21. Landru.i-link-2.net/jtrees/text/Nations_of_old-world.txt as generic name for several peoples) Dompago Dyerma Idoani Iyayu language speakersidoma Igala Igbo 62%) Chinese (15%) see CHINA indigenous (6%) Cambodia http://landru.i-link-2.net/jtrees/text/Nations_of_old-world.txt

Tofin Toli Urhobo //Waama// (Yoabu) Waci Xweda Xwela Yoba Maubere Chinese [see CHINA] India - [Est. population: 1,014,003,817 ]

22. Analysis Nigeria's peoples are probably descended from quite small are the original, autochtonous,indigenous, inhabitants of 4. Idomoid, idoma, Igedde, Yala and Alago. http://www.ceddert.com/analysis-02-01-03-6.htm

Analysis PUBLISHED AND PRINTED IN ZARIA Volume 2 No. 2. February 2003 Violent Ethnic Conflicts in NigeriaBeyond Myths and Mystifications By Bala Usman The most primary of the fabrics binding all human communities, throughout the world, from the earliest Stone Age hunting and gathering bands, up to today, has been the provision, on a sustained basis, of the security of life, and of the means of life, to the members of that community. But, even from that very ancient period of human development, one of the most difficult political problems that human communities and polities have faced, is that of establishing on a feasible, and operationable, basis who is a member of the community and who is not. For, this defines where the boundaries of the community and the polity begin and end, and who comes within that community and who is outside it and constitutes an actual or, a potential threat to the security and safety of its members. But, also one of the most permanent features of human development has been that these boundaries have to keep changing and, generally, expanding in order to incorporate others, who do not have the same ancestry, but who move in due to all sorts of factors and constitute a dynamic factor in improving the cultural, technological, economic and even political levels of the community. Human progress at all levels, even at the level of genetic development, is inseparable from immigration and the inter-mixing of different groups to form new groups. But, this process always challenges the existing order and generates tension, stresses, which can be used to set off violent conflicts. These are lessons of history we have to face in Nigeria, as others are facing them in all countries of the world.

23. African Studies Center | Publications | Index in History, History in Art The idoma Ancestral Masquerade of North Pare, TanzaniaIndigenous Conservation, Local for the South African peoples' Struggle, by http://www.bu.edu/africa/publications/index/indextopic.html

CENTER PUBLICATIONS BY MAJOR TOPIC Agriculture Arts/Art History Development Education ... Women And Gender African Studies Center publications series listed here are intended to highlight the research of scholars affiliated with Boston University or the work of other scholars presented at Boston University. Note: These entries are listed alphabetically by title within each topic Explanation of code numbers (used for ordering): AH WP, and AAIC refer to article-length papers in Discussion Papers in the African Humanities (AH), Working Papers of the African Studies Center (WP), and African-American Issues Center Papers (AAIC). ARS refers to a paperback monograph in the African Research Studies. AFDOC refers to a book in the African Historical Documents series.

24. Genocide And Nigerian Arrny Massacre Of Tiv Civilians In Central Nigeria. of the Benue River including Basse, idoma, Igala, Tiv refer to as settlers immigrants or nonindigenous . the African Charter on Human and peoples' Rights. http://www.ishr.org/sections-groups/wac/tiv.htm

Genocide and Nigerian Army massacre of Tiv civilians in central Nigeria Main Points Background to the ethnic crisis Who are the Tiv? The Tiv conflict with Jukun in Taraba and Hausa in Nasarawa ... The role of ISHR West African Committee Main Points Between February 2001 and October 23 alone over 7,000 members of a particular ethnic group known know as the Tiv in Benue State of Nigeria have been massacred by the Nigerian Army and two other ethnic groups from neighbouring states of Taraba and Nasarawa. The killing is still continuing in remote villages. In a widely publicised event on 23 October 2001, Nigerian Soldiers identified as troops from the 23rd Armoured Brigade of the Nigerian Army based in Yola, Adamawa State, invaded 4 Tiv villages using tanks, armoured personnel carriers and rocket propelled grenade launchers and killing more than 500 unarmed innocent civilians. In Anyiin Village where they first entered, the soldiers summoned a meeting of all villagers at a popular square under the pretext that they were to make peace. But as soon as the villagers gathered, they separated the men from women and opened fire on the unsuspecting and defenceless men, killing 137 instantly. In Zaki Biarn a town of about 50,000 people and Headquarters of the Local Council, they killed over 200 people and levelled down every single building including churches, local council offices, a Police station and the famous International yarn trading centre. Buildings were levelled to the ground wit armoured cars and grenades.

25. About Nigeria that blended traditional Christian symbols with indigenous symbols and very indifferently,applied to peoples of Native Edo, Ijo, Igbo, Igala, idoma, Nupe, and http://www.mannafoundation.net/nigeria/nigeriapage2.htm

Previous Page Next Page About Nigeria Home Nigeria: The People Religion Back to top Religious freedom is guaranteed by the constitution, and Muslims and Christians live and work together, although there is continuing conflict between the two groups and between them and adherents of traditional religions. The greatest concentration of Muslims is in the northern states, where three-fourths of the people profess the religion. Islam also dominates in the southern states of Lagos, Ogun, and Oyo. Christians make up more than three-fourths of the population in the eastern states. Britannica Encyclopedia The effect of the Islam In 1990, Islam pervaded daily life. Public meetings began and ended with Muslim prayer, and everyone knew at least the minimum Arabic prayers and the five pillars of the religion required for full participation. Public adjudication (by local leaders with the help of religious experts, or alkali courts) provided widespread knowledge of the basic tenets of sharia law the Sunni school of law according to malik ibn anas, the jurist from medina, was that primarily followed. Sunni (from sunna), or orthodox Islam, is the dominant sect in Nigeria and most of the Muslim world. The other sect is Shia Islam, which holds that the caliphs or successors to the prophet should have been his relatives rather than elected individuals.

26. Language Explanations is the third largest language of africa in the In many cases where peoples of differentlinguistic Quechua, Quechua ( qheshwa ) is an indigenous language of the http://kenax.hypermart.net/kenax/language_explanations.htm

This site gives a brief description with links of the more than 180 languages provided by KENAX Translating . Note that some of these explanation are unedited and contributed by translators. (This site is still being worked on.) Afghani The language spoken in Afghanistan Afrikaans Similar to Flemish, which is 40% Dutch, 40% German and 20% everything possible. Spoken in South Africa Afrikaans, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sesotho (the Sesotho name for Southern Sotho), Setswana (the Setswana name for Tswana), Swazi (also known as Siswati), Tsonga (also known as Xitsonga), Venda (also isiVenda), Xhosa (also isiXhosa) and Zulu (also isiZulu) are 10 of the official languages of South Africa (the last and eleventh being English). All these languages are therefore predominantly spoken in South Africa. Akkadian Akkadian is one of the great cultural languages of world history. Akkadian (or Babylonian-Assyrian) is the collective name for the spoken languages of the culture in the three millennia BCE in Mesopotamia, the area between the rivers Euphrates and Tigris, approx. covering modern Irak. The name Akkadian so called in ancient time is derived from the city-state of Akkad, founded in the middle of the third millennium BCE and capital of one of the first great empires after the dawn of human history. Albanian The Albanian language is a branch of the Indo-European family tree, and consists of only one language, which is the official language of

27. Wuarchive.wustl.edu/doc/coombspapers/subj-bibl-clearinghouse/polynesia-lang-cult T Flora of New Zealand, Volume I, indigenous Tracheophyta Psilopsida The Dispersalof the Polynesian peoples %B Journal of 16 %P 5675 %K africa, AIDS, truck http://wuarchive.wustl.edu/doc/coombspapers/subj-bibl-clearinghouse/polynesia-la

28. Wuarchive.wustl.edu/doc/coombspapers/coombsarchives/linguistics/bibliographies/m i Flora of New Zealand, Volume I, indigenous Tracheophyta Psilopsida PJ Epling TheDispersal of the Polynesian peoples . y diccionario del antiquo idoma de la http://wuarchive.wustl.edu/doc/coombspapers/coombsarchives/linguistics/bibliogra

29. Nigerian Weekly #12 News Summary March 25, 2000 the state chairman of the peoples Democratic Party idoma stunned early morning listenersof the state health equipment and promote indigenous manufacturing and http://www.outcrybookreview.com/NigerianNews12.htm

Nigeria Weekly News Highlights #12 Nigeria Weekly News Highlights March 25, 2000 Forward With A United Nigeria Magazine FrontPage OUTCRY Magazine Free Website Design Small Businesses.com Friday, March 24 , 2000 Obasanjo urged to defend unity PRESIDENT Olusegun Obasanjo has been enjoined by the Cherubim and Seraphim Unification Church of Nigeria to be "decisive in his resolve to protect the corporate existence of the country." The church, at the end of its ecclesiastical council meeting in Lagos, condemned what it considers as the "unprovoked and unwarranted attacks and killings of Christians in Kaduna and other parts of Northern Nigeria." Although it endorsed government's political solution to the crisis, it warned that court decision on the controversial Sharia legal code may "create the situation of the victor and the vanguished which can threaten the corporate existence of Nigeria." Urging sponsors of riot to retrace their steps, the church pointed out that "the fall-out of incessant religious violence in the country may be too grim for Nigeria, especially for the prostrate economy." It reminded religious zealots that all religions are united in their tenets of holiness and abhorence for hatred, corruption, violence, robbery, murder and indeed any action that can cause pain and distress to fellow mankind."

30. Embassy Of Nigeria, Hungary Itshekiris, Nupe, Tiv, Jukun, Egbira, idoma, Angas, Biron traditional fishing/huntingand skilled indigenous crafts represent by the Edo speaking peoples and in http://home.sch.bme.hu/~loki/facts.html

FACTS ABOUT NIGERIA Government Travel Tips The Nigerian People History of Nigeria ... Nigerian Words and Phrases Official name: Federal Republic of Nigeria Form of state: Federal republic, comprising 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory ( FCT, -Abuja) Legal system: Based on English common law National legislature: National assembly made up of the Senate and the House of Representatives Nature of Government: Presidential Head of state: President Olusegun Aremu Obasonjo State government: Elected State Governors and House of Assembly Main poli- party: Peoples Democratic Party (PDP), All Peoples Party (APP), Alliance for Democracy (AD) FEDERAL EXECUTIVE COUNCIL MEMBERS Prof. Tunde Adeniran Minister of Education Alh. L. Batagarawa Minister of State, Education Dr. Segun Agagu Minister of Aviation Alhaji Mohammed Arzika Minister of Communications Ibrahim Bunu Minister of Federal Capital Territory Mr. Solomon Ewugu Minister of State, Federal Capital Territory Engr. Mustapha Bello Minister of Commerce Damasi Sango Minister of Sports and Social Devt.

31. Historical Overview: Constitutional Conundrum Who are these peoples being socially engineered to Gbagyi, Gwari, Hausa, Ibibio, Ibino,idoma, Igbani, Igbira not wiped out the indigenous ethnoreligious groups http://www.kwenu.com/romareal/2historyb.htm

Kwenu! CONSTITUTIONAL CONUNDRUM Cuddling Colonialism N o one accuses Nigeria of apathy toward democratic designs. Diverse and distinct Africans had lived under popular institutions for centuries before 1900. These institutions had checks and balances and provided vents for the contemptible cancer of absolute authority. The 1913 Council Order brought together of the largely democratic South for the 1914 Amalgamation with the structured and largely feudal North. It was a sociopolitical and bureaucratic bad dream, a very Nigerian nightmare. The first gathering of legal Nigerians was undaunted. They took the tiger by the tail. But, as the Igbo would have told them, you must not touch the tail of the tiger, dead or alive. They did just that: toyed with a tail of a sleeping but vicious tiger. Generations thereafter have found themselves in a circuitous swing that produces one failed constitution after another. Nigeria has had nine national constitutional conferences in 75 years. It started in 1920, soon after the exit of Lord Lugard. Chaired by Sir Clifford, the conference laid the foundation for a republic. It also marked the involvement of locals in policy-making process. The 1922 Clifford Constitution thus opened the Golden Gate of flowing failures in a fabricated federation. From retirement in England, Lugard frowned; London scrapped the constitution. By the end of the World War II, colonial Britain realized that Herr Hitler had dealt their colonial dream of grandeur a fatal blow. They lost India, the crown jewel. The world was getting smaller the world according to Grandeur Britannia. It was no longer if but when Nigeria would be freed. The National Conference of Nigerian Citizens, NCNC, was formed under the charismatic leadership of American-educated Benjamin Nnamdi Azikiwe, a Northern-born and Yorubanized, urbane publisher of Igbo parentage.

32. Used Books, Rare Books, Antiquarian Books - Antiqbook 6817 CHILE INDIGENA/indigenous CHILE/CHILI INDIENE DE LOS NOMBRES DE LUGAR PERTENECIENTESAL idoma NAHUATL Arts and Cultures of the Diverse peoples of South http://antiqbook.com/boox/eth/index.shtml

Ethnographic Art Publications Click on booknumber for full information THE PENNSYLVANIA ARTIFACT SERIES: A run from Booklet No. 1 through Booklet No. 74 OBJECTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL INTEREST COLLECTED BY THE LATE MARY ANNA PALMER DRAPER OF NEW YORK CITY. IMPORTANT TRIBAL ART. Including Property from the Estate of Max Granick. ANCIENT ROCK INSCRIPTIONS IN OHIO, AN ANCIENT BURIAL MOUND, HARDIN COUNTY, O.,: Western Reserve and Northern Ohio Historical Society, Historical and Archaeological Tract No. 11, 1872 NIGERIA, A Quarterly Magazine of General Interest. INTERNATIONAL AFRICAN BIBLIOGRAPHY, Vol. 8, No. 2, INTERNATIONAL AFRICAN BIBLIOGRAPHY, Vol. 8, No. 3, LITTLE PEOPLE OF THE EARTH. Ceramic Figures from Ancient America. PRE-COLUMBIAN ART. PRE-COLUMBIAN ART. PRE-COLUMBIAN ART. PRE-COLUMBIAN ART. PRE-COLUMBIAN ART. ALTMEXIKO. MEXIKANISCHE ZAUBERFIGUREN. Alte Handschriften Beginnen zu Sprechen. NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC. October, 1982. NIGER'S WODAABE, "PEOPLE OF THE TABOO" NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC. July, 1983. STONE AGE ART OF TANZANIA. Chichen Itza, An Ancient American Mecca: NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC. January, 1925

33. Rethinking Natural Resource Degradation In Semi-Arid Sub-Saharan SemiArid Sub-Saharan africa Soil and Water Conservation in The process of describing indigenous SWC systems should be expanded and Lord Ammon . West africa 20/1/1945, p.12. http://www.odi.org.uk/rpeg/soil_degradation/nglit.pdf

34. Operation World: Nigeria - Detailed Information 1.1m; Ijaw(4) 970,000; Igala 891,000; idoma(4) 800,000 1990s has revealed that 168peoples are inadequately lack of resident workers, indigenous churches, Bible http://nema.gospelcom.net/ow_nigeria/owtext.html

Nigeria Federal Republic of Nigeria August 30-September 2 Africa Home Wel com e ... Mission Opportunity Operation World click to enlarge GEOGRAPHY Area 923,768 sq.km. Mangrove and tropical rain forests in the south, savannah and grasslands in the north. The country is drained by the Niger-Benue river systems. Population Ann.Gr. Density 121 per sq. km. 150 per sq. km. 198 per sq. km. Africa’s most populous nation. Census figures have in the past been manipulated for religious or political advantage by the ruling Muslim elite. The figures of the 1991 census have been widely accepted. Capital Abuja 500,000. Other major cities: Lagos 5 mill.; Ibadan 1.7m; Kano 1.5m; Port Harcourt 1.2m; Kaduna 1m; Enugu 900,000; Jos 650,000. Urbanites 44%. Neglect of agriculture has accelerated urban migration. PEOPLES Over 490 ethnic groups. The triangular rivalry between the Hausa/Fulani, Yoruba and Igbo have dominated Nigerian politics since independence. Guinean 49.5%. Mainly across south and centre. Over 70 peoples, mostly Christian, some Muslim. Yoruba 20.3mill.; Igbo (Ibo) 19.9m; Edo 1.1m; Nupe 1.1m; Ijaw(4) 970,000; Igala 891,000; Idoma(4) 800,000; Igbirra 660,000; Urhobo 608,000; Isekiri 557,000; Isoko 423,000; Gbari 409,000; Esan 357,000; Izi 357,000; Ewe 340,000; Ezaa 322,000. Hausa-Chadic 20.6%. Mainly in north. Though over 25% of all people speak Hausa, many who embrace Islam switch to Hausa. Over 100 peoples, majority are Muslim. Hausa 23m.

35. The Yoruba Today related to Igala, Igbo, Edo, Igbira, idoma and Nupe and Ife, are interspersed withpeoples speaking other of the Saro and the indigenous Lagosians increasingly http://lucy.ukc.ac.uk/YorubaT/yt1.html

The Yoruba Today J.S. Eades (Originally published by Cambridge University Press 1980) Author's note on the online version In order to make the text of this book available as quickly as possible, the text alone has been scanned in from the original, omitting the diagrams, maps and photographs. It may be possible to add these in a subsequent version. Also left for future versions are italics and the dots under the letters e, o, and s, as described in the note on orthography below. Yoruba specialists will easily be able to supply them, and non-Yoruba specialists will not be particularly worried by their omission.] Preface These latter variables are central to the final chapter which deals with social stratification. Discussions of stratification based on Marxist or Weberian categories and discussions of ethnic identity stemming from the work of Abner Cohen have been pursued largely in isolation from each other. This is a preliminary attempt at a synthesis which I hope to develop in future. Many general surveys of this sort start off as by-products of Ph.D. dissertations: this one is no exception. My fieldwork was financed by a Hayter Studentship from the Department of Education and Science, and by a Smuts Studentship from the University of Cambridge. During the course of my fieldwork I was affiliated to the Institute of African Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, and to the Department of Sociology, University of Ibadan. My thanks are due to all these institutions, together with Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, for a period of study-leave during which much of the thesis was written and the present study planned.

36. Intamas Part 2 CSE.35.1.71, idoma LANGUAGE and as a result they provide detailed account of the indigenoussocial, political judicial and economic systems of the peoples of the http://www2.rz.hu-berlin.de/orient/nae/intamas2.htm

Go to Part 1 Intamas Page Start Page AN INDEX TO INTELLIGENCE REPORTS, ANTHROPOLOGICAL REPORTS, ASSESSMENT REPORTS AND RE-ORGANISATION REPORTS IN THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES, ENUGU BY U. O. A. ESSE NATIONAL ARCHIVES, ENUGU 1992 PART TWO Contents ANTHROPOLOGICAL AND ETHNOLOGICAL REPORTS ASSESSMENT AND REASSESSMENT REPORTS ORGANISATION AND REORGANISATION REPORTS ANTHROPOLOGICA L AND ETHNOLOGICAL REPORTS In order to understand the peoples of the Eastern Provinces, Their origin, social and political organisation with a view to reorganising the whole system, the colonial Administration in Nigeria engaged the services of British Anthropologist to collect and collate data on some communities in the Eastern Provinces. The information contained in these reports are veritable source material for the study of the early history of these communities. Also of importance is the information on ethnological Report of the people which is closely related to the Anthropological Reports. This part is divided into two sections. Section one deals with the Anthropological Reports while section two deals with the Ethnological Reports. FILE NO.56

37. Nigeria: Ethnicity, Location And Relationships to Christianity or to a local indigenous religion, and Congo family, related to theIdoma and Igala of region, history, and leadership among Nigeria's peoples. http://www.carnelian-international.com/nigeria/Ethnicity.htm

Nigeria : Ethnicity, Location and Relationships The Northern Area The best known of the northern peoples, often spoken of as coterminous with the north, are the Hausa. The term refers also to a language spoken indigenously by savanna peoples spread across the far north from Nigeria's western boundary eastward to Borno State and into much of the territory of southern Niger. The core area lies in the region in the north and northwest where about 30 percent of all Hausa could be found. It also includes a common set of cultural practices and, with some notable exceptions, Islamic emirates that originally comprised a series of centralized governments and their surrounding subject towns and villages. These pre colonial emirates were still major features of local government in 1990. Each had a central citadel town that housed its ruling group of nobles and royalty served as the administrative, judicial, and military organization of these states. Traditionally, the major towns were also trading centres; some such as Kano, Zaria, or Katsina were urban conglomerations with populations of 25,000 to 100,000 in the nineteenth century. They had central markets, special wards for foreign traders, complex organizations of craft specialists, and religious leaders and organizations. They administered a hinterland of subject settlements through a hierarchy of officials, and they interacted with other states and ethnic groups in the region by links of warfare, raiding, trade, tribute, and alliances.

38. The Page Cannot Be Found while others, notably the idoma, remained politically in Southern Nigeria The Yorubapeoples of southwestern already vibrant class of indigenous businesspeople http://www.africana.com/Articles/tt_217.htm

Seems like there's been some kind of error. The link that brought you here is malfunctioning. The content you wish to view may have moved to another area of the site or may no longer be available. Apologies for the inconvenience. Let's try again!

39. Edofolks.com no elements of homogeneity in the peoples that occupied evolved as a medium of commonindigenous socially interwoven 56 Ibibio 23 Assaikio ~57 idoma 24 Ayere http://www.edofolks.com/html/pub37.htm

NIGERIA'S EVOLVED LINGUAL FRANCA TEACH YOURSELF GUOSA LANGUAGEBOOK 2 ALEX IGBINEWEKA. TEACH YOURSELF GUOSA LANGUAGEBOOK 2 ALEX IGBINEWEKA (The Evolver and Exponent of the Guosa Language) *20th Century Evolutions, Nigeria Guosa Publication Services, (April, 2000) External Office: P.O. Box 2797 Richmond, CA 94802-2797 Tèlìwáya/Tèlìyáh (Telephone/Telifax): (510) 233-9228 Síokòh (pager): (510) 389-0358 ISBN 978-30291-2-6 PRINTED AND PUBLISHED IN THE USA Ìfìnèrí: Introduction: In 1914, the Northern and Southern Protectorates of a colony, an administrative boundaries set up by the British colonialists, were dismantled and the colonies merged by Sir Frederick Lord Lugard. The merger became the first political turning point and a milestone development. It brought about the birth through the amalgamation of a unit geo-entity and nation called Nigeria. Consequently, Nigeria did not evolve through any known ethnographic origins. The amalgamation was cosmetic and that can be seen as such because there were no elements of homogeneity in the peoples that occupied the vast landmass. And then, in 1960, a new Nation State earned her right to self-determination and government. Nigeria, now a sovereign entity followed in the wake of the traditions willed to her by her colonialists. She readily embraced the English Language as her tentative Lingua-franca. This was not done in isolation as the country took due cognizance of the fact that Nigeria is a land of contrasts.

40. THISDAYonline Audu Ogbeh The idomaborn politician was quick to the Board of Trustees of the rulingPeoples Democratic Party into the records as the first indigenous coach to http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2001/12/22/20011222cov02.html

2001: Men Who Made the Difference Even though the year may have arguably had more downs than ups, some Nigerians still stood up to be counted either for the good or for bad. Osedebamen Isibor , Christian Ita, Shaka Momodu and Chris Nwachuku profile outstanding Nigerians of the out-going year Agbani Darego Safiya Hussaini Safiya Hussaini represents the direct opposite of the lot of the Nigerian woman that Darego stands for. For while Darego struts the world stage in the euphoria of hervictory, Safiya must wait for death in some dingy cell in Sokoto State - even as she nurses the baby that is both her joy and pain. Her offence? She committed adultery by getting pregnant out of wedlock. The Sharia legal system in operationin her state has pronounced death by stoning, and that she will get. The state government and Muslim leaders have already said that no amount of pressure and campaign can change the situation. Ironically, while Safiya has been condemned to die, the same authorities that found her guilty cannot find convincing evidence to nail the man who put her in the family way. And so, the man walks about a free person. Olusegun Obasanjo Atiku Abubakar Vice President Atiku Abubakar would also make the list - if for nothing else, at least for the stabilizing impact of his brand, and understaning, of politics. That he has kept his head while several others are losing their, at least in public, makes him worthy of emulation.

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