81. JDC Programs Worldwide Former Soviet Union Kyrgyzstan mission history awards archives contact us, Africa/Asia Americas Cent and EastEurope Europe Former Soviet Union Israel, Former Soviet Union /kyrgyzstan. http://gz1.client.dti.net/sites/jdc/p_fsu_kyrg_history.html

82. Kyrgyzstan's First Lady Leads By Example into English, German, Japanese, Turkish and other languages, with the hope that childrenof the world will learn about kyrgyzstan's history and unique culture http://www.isar.org/isar/archive/ST/KYfirstlady481.html

ISAR: I nitiative for S ocial A ction and R enewal in Eurasia Kyrgyzstan's First Lady Leads by Example by Tcholpon Akmataliyeva photo by Tcholpon Akmataliyeva One criterion for democratic development is active participation by women in public life. In the five years that the Kyrgyz Republic has been independent, more than 50 nongovernmental women's organizations have formed, a good indication that Kyrgyz women are playing an active role in their country's transition. Mairam Akaeva, wife of president Askar Akaev, uses her influence as first lady to advocate for the country's children, in a style reminiscent of Hillary Clinton. In 1993, she created her own foundation, called the Meerim International Charitable Foundation, with the goal of supporting and protecting women and children, the most vulnerable people in society during the current transition period. The foundation's social welfare program is targeted at reducing infant and maternal mortality, and providing charitable assistance to orphans, children's homes, handicapped children and needy families. The foundation also provides various types of support to talented children and women, through stipends granted to young students of music, art, singing and the applied arts. Shows have been organized to display the works of these artists, and charitable events have been held to support various creative groups. The most popular event is the Young Talents International Festival held annually on the banks of Lake Issyk-Kul. Children from around the world come here, representing different peoples and cultures and different branches of the arts. For two weeks children participate in drawing, singing and dancing competitions. The children of Kyrgyzstan actively participate in the talent competitions, introducing the guests of the festival to our ancient culture and traditions.

83. Opportunities - Encyclopedia Of Asia history Kazakhstan history (1250 words). EDUCATION kyrgyzstan - EducationSystem (400 words). history kyrgyzstan - history (1250 words). http://www.azer.com/aiweb/categories/ops_education/ops_encyclopedia_asia.html

Call for Contributors Encyclopedia of Asia Contact June Kim Project Coordinator Berkshire Publishing Group LLC 314 Main Street, Suite #12 Great Barrington, MA 01230 Tel: (413) 528-0206 E-mail: june@berkshirepublishing.com Facsimilie: (413) 528-5241 We invite you to take part in an important new project, the six-volume Encyclopedia of Asia. Coverage includes social and cultural topics as well as contemporary issues and current events, including medicine, religion, technology, political and human rights, ethnic relations, education, family, arts, environment, sports, and cuisines. Geographically, we are covering Asia from Turkey to the islands of Southeast Asia, as well as Asian migration to and influence on the rest of the world. The Encyclopedia focuses on modern Asia and takes a dynamic approach that emphasizes global change, development, and regional and global relationships. We have had a generous and enthusiastic response from the scholarly community. Over 90% of the 3,100 articles are assigned and some 55% have already been written. The Encyclopedia is well underway for publication in 2002 by Scribners, New York.

84. CSEEES - Kyrgyzstan news and more. kyrgyzstan FREENET homepage information on history, geography,literature and culture. kyrgyzstan business and tourist http://www.duke.edu/web/CSEEES/kyrgyz.html

main page About the CSEEES Undergraduate Slavic Studies Graduate Slavic Studies ... Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Latvia Lithuania Macedonia Moldova ... Yugoslavia click here to see Kyrgyzstan's flag click here to see a map of Kyrgyzstan full name: Kyrgyz Republic local name: Kyrgyz Respublikasy languages: Kirghiz (Kyrgyz), Russian currency: 1 Kyrgyzstani som (KGS) = 100 tyiyn independence: 31 August 1991 (from Soviet Union) total area: 198,500 sq km comparative area: slightly smaller than South Dakota borders: China, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan population: 4,522,281 (July 1998) life expectancy: male 59.45 years, female 68.3 years general travel language culture ... Kyrgyzstan Resource Page A large selection of links on Kyrgyzstani history, culture, travel, media, business, news and more Kyrgyzstan FREENET homepage information on history, geography, literature and culture Kyrgyzstan: business and tourist directory information on economy, banking, transport, folk history and tourism Kyrgyzstan - A Country Study The Library of Congress page, full of historical, societal, economic and political information Lonely Planet - Destination Kyrgyzstan The publishers of some of the best travel guides on the market have made available a condensed version of the information that you'd find in their book on Kyrgyzstan. Heavily abridged, but still very useful.

85. Welcome To The Country Pages: Kyrgyztan TOP. Embassies Embassy of kyrgyzstan http//www.kyrgyzstan.org/ Informationon visas, history, politics, business, etc. General Russian http://www.cies.org/country/kyrgyzstan.htm

Welcome to the Country Pages Kyrgyztan Embassies General News Education ... CIES Contacts Wedged between Kazakhstan and Tajikistan and closed off from China by towering mountains, the Kyrgyz Republic is a small and unique country. Grand mountains with luscious pastures combine with deserts and fertile plains to create the character of the Kyrgyz land and its people, which have been shaped and preserved throughout ages of history. During the 20th century, Kyrgyzstan was incorporated into the USSR. Nowadays, as an independent republic, Kyrgyzstan is struggling to successfully implement free-market reforms and maintain political and ethnic stability. The Kyrgyz government has been actively pursuing ethnic tolerance and democratization polices. Kyrgyzstan has the most liberal media in the former Soviet Union, while both the Russian and Kyrgyz languages are official in this country of well-educated population and a sizable Russian minority. Kyrgyzstan has a self-sufficient agricultural sector, rich in mineral resources and with high potential in hydroelectric power generation, while economic ties remain strong with Russia and the other members of the Commonwealth Independent States (CIS).

86. Kyrgyzstan Human Development Report - Chapter 2 of statehood is deeply ingrained in the mentality of the people of kyrgyzstan. Themodern Kyrgyz Republic is based on a long and dignified history that began http://www.undp.org/rbec/nhdr/kyrgyzstan/chapter2.htm

CHAPTER 2 HISTORY, POPULATION, CULTURE Geopolitical Dynamics of the Kyrgyz Nation The Kyrgyz Estate is mentioned in the Chinese history as early as 201 B.C. but descriptions of the people are scant and sometimes contradictory. The geographic origin of the Kyrgyz is a matter of scientific debate; some believe they came from the banks of the Kyrgyz-Nur Lake in Mongolia, while others suggest that they first occupied the Boro-Horo mountain ridge in the eastern Tien-Shan mountains in China. It is believed that the ancient Kyrgyz state was established at the same time as the first Tun Turkic language Empire. Thus, the Kyrgyz were among the earliest people to develop the concept of a state. An early feudal state was established in the 4th and 5th centuries A.D. while the Kyrgyz were living in the Minusin basin along the Enisey river north of the present-day Kyrgyz Republic. The reputation of the rapidly developing and expanding Kyrgyz state spread beyond southern Siberia. One branch of the great silk road westward from China passed through modern Kyrgyzstan and was called the Kyrgyz way. During this time, many ethnic groups in the region were integrated into the Kyrgyz people. In 840 A.D. an army of 100,000 men under the leadership of the Kyrgyz attacked the ancient Uigur capital, Orhon, located in what is now Mongolia, occupied and destroyed it; the grand Uigur state was defeated. A Kyrgyz Khanate was created in its place, the boundaries of which extended from the Lake Baikal to the Irtish River and from the present Krasnoyarsk City to the great Chinese Wall. In the period of "Great Power" the empire of the Kyrgyz Khanate encompassed many non-Kyrgyz nations. The empire, however, did not last long; by the tenth century the Kyrgyz people had returned to the Enisey basin. Repeated attempts to establish statehood during the 10th and 11th centuries failed; local chiefs were unwilling to subordinate their authority to a central leader. In the 13th century the state splintered into a number of feudal estates that proved easy prey for the troops of Ghenghis Khan in 1207. In 1293 the Enisey Kyrgyz state was completely destroyed.

87. Central Europe Review - Film Meszaros - Her Story, A History KINOEYE Her Story, A history Marta Meszaros interviewed on Kisvilma Az utolsonaplo naplo (Little Vilma - The Last Diary), largely set in kyrgyzstan, on the http://www.ce-review.org/99/19/kinoeye19_princz.html

88. Lonely Planet's Guide To Kyrgyzstan From Lonely Planet. Lonely Planet guide to kyrgyzstan and the world.Order Now. kyrgyzstan. history. The earliest notable residents http://webcenter.travel.aol.com/travel/lonely_planet/asia/kyrgyzstan/history.htm

You are here: Home Web Centers > Travel From Lonely Planet Lonely Planet guide to Kyrgyzstan and the world Order Now Kyrgyzstan History The earliest notable residents of what is now Kyrgyzstan were warrior tribes of Saka (also known as Scythians), from about the 6th century BC to the 5th century AD. Alexander the Great met perhaps the stiffest resistance from Saka tribes in his 4th century BC advance through Central Asia. Rich bronze and gold relics have been recovered from Scythian burial mounds at Lake Issyk-Kul and in southern Kazakstan. The region was under the control of various Turkic alliances from the 6th to 10th centuries, with a sizeable population living on the shores of Lake Issyk-Kul. Kyrgyzstan was the scene of a pivotal battle in 751, when the Turks and their Arab and Tibetan allies drove a large Tang Chinese army out of Central Asia. Ancestors of today's Kyrgyz people probably lived in Siberia's upper Yenisey basin until at least the 10th century, when under the influence of Mongol incursions they began migrating south into the Tian Shan - more urgently with the rise of Jenghiz Khan in the 13th century. Present-day Kyrgyzstan was part of the inheritance of Jenghiz's second son, Chagatai. Peace was shattered in 1685 by the arrival of the ruthless Mongol Oyrats of the Zhungarian Empire, who drove vast numbers of Kyrgyz south into present-day Tajikistan. When the Oyrats were defeated by the Manchu (Qing), the Kyrgyz became de facto subjects of the Chinese, who mainly left them to their nomadic ways. In the 18th century the feudal tentacles of the Kokand khanate began to encircle them, though the feisty Kyrgyz constantly made trouble from their Tian Shan redoubts. As the Russians moved closer in the 19th century, various Kyrgyz tribal leaders made their own peace with Russia or Kokand. Russian forces slowly rolled over the towns of Kokand, their advance culminating in the defeat of Tashkent in 1865. The Kyrgyz were gradually eased into the tsar's provinces of Ferghana and Semireche.

89. Kyrgyzstan Travel Information. Photos, Stories And Diaries About Kyrgyzstan What kyrgyzstan lacks in settled history it more than makes up for with its wealthof nomadic traditions, including laidback hospitality and a healthy http://www.worldsurface.com/browse/location.asp?locationid=131

90. Cholpon Turdalieva, Department Of History Turdalieva (left), Associate Professor and Chair of Cultural Studies at the KyrgyzPedagogical University in Bishkek, kyrgyzstan with history Professor and http://libarts.wsu.edu/history/currenteventspage/cholpon1.html

91. AsiaSource: AsiaEXPERTS - A Resource Of The Asia Society Specialty(s) Cultural history. Region/Country Central Asia, Afghanistan, Kazakhstan,kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. 7. Timothy May. http://www.asiasource.org/experts/ax_mp_02_country.cfm?countryid=37

92. KYRGYZSTAN News, Kyrgyzstan Map, Links General resource for kyrgyzstan information from the eurasianet.org . http://www.eurasianet.org/resource/kyrgyzstan/

Eurasia Insight Analysis of current affairs Deals, Developments, and Trends Environment Hazards and Solutions Expert and Observer Interviews Culture News, Book Reviews, and Photo Essays Human Rights Monitoring and Actions Recaps Summaries of Expert Meetings Election Watch Results and Analysis Discussion Forums East of Magnum An Online Photo Exhibition EurasiaNet Partners Contributing Sites Grants and Employment Opportunities in Central Eurasia Search EurasiaNet Eurasia Policy Forum Drug Policy, HIV/AIDS and the Public Health Crisis in Central Asia Caspian Revenue Watch KYRGYZSTAN RESOURCE PAGE Almanac Facts: Area: 198,999 sq km (76,834 sq mi) Population: Capital: Bishkek 589,000 President: Askar Akayevich Akayev Religion: Muslim, Russian Orthodox Life Expectancy: 64 years GDP per capita: Map of Kyrgyzstan Latest Story: Concern Rising in Kyrgyzstan About US-Led War in Iraq Egamberdy Kabulov The Iraq conflict is damaging Kyrgyzstan's strategic relationship with the United States. Given the widespread public anti-war sentiment, Kyrgyz officials have warned against the use of an American air base outside Bishkek to support US military operations in Iraq.

93. Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway: Kyrgyzstan At A Glance Provides information on kyrgyzstan. A pilot project of the Development Gateway Foundation aimed at harnessing knowledge and Internet technology for sustainable development and poverty alleviation in kyrgyzstan. http://eng.gateway.kg

Prototype ver 2.001(a) community registration site map about team ... Development Sites on the portal invest.gateway.kg business.gateway.kg ngo.gateway.kg profi.gateway.kg ... price.gateway.kg eLearning CDF Updated forums: Anemia and Leukemia Kyrgyz Charitable Public Foundation Kyrgyzstan Chingiz Aitmatov Industries for Investment ... All forums Updated: Now: Users on the site : Updated folders: Music The Epos ‘Manas’ Art Culture ... Poems of Alykul What's new in the country: Kyrgyz President Holds Meeting With Finnish President and Other Officials In Helsinki Kyrgyz President To Visit Finland Kyrgyzstan Government Investigates Sarybulak Killings European Union and Kyrgyzstan Discuss Problems Of Their Bilateral Cooperation ... Representative of the OSCE Chairman-in-Office Visits Kyrgyzstan Archive Analytics Here you are: Main Forum Main: Kyrgyzstan Geography Climate History ... Editional Policy E-mail us

94. Kyrgyzstan Animated GIF image. http://www.atlasgeo.net/flags/anglais/html/Ekyrgyzstan.htm

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97. Children's Hospital Fund In Kyrgyzstan A nonprofit California-based corporation which aims to aid children in the former Soviet Republic. Included are personal experiences and photographs. http://cosmic.www5.50megs.com/

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98. Index Of / Selling banknotes, coins, and postage stamps, from kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan. http://collecting.20m.com/

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99. National Bank Of Kyrgyz Republic. Legal staus, foreign exchange laws and monetary policy. http://www.nbkr.kg/web/interfeis.builder_frame?language=ENG

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