy. It is the quickest way to get just the repetition that you need on just the words that you need to repeat. It is tried and true. And it is inexpensive. Using index cards or a pack of blank business cards, write the target words and phrases on the cards, putting one language on the front and the other on the back. As you review the words, proceeding through the stack, separate the words into two piles: those you understand immediately, and those you do not. Keep going through the yet-unlearned words until you attain a speedy mastery of them.

52. ILoveLanguages - Your Guide To Languages On The Web , Forum Romanum Collection of information about Rome, including a virtual tourof Rome, Roman history, the latin language (information and introductory Latin http://www.ilovelanguages.com/index.php?category=Languages|By Language|Latin

53. Latin Language jump to The Forum, http://pub15.ezboard.com/fthelatinsitefrm11

"); else document.write(""); // > The Latin Site > Latin Language Invite Friends! Login Register Your Free Account Search Help ... Need help logging in? Topic Replies Last Comment Started By Translation of a goodbye from EN to Latin 4/7/03 4:41:52 am Tyrinian Translation (pain in the butt translation) 3/16/03 11:49:09 am by: Two Silver Wings natcas Just a few words... 2/27/03 1:12:57 pm by: Vir Latinus pmjo More translation help!!! 2/27/03 1:07:38 pm by: Vir Latinus Hypergerl latin translation for army unit 2/27/03 1:00:12 pm by: Vir Latinus kevin painter Latin Pronunciation 2/20/03 7:25:55 pm by: MVA eccefeles Latin Grammar textbook help 1/16/03 12:35:15 am by: JHSLatin ponimiller Another Impassioned Translation Request!!!! 1/16/03 12:25:02 am by: JHSLatin WillyWebo What does this say? 1/16/03 12:22:56 am by: JHSLatin bjford Okay, that last translation was supposed to be a joke... 1/16/03 12:20:56 am by: JHSLatin natcas What does "terra firma" mean?!?! 1/16/03 12:09:51 am by: JHSLatin alli Translation help please - riff on dum vivimus... 11/13/02 9:18:20 pm by: superZONic superZONic Latin phrase for "Don't let the bastards get you down&q

54. Latin Language latin language. Origin Longer sample text (Tower of Babel). Recommendedbooks. Links latin language info http//eleaston.com/latin.html. Latin http://www.omniglot.com/writing/latin2.htm

Writing systems: alphabetic syllabic logographic ... A-Z index Latin language Origin 2,500 years ago Latin was just one of the Italic languages spoken in central Italy. Latin was the language of the area known as Latium (modern Lazio), and Rome was one of the towns of Latium. The earliest known inscriptions in Latin date from the 6th century BC and were written in various versions of the Greek alphabet, which was brought to to Italy by Greek colonists. Rome was at first ruled by Etruscan kings, but in 509 BC the Romans overthrew their Etruscan overlords, Rome became a republic ruled by elected officials and started to expand its influence in Italy. After the civil war between Julius Caesar and Pompey in 49 BC, Caesar declared himself dictator, effectively putting an end to the republic, and set about expanding the empire. Caesar was assassinated by republicans on the Ides of March 44 BC and many years of civil wars ensued. In 31 BC, Caesar's adopted son Octavian emerged as the victor, renamed himself Augustus and became the first Roman emperor. Poets such as Virgil, author of the Aeneid , and Horace were active during the reign of Augustus.

55. Latin Language latin language First Year • latin language Intermediate • Latin Prose Composition LATINLANGUAGE FIRST YEAR. Lingua Latina A Universal Latin Series. http://www.pullins.com/txt/foctxlat2.htm

Focus Publishing R. Pullins Company FOCUS CATALOGUES Classics Classical Library Latin Language Greek Language ... Sciences MORE ABOUT FOCUS home order information search author guidelines For further information, contact Ron Pullins at pullins@pullins.com Latin Language: First Year Latin Language: Intermediate Latin Prose Composition ... Latin Commentaries LATIN LANGUAGE: FIRST YEAR Lingua Latina: A Universal Latin Series. Hans H. Ørberg This is an exciting series new to Focus and the U.S. which provides a full immersion approach to Latin learning and instruction. The series consists of two primary texts, each designed to cover one semester. There are also numerous ancillaries and follow up texts. All are completely in Latin. For full information on the texts and the series, please click here Traditio: An Introduction to the Latin Language and Its Influence 2/e Paperback Edition Hardcover Edition A thorough revision of a popular text. Traditio follows the traditional grammatical approach to Latin, while providing the student with an introduction to the cultural background of Latin and the Roman world. In the second edition, chapters have been broken into smaller parts and greater numbers of exercises have been added, including the addition of workbooks. Traditio is an excellent choice for both the full year course and for intensive Latin.

56. Harvard University Press/Varro, On The Latin Language On the latin language Volume I. Books 57 by Varro Translatedby Ronald G. Kent, published by Harvard University Press. http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/L333.html

FROM THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY VARRO On the Latin Language Volume I. Books 5-7 Translated by Ronald G. Kent OTHER HARVARD BOOKS BY VARRO On Agriculture On the Latin Language: Volume II. Books 8-10. Fragments January 1938 420 pages Cloth edition: ISBN 0-674-99367-5

57. Harvard University Press/Varro, On The Latin Language On the latin language Volume II. Books 810. FROM THE LOEB CLASSICALLIBRARY® VARRO On the latin language Volume II. Books 8-10. http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/L334.html

FROM THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY VARRO On the Latin Language Volume II. Books 8-10. Fragments Translated by Ronald G. Kent OTHER HARVARD BOOKS BY VARRO On Agriculture On the Latin Language: Volume I. Books 5-7 January 1938 Index 308 pages Cloth edition: ISBN 0-674-99368-3

58. Latin Language Learning Latin Glossary of Terms Explanations of Latin grammar terms. LatinLanguage FAQ- Questions and answers on Latin Grammar and Syntax. http://www.teach-nology.com/teachers/subject_matter/languages/latin/

Best Sites Downloads eReports Free Sites ... Professional Development Enter your email address for FREE weekly teaching tips! Home Teacher Resources Subject Matter World Languages ... Easton Latin Online - Online materials for language teachers. Quizzes and teaching resources for ESL EFL TESL TOEFL TOEIC. This very useful page from a multi-language site is one of the few places with AUDIO sources for Latin. Also has links to online materials for teaching, entry-level texts for reading, guides to pronunciation, and ways to contact and network with other Latin teachers. Easton Language Education site. Many other foreign language education resource pages here as well. Guide to Wheelock's Latin - A helpful set of explanations and exercises for students using the popular Wheelock introductory grammar book. Inflected Latin - Tables of all of the declinations and conjugations, as well as some irregular inflections. Latin Glossary of Terms - Explanations of Latin grammar terms.

59. VRoma: A Virtual Community For Teaching And Learning Classics Virtual MOO (Multiple User Dungeon Object Oriented) and link list for study of Ancient Roman History and latin language and literature. With notes for teachers for using these materials in classes. http://www.vroma.org/

NEWS FLASH: VRoma is pleased to announce the grand opening of our new and improved MOO, powered by the enCore open-source MOO database. Explore our virtual city by clicking on the log in gateway below and enjoy the many new educational features that are now available. A Virtual Place A Collection of Resources Rome Officina Eamus VRoman! Let's Go VRoma! We welcome anyone with a serious interest in ancient Rome to join the ranks of VRomans and log in to this special place. The VRoma Project uses workshops and presentations to engage teachers and students in a virtual community dedicated to using internet technology to foster the teaching and learning of Latin and Roman culture. This web site features various types of resources created by VRomans, including a large archive of digital images relating to classical antiquity, help files and other materials about to the MOO, teaching resources and course materials, information about the project and its participants , and relevant links to other sites. All of these resources are available on the web and do not require logging in to the MOO. Project Co-Directors: Suzanne Bonefas and Barbara F. McManus

60. Latin Language The latin language Group, Italic (with Oscan, Umbrian etc.), LatinoFaliscan(with Faliscan). Today Latin is the official language of Vatican. http://tied.narod.ru/tree/ital/latin.html

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