41. Aboriginal English A general description of Australian Aboriginal English, including examples of vocabulary, grammar, and phonology. http://www.une.edu.au/langnet/aboriginal.htm

home definitions other descriptions classroom tips ... references Aboriginal English (written by Diana Eades) This page includes information on: background (history, attitudes, use, varieties) vocabulary sounds some grammatical features pragmatics ... resources BACKGROUND Introduction Aboriginal English is the name given to the various kinds of English spoken by Aboriginal people throughout Australia. Technically, the language varieties are dialects of English. They have much in common with other varieties of Australian English, but there are distinctive features of accent, grammar, words and meanings, as well as language use. These Aboriginal English features often show continuities with the traditional Aboriginal languages. In many subtle ways Aboriginal English is a powerful vehicle for the expression of Aboriginal identity. History Before the British invasion of Australia at the end of the eighteenth century, there were approximately 250 different indigenous languages spoken throughout the country, with approximately 600 dialects. The languages were very complex, and the differences between neighbouring languages were often as complicated as the differences between English and Spanish, for example.

42. General Grammar Exam general grammar Exam, Logo. For the second half of this exam, youwill have to have on hand a good desk dictionary. The American http://webster.commnet.edu/grammar/quizzes/niu/niu17.htm

General Grammar Exam For the second half of this exam, you will have to have on hand a good desk dictionary. The American Heritage College Dictionary , third edition, is recommended. Click within the small circle to the left of your choice for each answer. A javascript box will appear to tell you that your choice is correct or incorrect. After clicking "OK" within the javascript alert, you may try another answer or proceed to the next question if your first choice was correct. The phrase "prescriptively correct" means that other possibilities might be acceptable in informal writing or speech, but the prescriptively correct option would be most recommended for formal, academic writing. 1. Which of the following contains an illogical comparison or a mixed construction? A. I hired the man from whom John had heard from concerning his application. B. I hired the man from whom John had heard about concerning his application. C. I hired the man from whom John had heard of concerning his application. D. All of the above.

43. Kamtok A general description of Cameroon Pidgin English (Kamtok), including examples of vocabulary, grammar, and phonology. Written by Loreto Todd. http://www.une.edu.au/langnet/cameroon.htm

home definitions other descriptions classroom tips ... references Kamtok (Cameroon Pidgin) written by Loreto Todd (with help from Martin Jumbam and Herbert Wamey) This page includes information on: background (history, geography, use) vocabulary sounds grammar texts BACKGROUND Introduction Kamtok is the pidginised English of Cameroon. This English-related language has been a lingua franca in the country since at least the 1880s. The 35-year period since 1966 has seen dramatic changes in the attitude of speakers towards the language. Speakers have always recognised the usefulness of the language but, in early writings, it was frequently referred to as "Bad English", "Broken English" and "Bush English". Today, due mainly to its extended use in Churches and on Radio and Television, it is becoming known as Kamtok from Cameroon Talk, and is taking its place as a recognised medium of interaction. Geography Education is prized and at least 60% of the population is literate. The percentage is much higher in urban areas and lower among older rural women. All education is through the medium of either English or French and all young people are expected to be bilingual in the countries official languages. Approximately 50% of the population continues to follow their animist traditional religions, while 33% are Christian and 17% Muslim.

44. Indispensable Writing Resources: General Writing/Grammar Resources Sites Need writing help? This site contains the names and descriptions of keygeneral writing and grammar resources Internet sites. Indispensable http://www.quintcareers.com/writing/general_writing_resources.html

Indispensable Writing Resources A Complete Collection of Writing Essentials Where writers and job-seekers have all the tools needed to improve your writing and editing skills! About QuintCareers Free Newsletter Career Resources Job Sites ... Employer Resources Writing Resources: Indispensable Writing Resources Reference Material Web Search Engines Internet Reference Resources ... Web Writing Reference Sites Writing Library: General Writing Style Guides Subject-Specific Style Guides Writing Workshop: Good Writing Skills Awards, Honors, and Reviews A Guide to Writing/Grammar Resources Sites All the Web sites in this section are highly recommended for your use, but if we had to choose a few "must use" sites from the collection below, we would include Jack Lynch's Grammar and Style Notes ; and John Hewitt's Writer's Resource Center The Bard's Notebook Biographical Dictionary BookWire ... The Online English Grammar by Anthony Hughes. The Online Writery from the University of Missouri-Columbia. Rensselaer Writing Center Handouts The Research Paper Resources for Writers Resources for Writers and Writing Instructors from Jack Lynch. Resources and Writer-Related Links StudyWEB Tips for Writing Research Papers University of Texas Undergraduate Writer Center Handouts ... Write4Kids.com

45. Hawai`i Creole English general description of Hawai`i Creole English including examples of vocabulary, grammar and phonology. http://www.une.edu.au/langnet/hce.htm

home definitions other descriptions classroom tips ... references written by Ermile Hargrove, Kent Sakoda and Jeff Siegel This page includes information on: background (history, attitudes and use) vocabulary sounds grammar BACKGROUND History Attitudes and use Hawai'i Creole English (HCE) is usually called "Pidgin" in Hawai'i. It has a rich linguistic history based on the need for a common language among a diverse group of people who spoke different languages. It also has a dark side based on plantation domination and American English hegemony. HCE speakers have mixed feelings about the creole. HCE has often been denigrated as a sub-standard form of English. But with the efforts of local linguists and writers, people are now beginning to realize that the creole is a language separate from, but similar in appearance to, English. HCE can be heard on the playgrounds and in neighborhood conversations. It can also be heard on a few radio programs and in some advertising. On rare occasions, HCE is heard in more formalized situations, such as on the legislative floor and in the classroom. However, English and Hawaiian are the official languages of the legislature and standardized English is the official medium of instruction in the school system.

46. Guide To Grammar And Writing Darling for English courses at Capital Community College and for the general onlinepublic. Suggestions are always welcome. Questions about grammar and writing http://www.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/

Select from . . . * Guide (Home Page) * * Index * * Quizzes * * Sentence Parts / Functions * * FAQ * SENTENCE PARTS: adjectives adverbs conjunctions determiners interjections nouns objects prepositions pronouns subjects verbs.htm Abbreviations Articles / Determiners B/w 2 Independent Clauses Capitalization Case (of pronouns) Clauses: Essential Bldg Blocks Concise Sentences Confusable Words Diagramming Sentences Fragments Frequently Asked Questions Italics and Underlining Modifier Placement Objects (Dir/Ind.) Parallel Structures Passive vs Active Voice Phrases Plurals Possessives Pronouns / Antecedent Agrmnt * PUNCTUATION * apostrophes brackets colons commas dashes ellipses exclamation marks hyphens parentheses periods question marks quotation marks semicolons slashes Run-on Sentences Search Engine Sentence Combining Spelling Rules / Quizzes Subjects Subject-Verb Agreement Tense Sequence Transitions, Coherence Unbiased Language Using Numbers, Making Lists Verbs and Verbals Vocabulary Builders Paragraph Level Select from . . .

47. Singlish A general description of Singlish, including examples of vocabulary, grammar, and phonology. http://www.une.edu.au/langnet/singlish.htm

home definitions other descriptions classroom tips ... references Singapore Colloquial English (Singlish) written by Anthea Fraser Gupta This section includes information on: background (history and use) vocabulary sounds grammar BACKGROUND Modern Singapore Over the nineteenth century the East India Company extended its influence, and gradually the British colonial government took over the areas which had been controlled by the East India Company, including Singapore. Singapore (with Penang and Malacca) was one of the Straits Settlements. For many years ruled from Calcutta, the capital of British India, it later was directly ruled from London. Nearly everyone in Singapore speaks more than one language, with many people speaking three or four. Most children grow up bilingual from infancy and learn more languages as they grow up. Naturally the presence of other languages (especially various varieties of Malay and of Chinese) has influenced the English of Singapore. The influence is especially apparent in the kind of English that is used informally, which is popularly called Singlish, but which is called Singapore Colloquial English or Colloquial Singapore English in most academic writing. Singlish is a badge of identity for many Singaporeans, and, as you can see from

48. General Grammar Translate this page Presentamos nuevas teorías, modelos y herramientas para entender y aprender mejortanto la Gramática general (común) como las lenguas particulares, y así http://www.generalgrammar.com/indexc.htm

Bienvenidos a GeneralGrammar.com Select language English Castellano GeneralGrammar.com S i estás interesado en las lenguas, en el aprendizaje y en visiones alternativas de las ciencias, de las humanidades y del conocimiento, entonces estás en el sitio adecuado. Aquí encontrarás un "anillo" o comunidad de páginas web dedicadas al estudio y la enseñanza de las relaciones entre "personas, palabras y cosas". Presentamos nuevas teorías, modelos y herramientas para entender y aprender mejor tanto la Gramática General (común) como las lenguas particulares, y así conseguir un mejor acceso a las ciencias, las artes, los textos y el conocimiento, como sugiere esta imagen de hace 500 años GeneralGrammar.com acaba de arrancar y tiene muchas áreas aún en obras: vuelve dentro de poco y comprueba las mejoras. Si te interesa nuestro proyecto, escríbenos y te diremos cómo colaborar La Gramática, con el Alfabeto en una mano y una llave en la otra, conduce a un niño hacia el Edificio de las Disciplinas

49. Tok Pisin A general description of Tok Pisin, including examples of vocabulary, grammar, and phonology. http://www.une.edu.au/langnet/tokpisin.htm

home definitions other descriptions classroom tips ... references Tok Pisin written by Jeff Siegel This page includes information on: background (history, current use and attitudes) vocabulary sounds grammar BACKGROUND History When the recruiting (and in some cases kidnapping) of islands labourers for plantations in Queensland began in 1863, many Melanesians found themselves literally in the same boat. The only common language they had was the simplified English they had learned, so they used that to communicate with each other on the ships and later on the plantations. With continued use, norms began to emerge and a stable pidgin language started to develop early Melanesian Pidgin. The earliest Queensland labourers were mainly from the New Hebrides (now Vanuatu) and the Solomon Islands. Labourers from German-controlled New Guinea only went to Queensland in 1883-84. Many more went to plantations in Samoa, from 1879-1912. Labourers from the other countries had also started going to Samoa in 1878, and many of these had already worked in Queensland. So early Melanesian Pidgin was transported to Samoa. However, after 1885, no more labourers from the New Hebrides or Solomons went to Samoa, and early Melanesian pidgin began to diverge into two slightly different varieties one spoken in Queensland and one in Samoa.

50. Proyecto General Grammar Translate this page Volver a generalgrammar.com, PROYECTO general grammar. Select language.En noviembre de 2.000 registramos http://www.generalgrammar.com/messobrec.htm

PROYECTO GENERAL GRAMMAR Select language English Castellano E n noviembre de 2.000 registramos en hostsave el dominio GeneralGrammar.com, y el último mes del año (y del siglo!) empezamos la construcción de este sitio con la ayuda y soporte técnico de nuestro webmaster, Josep-Lluís Bernat, y la colaboración de diversos amigos y gente interesada en las lenguas, la investigación y la educación. Desde hacía tiempo veníamos preparándolo y dándole vueltas a la idea, porque el modelo gramatical que difundimos desde hace unos años se adapta especialmente bien a la estructura y funcionamiento de la web (podéis consultar la Historia y Aplicaciones del Proyecto , si queréis saber más). Así, en este sitio podréis consultar los avances, descubrimientos, aplicaciones y relaciones de nuestra teoría lingüística, y sacar provecho, tanto si queréis simplement aprender un poco más sobre el lenguaje (o una lengua en particular), com si tenéis aspiraciones más ambiciosas. Nuestro objetivo es crear un sitio que funcione como centro de conexión (o panel de control) de diversas disciplinas, investigaciones y recursos educativos, pero nuestra prioridad es el lenguaje y la gramática. Por eso, nuestra sección principal es la

51. African American Vernacular English A general description of African American English (Ebonics), including examples of vocabulary, grammar, and phonology. http://www.une.edu.au/langnet/aave.htm

home definitions other descriptions classroom tips ... references African American Vernacular English (Ebonics) written by Jack Sidnell This page includes information on: background (history, attitudes and use) vocabulary sounds grammar BACKGROUND African American Vernacular English (AAVE) is the variety formerly known as Black English Vernacular or Vernacular Black English among sociolinguists, and commonly called Ebonics outside the academic community. While some features of AAVE are apparently unique to this variety, in its structure it also shows many commonalties with other varieties including a number of standard and nonstandard English varieties spoken in the US and the Caribbean. AAVE has been at the heart of several public debates and the analysis of this variety has also sparked and sustained debates among sociolinguists. The history of AAVE and its genetic affiliation, by which we mean what language varieties it is related to, are also a matter of controversy. Some scholars contend that AAVE developed out of the contact between speakers of West African languages and speakers of vernacular English varieties. According to such a view, West Africans learnt English on plantations in the southern Coastal States (Georgia, South Carolina, etc.) from a very small number of native speakers (the indentured laborers). Some suggest that this led to the development of a rudimentary pidgin which was later expanded through a process of creolization.

52. Computational Syntax And Semantics At NYU me to develop the graphics for a hypertext introduction to generative grammar andProlog In general, the best idea for a student is to do all the course work http://www.nyu.edu/pages/linguistics/

Computational Syntax and Semantics at New York University http://www.nyu.edu/pages/linguistics Prof. Ray C. Dougherty New York University Linguistics Department GENERAL ... FIRST DOT If you have any comments about these pages, please let us know. Should we place more of these pages on line? Do you benefit from these pages? If you are a student at NYU, you may help in developing these pages, see the HTML Gesellschaft . Your ideas and comments will lead to modifications and improvements. The New York University Linguistics Department offers both undergraduate and graduate courses . For research and course offerings by other department members, look under their home pages. If you know absolutely nothing about Noam Chomsky, generative grammar, and Prolog start at the first dot . This site is heavily graphics oriented and contains animations . If you cannot see the following pictures, you may have some troubles. If you click on them, they should get bigger. 1. Research opportunities in computational syntax and semantics. 2. Courses offered in computational syntax and semantics. 3. The HTML Gesellschaft mit Stammtische. 4. Beginner's Workbook in Computational Linguistics. ... 1. Research opportunities in computational syntax and semantics. Most of the pages here describe how to implement the generative grammar theories of Noam Chomsky into a logical constraint based system (like Prolog) using computer languages oriented towards symbolic processing, like LISP and Prolog. The basic methodology and conceptual underpinnings of the implementations derive from the philosophical concepts of Charles Sanders Peirce, in particular, his ideas of pragmatism and failability (or fallability).

53. Marathi Language general information about the Marathi language, including its script, grammar, and dialects. http://members.tripod.com/~marathi/marathi.html

Marathi Language This section is written by Nilesh Savargaonkar(nilesh@iastate.edu) Origins of Marathi Language Marathi Script Word Formation Gender ... Dialects Origins of Marathi Language Marathi is the language spoken by the native people of Maharashtra. Marathi belongs to the group of Indo-Aryan languages which are a part of the larger of group of Indo-European languages, all of which can be traced back to a common root. Among the Indo-Aryan languages, Marathi is the southern-most language. All of the Indo-Aryan languages originated from Sanskrit . Three Prakrit languages, simpler in structure, emerged from Sanskrit. These were Saurseni Magadhi and Maharashtri. Marathi is said to be a descendent of Maharashtri which was the Prakrit spoken by people residing in the region of Maharashtra. The odyssey of written Marathi begins from 11th century AD from stone inscriptions and copper plates. Long before this, Marathi must have been spoken by the people living in the region. The earliest reference to spoken Marathi is found in the 8th century poem "kuvalaymAlA" of Udyotansuri. Marathi was the court language during the reign of the Yadava Kings. There are various stone inscriptions in Marathi found at Akshi in Raigad (former Colaba) district, Patan, Pandharpur, Dive-Agra etc. The most famous among these is the one found at the bottom of the statue of Gomateshwar (Bahubali) at SravaN BeLgoLa in Karnataka. This inscription goes like

54. Grammar Exercises Index These interactive Spanish grammar exercises were created using JavaScript and workbest object pronouns le or lo Subject and object pronouns general review 1 http://www.trinity.edu/mstroud/grammar/

Spanish Grammar Exercises In addition, these exercises require the use of accents. For information on using the built-in accents via the US-International keyboard in Windows 95 and 98, see the following page: http://www.trinity.edu/departments/modern_languages/spanish/accents.html For suggestions and comments, please contact Matthew D. Stroud , Department of Modern Languages, Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas 78212 Adjectives Comparatives and superlatives Conjunctions Conjunctions Prepositions Por o para: Exercise 1 Por o para: Exercise 2 A, de o en A, con, de o en: 1 ... A, con, de, en, entre, hasta, para, or por Pronouns Reflexive pronouns Indirect vs. direct object pronouns: le or ... Relative pronouns 3 Verb Forms Present indicative verbs with irregular yo-forms Present indicative stem changing verbs (all types) Present indicative reflexive verbs Present indicative (all) 1 ... Imperfect forms 1 (Regular verbs) Imperfect forms 2 (Irregular verbs) Imperfect forms 3 (All verbs) Formation of the preterit: Overview and explanation Preterit forms 1 (Regular verbs: beginning level) Preterit forms 2 (Verbs with spelling changes: beginning level) Preterit forms 3 (Unaccented and irregular verb forms: beginning level) Preterit forms 4 (Stem changing -ir verbs: beginning level) Preterit forms 5 (All verbs: beginning level) Preterit forms 7 (All verbs: intermediate level) Preterit forms 8 (All verbs: intermediate level) Preterit forms 6 (All verbs: beginning level) Past subjunctive 1 Past subjunctive 2 Verb Usage

55. Tahitian Academy Information on the organization responsible for safeguarding and enriching the Tahitian language, normalizing vocabulary, grammar and spelling, promoting publication of books in Tahitian and general education in the language. http://www.tahitinet.com/presense/academy.html

THE TAHITIAN ACADEMY The Tahitian Academy was created by a vote of the Territorial Assembly on August 2, 1972. It was inaugurated on July 2, 1974 by the Governor Daniel Videau and its statutes were approved by the Territorial Assembly on December 5, 1974. The Academy is aimed at safeguarding and enriching the Tahitian language, normalislng the vocabulary, the grammar and the spelling, promoting the publication of books in Tahitian as well as the generalized teaching of the language. Since its foundation, the Academy has written, in collaboration with the Territorial Education Service, the books used for teaching Tahitian in the primary schools. In 1987 it wrote and published a huge grammar (T: tarame) of the Tahitian language (500 ex. in bond version and 2,500 ex. in paperback version) aimed at enacting precise official grammatical and orthographical rules. It searches for the translation of words related to specialized fields of activity (navigation, medicine, meteorology, etc) for which it has until now published two vocabularies. The Academy has also published two volumes of words of contemporary Tahitian which were not listed in the usual dictionaries. Each year, it organizes literary competitions aimed at finding the best works from which abstracts are thereafter published in anthologies by the Academy. Until now two such anthologies have been printed.

56. Quia - General Grammar Quia Home Help Instructor Zone Student Zone Log In, Subscribe Now. Popups,30-Day Free trial. general grammar. Create your own activities http://www.quia.com/pop/30839.html

Pop-ups General Grammar Activity created by: Daniel Hoisington

57. Austin English Academy -- ESL, TOEFL, Language School In Austin, Texas Offers small classes for multiple levels for general English, TOEFL preparation, conversation and grammar. http://www.austinenglishacademy.com/index.htm

Austin English Academy is an ESL School which offers small classes in a home-like environment. This English language school is intended for adults and has a very flexible program. Classes are available in grammar, conversation, pronunciation, idioms, TOEFL, reading and listening. Contents Austin English Academy is an ESL School which offers small classes in a home-like environment. This English language school is intended for adults and has a very flexible program. Classes are available in grammar, conversation, pronunciation, idioms, TOEFL, reading and listening. Contents

58. Quia - Latin 1B: Stage 15 - General Grammar Review Latin 1B Stage 15 general grammar Review. So, how are you on identifyingforms? How about a review? All questions are based on http://www.quia.com/tq/265914.html

Quiz Latin 1B: Stage 15 - General Grammar Review So, how are you on identifying forms? How about a review? All questions are based on this passage: multi Romani Cogodubno res pretoiosas dabant. donum, quod regem maxime delectavit, erat equus. Quiz created by: Ginny Lindzey

59. Stevenson Language Skills | General Description above. Bonuses. Writing We link grammar to composition. Students building.Fun - Students enjoy succeeding. general Information. If http://www.stevensonsemple.com/grammar/description.htm

SLS Programs: Stevenson Reading Semple Math Cursive Writing Essential Grammar Other Programs Latest News Consulting Services Our Newsletter: ... Teaching Resources Grrrrrrrrrrrammar!!!!!!!! Contents: Overview List of Materials Order Form (PDF) Don't growl over grammar. Try our new approach and both you and your students will be smiling! Do your students think that grammar class is torture? Can they tell a pronoun from a preposition, an indirect object from a direct object? Do they forget grammar rules as soon as they learn them? And even if they remember, can they apply them? Stevenson's Essential Grammar is a different method which uses mnemonic clues to improve memory and draw on the strengths of the right side of the brain. We have used our years of experience solving the toughest educational problems to simplify the teaching of grammar. You no longer need to listen to half your class groan in confusion while the others groan in boredom. Everyone will enjoy the lessons and those who usually lag behind will shine. Stevenson Students will: REMEMBER - We make the abstract concrete. We use special techniques (mnemonics) so students do not have to memorize strange technical terms by rote. They will know grammar a year later as well as the week they learned it.

60. Calday Grange Grammar School > Select Section Password Calday Grange grammar School . general Studies. general Studies at Calday.Staff Area. http//www.secondaryschoolsonline.co.uk/schools/caldaygrange. http://www.secondaryschoolsonline.co.uk/clubs_list.asp?groupid=1091&unionid=73

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