61. Real Estate Law And Legal Resources - Vandema statutes (called codes or compiled laws in some states), legislation (bills, amendmentsand similar documents) and session laws (bills that have become laws). http://www.vandema.com/Legal.htm

Real Estate Law and Legal Resources Vandema Commercial Real Estate Othe r Commercial or Residential Resources Forms, Contracts and other Documents Realtors® Code of Ethics and Standards of Practice - Covering duties to clients and customers, the public and other realtors. Nationwide Condo Law - Links to state condominium laws. Land-use law An overview with links to key primary and secondary sources. The Expropriation Law Centre - Useful source of information on Canadian expropriation law, including expropriation legislation, case law, news, articles, case reviews and comments and statistics. Foreclosure Process - The foreclosure process explained by state. Mexican Law Governing Real Estate Municipal Codes Online - Links to codes and ordinances for municipalities and counties in nearly all 50 states. Tax-Deferred Exchanges - A Layman's Guide to Section 1031 of the Internal Revenue Code. Canadian Glossary of Real-Estate Law - By Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School. County Codes and Ordinances - County codes and ordinances arranged by subject, state and county.

62. Overview Of Legislative Process These Chaptered bills (also referred to as Statutes of the year they were enacted)then become part of Codes are a comprehensive collection of laws grouped by http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/bil2lawx.html

OVERVIEW OF LEGISLATIVE PROCESS The process of government by which bills are considered and laws enacted is commonly referred to as the Legislative Process. The California State Legislature is made up of two houses: the Senate and the Assembly. There are 40 Senators and 80 Assembly Members representing the people of the State of California. The Legislature has a legislative calendar containing important dates of activities during its two-year session. Idea All legislation begins as an idea or concept. Ideas and concepts can come from a variety of sources. The process begins when a Senator or Assembly Member decides to author a bill. The Author A Legislator sends the idea for the bill to the Legislative Counsel where it is drafted into the actual bill. The draft of the bill is returned to the Legislator for introduction. If the author is a Senator, the bill is introduced in the Senate. If the author is an Assembly Member, the bill is introduced in the Assembly. First Reading/Introduction A bill is introduced or read the first time when the bill number, the name of the author, and the descriptive title of the bill is read on the floor of the house. The bill is then sent to the Office of State Printing. No bill may be acted upon until 30 days has passed from the date of its introduction.

63. United States Constitution/Article One - Wikipedia Section 7 describes the procedure by which bills become law, including All billsfor raising uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on the http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Constitution/Article_One

Main Page Recent changes Edit this page Older versions Special pages Set my user preferences My watchlist Recently updated pages Upload image files Image list Registered users Site statistics Random article Orphaned articles Orphaned images Popular articles Most wanted articles Short articles Long articles Newly created articles Interlanguage links All pages by title Blocked IP addresses Maintenance page External book sources Printable version Talk Log in Help United States Constitution/Article One From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Article One of the United States Constitution creates the Legislative branch of the government , comprising a Senate and House of Representatives Article One, Section 1 states, in full: All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. Sections and describe the composition of the House of Representatives and the Senate respectively. The method of choosing Senators was amended to direct election by the Seventeenth Amendment Section 4 states, in full:

64. How Laws Are Made to pass bills, which is what our laws are known approval of each House before it canbecome legislation ie Most bills are Public bills and are introduced by http://www.parliament.tas.gov.au/tpl/backg/LawsMade.htm

HOW LAWS ARE MADE One of the most important things a Parliament does is to pass Bills, which is what our laws are known as when they are first debated by Parliament. Before a government Bill comes to Parliament the appropriate Minister must convince Cabinet to proceed with the legislative proposal it contains. After agreement is reached, the matter is passed to the Parliamentary Counsel, whose staff use their legal skills, with instructions from the Minister, Cabinet or the relevant government agency, to draft a Bill for Parliament to consider. BILLS: Definition A Bill can be defined as a document which contains a draft proposal for a new law, or an amending proposal for an alteration to an existing law. It must receive the approval of each House before it can become legislation - i.e. an Act , Statute or Law. Most bills are Public Bills and are introduced by the Minister whose agency will be responsible for implementing and administering the legislation. Any Member of Parliament is entitled to prepare and present a private member's Bill for debate, but because the Government of the day is in control of the proceedings it may be difficult for non-government Bills to receive the same consideration that government Bills receive. Similarly, any Member may propose

65. An Overview Of Federal Law Many bills never become law bills for all sessions from the 103 rd Congress on areavailable on laws After a bill has moved through both houses of Congress and http://www.sru.edu/pages/2126.asp

Search Slippery Rock University HOME Calendar Library Athletics ... Administration An Overview of Federal Law Boolean/Logical Operators Citation Style Guide Citing Journal Articles from Databases Downloading Guide ... Research Assistance document.write(document.title + ' '); Federal Law All three branches of the federal government produce law. The Legislative branch (Congress) produces statutory law. The Executive branch produces administrative law, or rules and regulations. The Judicial branch produces case law, which often interprets statutory law. Le gislative Branch Bills : Bills are proposed legislation that may be introduced in either the House of Representatives or the Senate and are the first step in the process of making statutory law. They are numbered sequentially within each two-year session of Congress. Many bills never become law. Bills for all sessions from the 103 rd Congress on are available on the Internet through GPO Access and the Library of Congress Thomas web site. Laws : After a bill has moved through both houses of Congress and been signed by the President, it becomes a law. It is first officially published as a slip law, a separately published law in an unbound, single-sheet or pamphlet form. A slip law is designated by a public law number indicating, first, the Congress in which it was enacted and, second, the chronological sequence of enactment within a given Congress, e.g. Public Law 104-28. Slip laws are available in the Reference Room at K U58 or on the Internet through

66. The Lawmakers Areas that the Scottish Parliament can pass laws on, include Health, Education,Local government I'm sorry, but as you can see, not all bills become law. http://www.scotland.gov.uk/pages/news/junior/jxa_28.aspx

08 April 2003 Home About News Publications ... Have your say Hi guys, Welcome to Junior Exec. This is the youth section, a fun kids' site wrapped around plenty of stuff about devolved government and the Scottish Parliament. There is a dash of history, some engagement with the environment, a cornucopia of curious facts, and an opportunity to tell the First Minister how to run the country. You can also let us know about the kind of things you want to see on the site. Bookmark us now. How a Bill is passed in Scotland Before laws are passed in Scotland, they must first be heard in parliament in the form of a bill. The Scottish Parliament decides upon laws that relate specifically to Scotland while the Westminster Parliament passes laws covering the United Kingdom as a whole. Areas that the Scottish Parliament can pass laws on, include: Health, Education, Local government, housing, law and home affairs, Environment, Agriculture, Sport, Arts and culture. Let's invent a bill and see the different stages it must go through before becoming law. What about a bill to make the school day shorter?

67. ARTFL Project Webster Dictionary, 1913 chief executive in a constitutional government may refuse assent to bills passedby the legislative body, which bills therefore fail to become laws unless upon http://machaut.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/WEBSTER.sh?WORD=Qualified

68. Making Laws Passing A Bill through Parliament. Parliament considers all bills on behalfof the public but not all of them become new laws. Parliament http://www.crights.org.uk/uwhat/laws.html

Making Laws Laws are rules that everyone in a country has to abide by. Some laws affect everyone in a country - those that say what crimes are for example. On the other hand, some laws only affect certain groups of people - laws relating to children in contact with social services for example, or laws connected with education. A law is called an Act of Parliament. Before something becomes a law, it is first written out as a Bill and introduced to Parliament. Some laws are rushed through Parliament in a couple of months while others can take many years to make because they are very complicated and the wording keeps getting changed or there might be strong opposition to them. Before a Bill is introduced in to parliament several things have to happen to it. The Bill has to be written out properly in a certain way that is acceptable to Parliament. It also has to be approved by the Cabinet because it is being presented in the name of the Government. Usually there will be a consultation with people who are likely to be affected by the Bill before it can be presented to Parliament. A consultation is organised by the government department that wants the Bill to be passed. Sometimes the Government will set out its ideas in a discussion paper known as a green paper.

69. Balancing Life And Work 2000, Berkeley High School In this project, students learn about the committee structure of the legislature,the process by which bills become laws, the role of the governor, the http://www.nwrel.org/ecc/new_humanities/berkeley/

School and project description Berkeley High School, Berkeley, CA Development of career goals and skills through integrated government, English, and computer applications curricula As a California Partnership Academy, the Berkeley High School Computer Academy develops computer-based technological expertise to assist students with a wide range of career goals. This integrated unit can be used in a communications pathway including advertising, journalism, public relations, publishing, TV, radio or film or a human services pathway including government, law, education or public service. In this integrated curriculum, we work with 50-60 Computer Academy juniors in government, English, and computer classes to produce public service announcements on issues currently before the California legislature or California voters. Students research the issues in the areas of education and criminal justice. They develop positions on those issues and, backed by facts and examples gleaned from their research, argue the issues in the form of a letter to a legislator. They then present their letters during a field trip to the California legislature in Sacramento.

70. University Of Illinois Albert E. Jenner Jr. Memorial Law Library -- Illinois Leg Many bills become law without having gone through a conference committee, however Thesemessages and statements appear in the laws of Illinois (before the text http://www.law.uiuc.edu/library/home/libguide/Refserv/leghistory.htm

Albert E. Jenner Jr. Memorial Law Library University of Illinois College of Law Illinois Legislative History When a statute is vaguely worded or key statutory terms are undefined, attorneys and others try to determine exactly what the General Assembly intended the law to mean by investigating the legislative history of the law. Legislative history refers both to the chronology of events that take place as a bill goes through the legislative process and the statements and documents generated during that process. These records of the process may contain remarks by the sponsor(s) of the legislation as to his/her/their intent in introducing the bill and the comments of other legislators regarding their understanding of the bill's purpose. Researchers of Illinois legislative intent are cautioned that it may not be possible to locate clear statements in the materials described in this guide because legislators frequently do not explain their intent or understanding in published sources. This guide identifies sources and describes techniques used in researching Illinois legislative history: Outline Bills a. Number

71. SecurityGeeks - A Shmoo Site - Security News For Smart People legislature has been streamed lined as new bills and laws that, what I do mind islaws that would Crypto export procedures have become more circumstantial as a http://securitygeeks.shmoo.com/index.php?topic=LawandBills

72. Quick Release, December 1993 the wellpublicized helmet law, three other bicycle-related bills have been workingtheir way through the California legislature. Two have become laws, and the http://www.sbbike.org/QR/1993/93.12/93.12.html

DECEMBER SELECT AN ARTICLE: Bicycle Coalition to become non-profit corporation Buellton, Solvang, Caltrans plan bikepath May '94 Bike Week considered How safe are bikepaths? ... Home Bicycle Coalition to become non-profit corporation Officers of the Santa Barbara Bicycle Coalition have been working on the structure and description of the organization as a prerequisite for incorporation. The Coalition will become a non-profit, tax-exempt 501(C)3 organization. With that status, individuals, businesses, organizations, and foundations would more likely contribute to our causes because donations would be tax deductible. The official set of bylaws that are being written will include descriptions of officers, a board of directors, election procedures, meeting frequency, members, committees, and voting procedures. Our membership status will need clarification. Currently, we have a mail list of 190 individuals to whom we send, without charge, Quick Release . We could keep it that way, but have noted that other bicycle advocacy groups in the stateat least eight othershave official paid membership. Stay tuned. Buellton, Solvang, Caltrans plan bikepath

73. STATUTORY CITATION IN PENNSYLVANIA which ultimately will be published in the Pamphlet laws, first were made site, however,fails to clearly indicate which bills ultimately become law. http://members.aol.com/StatutesP1/Citation.html

Pennsylvania Statutes Web Site STATUTORY CITATION IN PENNSYLVANIA by Thomas E. Martin, Jr., Esquire From time immemorial, the chronological published Laws of Pennsylvania have been referred to as the "Pamphlet Laws" [cited P.L. , the blank being a page number.] Statutes in their order of passage (sometimes referred to as the "Session Laws," ) which ultimately will be published in the Pamphlet Laws , first were made available on the World Wide Web through the offices of the late Italo Cappabianca, state representative from Erie County. Representative Cappabianca passed away in 2001, but was a pioneer in using the internet to distribute the law. More recently, the General Assembly has created an Electronic Bill Room where all bills which have been introduced can be seen. The Legislature site, however, fails to clearly indicate which bills ultimately become law. Further, a chronological list of statutes has limited usefulness for legal research. A topical arrangement is needed. In 1824, a lawyer named John Purdon (1784-1835) first published his digest of Pennsylvania statutes, and later editions of his topical, alphabetical arrangement of the laws have been valued ever since. Even today, his arrangement of Pennsylvania statutes is being followed in the legislative efforts to codify the Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes.

74. BBC NEWS | Programmes | BBC Parliament | Making New Law Sometimes new laws are needed to ensure that the UK prelegislative scrutiny ofdraft bills by specialist committiees will become as routine at http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/bbc_parliament/2290085.stm

CATEGORIES TV RADIO COMMUNICATE ... INDEX SEARCH You are in: Programmes: BBC Parliament News Front Page World ... Programmes SERVICES Daily E-mail News Ticker Mobile/PDAs Text Only ... Help EDITIONS Change to World Monday, 14 October, 2002, 11:37 GMT 12:37 UK Making New Law Following its first reading, a bill will have its second reading, within the next fortnight How a Bill works Making New Law Types of Bill Bill Procedure First Reading ... Delegated Legislation New law takes the form of a parliamentary Bill. It must go through several stages in both Houses of Parliament. The Bill then becomes an Act . The law undergoes constant reform in the courts as established principles are interpreted, clarified or reapplied to meet new circumstances. Occasionally old laws become outdated, and there is pressure on the Government to update the law. The Government may also wish to introduce new laws in line with its policies. During the late 1990s, for example, a series of Acts were passed in line with the Labour Government's programme for constitutional reform. Laws are made for the benefit of the citizens of the state. All citizens directly affected should be involved as fully and openly as possible in the processes by which statute law is prepared

75. Parliament Of South Africa - Bills In exceptional circumstances Parliament may even make laws in a by individual MPsare called private members’ bills. Before it can become a law, a bill must http://www.parliament.gov.za/pls/portal30/url/page/parliamentary_bills

76. Congress For Kids Making laws. Only members of the House may introduce bills that deal with taxes orspending. Before a bill can become a law, both houses of Congress must pass http://www.congressforkids.net/makinglaws.htm

Tour of Federal Government Original Thirteen Colonies Declaration of Independence Declaration, Part II ... Awards Making Laws A "bill" is introduced when a member of Congress decides to create a new law. Any member of Congress can introduce a bill. Only members of the House may introduce bills that deal with taxes or spending. Before a bill can become a law, both houses of Congress must pass identical versions of the bill. Once a bill is introduced in either house, it goes through almost the same process. Each bill is first assigned to a committee for review. The bill is tabled, or set aside, if the committee decides the bill is not worthy. The bill is sent to the entire house for debate if the committee decides the bill is worthy of further action. If the bill passes, it is sent to the other house. A joint committee works out any differences the two houses of Congress have concerning a bill. When both houses agree on a bill, a speaker of the house and the vice president signs it. The bill must be signed before being sent to the president. Show What You Know Review Learn More

77. Persuasive Politics bills become laws through a complex process and much of the activitytakes place outside of he voting floor of the state legislature. http://www.ss.ca.gov/museum/politics2.htm

Persuasive Politics By making selections on the table-top jukeboxes, visitors listen in on conversations that could be taking place in this recreated politicians' hangout. Conversation topics include water use, fishing regulations, and an instance in which a child succeeded in getting a law passed. In California, as elsewhere in the nation, the process of creating public policy consists of a mixture of free expression, conflict, negotiation, and compromise in which anyone may participate. Citizen-activists, lobbyists, legislators, state agency representatives, and others play a role in building consensus and making effective laws. Bills become laws through a complex process - and much of the activity takes place outside of he voting floor of the state legislature. Among the many places in Sacramento where legislative negotiations have thrived in a more informal setting are some of the city's restaurants of local legend - Frank Fat's, Posey's, the El Mirador, the Senator Hotel, and the Capitol Tamale, among others. In these establishments the political process has been actively pursued as issues and strategies are examined and debated.

78. Light At The End Of The Tunnel Pass more laws seems to have become the battle Jewish daycare center into a would-bekilling field, Governor Gray Davis signed a trio of bills which he http://www.crpa.org/dec99tunnel.htm

From The California Rifle and Pistol Association, Inc. Publication The Firing Line December 1999 SOME LIGHT AT THE END OF THE TUNNEL Submitted by Ronald L. Calhoun Kings County District Attorney and CRPA Member The following is an editorial that ran in the Hanford Sentinel (California) in September 1999. In the past this newspaper has been fairly liberal of its views. However, it appears that some common sense has begun to take over. I would like to share this with you, as it appears that the message regarding the feel good laws that have been passed over the actual substance of prosecution is getting through. Laws for the sake of laws "Music hath charms to soothe the savage beast; this may be so but I would rather try a revolver on it first." - Josh Billings We need to toughen our gun control laws, goes the mantra in the wake of a series of senseless shootings in California and across the nation. "Pass more laws" seems to have become the battle cry in the national battle against gun violence. Indeed, less than a month after gunfire turned a San Fernando Valley Jewish day-care center into a would-be killing field, Governor Gray Davis signed a trio of bills which he called "the toughest gun control package of legislation in America."

79. InformationWeek > Privacy > State Internet Laws: Help Or Hindrance To Privacy Ef Internet hotbed, but it's trying to become the first some question whether individualstate laws will help a compromise on two online consumer privacy bills. http://www.informationweek.com/story/IWK20020411S0010

BUSINESS MANAGEMENT State Internet Laws: Help Or Hindrance To Privacy Efforts? April 11, 2002 Minnesota legislators are hammering out differences in an Internet privacy bill that's expected to become law as some question whether such efforts only muddle the privacy issue. By Sandra Swanson Minnesota isn't necessarily known as an Internet hotbed, but it's trying to become the first state to control how Internet service providers share customers' personal data. But some question whether individual state laws will help or hinder privacy efforts overall. On Monday, Minnesota legislators will meet to work out a compromise on two online consumer privacy bills. The main point of contention is whether consumers should "opt in" or "opt out" when ISPs want permission to market their information. The Senate bill, sponsored by Sen. Steve Kelley (D-Hopkins), would prevent ISPs from sharing customer information unless individuals provide permission. The House version, sponsored by House Majority Leader Tim Pawlenty (R-Eagan), lets ISPs market customer information unless those customers indicate they don't want their data to be shared. Once legislators reach a compromisepossibly by the end of next weekthe resulting bill is expected to be approved and sent to the governor. The bills met little resistance in late March, when the Senate passed its bill 65-0 and the House passed its version 126-2. Still, there likely will be rough waters ahead. State regulation of the Internet is not a simple process, says Barry Hurewitz, an attorney with law firm Hale and Dorr LLP in Washington, D.C. He points to federal restrictions on state regulation of interstate commerce as one complicating factor. "It's subject to very strict scrutiny, and state regulation often does not pass muster under those federal standards," says Hurewitz.

80. California State Capitol Museum: Citizens' Guide: Lifecycle Of A Bill district. Proposals for new laws are called bills. To become a law,a bill must successfully pass through a number of steps. Use http://www.capitolmuseum.ca.gov/english/citizens/lifecycle/

The Legislature functions to create laws that represent the best interests of the citizens within each legislative district. Proposals for new laws are called bills. To become a law, a bill must successfully pass through a number of steps. Use your mouse to explore the image below and learn more about each step in the lifecycle of a bill. This is an interactive image that illustrates the steps a bill must take before becoming a law. The text below is provided as an alternative to viewing the interactive image above. 1. Idea All legislation begins as an idea. Ideas can come from anyone. The process begins when someone persuades a Senator or Assembly member to author a bill. A Legislator, who acts as the author, sends the idea and language for the bill to the Legislative Counsel where it is drafted into the actual bill. The drafted bill is returned to the Legislator for introduction. 2. First Reading A bill's first reading is when the Clerk reads the bill number, the name of the author, and the descriptive title of the bill. The bill is then sent electronically to the Office of State Printing. A bill must be in print for 30 days, giving time for public review, before it can be acted on. 3. Committee Hearings

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