21. Understanding Gene Testing Identifying (dna) Bases. Searching Disease Families. gene Markers. genetic Tests FindMutations, NOT Disease. Benefits of gene testing. Limitations of gene testing. http://rex.nci.nih.gov/behindthenews/ugt/ugtcontents.htm

Contents Genes in the News DNA Chemical Bases in DNA DNA Molecules ... Technical Concerns

22. MEL Gene Testing, Genetic Research And Biotechnology source of information about genes in education (dna) Learning Center Science magazineHuman Genome Special Issue; Understanding gene testing National Health http://mel.lib.mi.us/health/health-genetics.html

Michigan.gov Home HAL Home MeL Internet MeL Magazines and eBooks Health Information Resources About the Health Collection Back to the Health Index Medline Evaluating Health Information ... Michigan Health and Hospitals Gene Testing, Genetic Research and Biotechnology American Museum of Natural History The Genomic Revolution Biotechnology pages at the National Health Museum Blazing a Genetic Trail, Families and Scientists Join in Seeking the Flawed Genes that Cause Disease. A report from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Cancer Genome Anatomy Project (CGAP) National Cancer Institute and the National Center for Biotechnolgy Information of the National Library of Medicine. Highly technical. DNA From the Beginning an online, animated genetics primer that takes a person from basic concepts of inheritance through up-to-the minute methods of DNA analysis. Includes the "Gene Almanac-a timely source of information about genes in education DNA Learning Center - Cold Spring Harbor in collaboration with the National Human Genome Research Institute GeneLetter - an online genetics magazine The Genome Database - Established at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, USA in 1990, the Genome Database (GDB) is the official central repository for genomic mapping data resulting from the Human Genome Initiative

23. The Dolan DNA Learning Center - Genes In Education. The Web-site Of The Dolan DN genetic screening, extrachromosomal (dna), mitochondrial (dna) (mt(dna)), gene technology,disease genes, gene therapy, genetic testing, inherited diseases http://vector.cshl.org/

...more Visit the third release of the new DNA Interactive web site: Manipulation Discover how techniques were developed to isolate genes and manipulate DNA. In video interviews, scientists discuss the breakthroughs that led to the ability to move or recombine DNA between species, and some of the consequences of the technological revolution ushered in by recombinant DNA. Don't forget to travel the DNA Timeline and explore Code . Watch DNAi as it grows over the next several weeks. Great summer opportunities for teachers! Enjoy a stimulating summer at a DNA Learning Center workshop. Play a role in moving biology education into the future at the DNA Boot Camp (the Pfizer Leadership Institute in Human and Plant Genomics). Or, catch up with the new field of Bioinformatics at one of six workshops held at sites nationwide. Follow the links for information and application materials. We hope to see you soon! DNA Science: A First Course (2nd Edition) Download a sample chapter NOW!

24. MoSt GeNe/Genetic Drift/DNA Testing For Hereditary Hemochromatosis a small percentage of Caucasian HH patients have a defect unlinked to the HLAHgene, and that will not be detected by the current targeted (dna) testing. http://www.mostgene.org/gd/gdvol14c.htm

Previous Section This Issue- Table of Contents Next Section Molecular Genetic Testing in Mainstream Medicine Vol. 14: Spring, 1997 DNA Testing for Hereditary Hemochromatosis Introduction Key Points The HH gene and mutations Indications for DNA testing ... Illustrative case report Introduction Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is regarded as the most common genetic disorder in Caucasians, with an estimated prevalence of 1/200-1/400 (homozygotes) and a carrier frequency (heterozygotes) of 1/8-1/10. It is an excellent example of a common genetic disorder with high morbidity and mortality which is preventable if diagnosed early. A DNA test for hemochromatosis has recently become available and will be a valuable aid for early detection of this disorder. Hemochromatosis is characterized by increased iron absorption in the intestine, resulting in a gradual build-up of excess iron (iron overload). Most homozygotes develop symptoms in adulthood, although the age of onset has been as young as 2 years. Heterozygotes are usually asymptomatic. Early symptoms in homozygotes are multisystemic and often non-specific, including malaise, fatigue, impotence, abdominal pain, or joint pain. As iron storage increases, deposits occur in organs such as the liver, heart, and pancreas, leading to organ damage and dysfunction.

25. MoSt GeNe/Genetic Drift/Genetic Testing For Prader-Willi And Angelman Syndromes is a possibility of maternally inherited single gene or imprinting defects. Laboratorytesting for PWS/AS Over the past few years, (dna) testing for imprinting http://www.mostgene.org/gd/gdvol14h.htm

Previous Section This Issue- Table of Contents Next Section Molecular Genetic Testing in Mainstream Medicine Vol. 14: Spring, 1997 Genetic Testing for Prader-Willi and Angelman Syndromes Introduction Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) Angelman Syndrome (AS) Laboratory Testing for PWS/AS ... Illustrative Case Report Introduction The Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes are distinct mental retardation disorders, but frequently discussed together because both are due to genetic abnormalities of chromosome 15. Genetic testing for these disorders has improved markedly over the last 15 years, reflecting our understanding of the molecular basis of these two conditions. This review will summarize the clinical findings, history of genetic testing and understanding of the basis of these conditions, and current recommendations for testing with a case example. Both syndromes can be diagnosed by history and physical examination, but the laboratory tests are helpful for clinical confirmation, in very young patients where a phenotype has not evolved, in prenatal diagnosis, and in defining recurrence risks. Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) Mental retardation, hypogonadism, hypotonia, obesity, characteristic facial appearance

26. Solutions By Sequence-RB Gene Testing Definitions Exon, Part of the (dna) of a gene that codes for parts of the protein.gene. Intron, Part of the (dna) of a gene that does not code for protein. http://www.solutionsbysequence.com/frame_definitions.html

Allele Individual variant versions of a gene. Individuals have two copies of each gene called alleles, one on each chromosome. Chromosome A bundle of coiled DNA visible under a microscope. Humans have 22 pairs of chromosomes and two unpaired sex chromosomes. DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid, the molecules that code for most life-forms on planet Earth Exon Part of the DNA of a gene that codes for parts of the protein Gene A Sequence of DNA that codes for a particular protein Genetic Counselor Professional who is trained to discuss, interpret and advise people about genetic disease and present treatment options Intron Part of the DNA of a gene that does not code for protein Mutation Variations in DNA sequence of a gene that damage function and may cause disease. Polymorphism A variation in DNA sequence that does not disrupt genetic function or cause disease. Proband The affected family member whose disease led to diagnosis of the family's mutation, usually the first affected person in a family.

27. Dna Gene Testing - Www.ezboard.com Author, Comment. pfoster Unregistered User (12/1/02 65022 pm) Reply, (dna) genetesting I am a new owner of Scottish Terriers and am interested in breeding. http://pub66.ezboard.com/fpetagonia98262frm1.showMessage?topicID=198.topic

28. Molecular Genetic Testing (DNA): Frequently Asked Questions with the disease, by (dna) analysis of the Gaucher gene. Individuals of Jewish ancestrycan now be offered the option of reliable Gaucher carrier testing as well http://www.givf.com/molgenv.cfm

MOLECULAR GENETIC TESTING (DNA): FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS CYSTIC FIBROSIS FRAGILE X SYNDROME GAUCHER DISEASE Cystic Fibrosis Testing Questions and Answers Did you know that: * Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a common, inherited childhood disease which may cause lung damage, pneumonia, and early death. * Approximately 1 in 25 women and men are carriers of this condition, even though they are completely healthy. * Most cystic fibrosis carriers have no family history of affected children. * If two cystic fibrosis carries have a child, that child has one chance in four of having the disease. * There is now a simple blood test that can identify most cystic fibrosis carriers before they have an affected child. * Cystic fibrosis can be diagnosed in the fetus early in pregnancy when both members of a couple are carriers by this blood test. What is Cystic Fibrosis? Cystic fibrosis is the most common severe inherited disease in whites. It is rarer in individuals of black or asian ancestry. The disease usually begins in infancy or childhood with recurrent lung problems (including pneumonia), intestinal difficulties, or poor growth. Treatments try to control these and other health problems; medications, frequent visits to physicians, and hospitalizations are almost always required. While there has been much improvement in the care of children with CF, many of the them still die in early childhood, and about half of all victims of CF die before they reach age 30.

29. Gene Testing: Right To Know the collection of blood samples, from which (dna) is extracted did not fully explainthe program and testing procedures to to tell the donors what a gene is and http://www.edu.cn/20010101/22705.shtml

HomePage English Special Reports Special Reports Gene Testing: Right To Know Related£º China Set to Become Major World Player in Gene Technology CERNIC CERNET . All rights r ese rved. China Education and Research Network document.write("");

30. ThinkQuest Library Of Entries geneticists look for certain types of the gene (alleles) to determine matches. nextsection. (dna) in the Courtroom. (dna) testing RFLP vs. PCR. http://library.thinkquest.org/19037/court2.html

Welcome to the ThinkQuest Internet Challenge of Entries The web site you have requested, The Gene School , is one of over 4000 student created entries in our Library. Before using our Library, please be sure that you have read and agreed to our To learn more about ThinkQuest. You can browse other ThinkQuest Library Entries To proceed to The Gene School click here Back to the Previous Page The Site you have Requested ... The Gene School click here to view this site A ThinkQuest Internet Challenge 1998 Entry Click image for the Site Languages : Site Desciption This is the place to study the science of genetics. Learn about the foundation of genetics starting with Robert Hooks' discovery of cells in 1655. Read about Gregor Mendel, the father of genetics. Learn the basics of genetics including DNA replication, cell division, and protein synthesis. Discover why creating dinosaurslike in the movie Jurassic Parkis not possible. There's an impressive glossary, experiments, quizzes, games, polls, and links for teachers. Students Dan Mark Morris Library WA, United States

31. ThinkQuest Library Of Entries Objections to (dna) testing Even though (dna) is so revolutionary and has aided in theprosecution of countless criminals, it hasn’t gone unnoticed by critics. http://library.thinkquest.org/19037/court4.html

Welcome to the ThinkQuest Internet Challenge of Entries The web site you have requested, The Gene School , is one of over 4000 student created entries in our Library. Before using our Library, please be sure that you have read and agreed to our To learn more about ThinkQuest. You can browse other ThinkQuest Library Entries To proceed to The Gene School click here Back to the Previous Page The Site you have Requested ... The Gene School click here to view this site A ThinkQuest Internet Challenge 1998 Entry Click image for the Site Languages : Site Desciption This is the place to study the science of genetics. Learn about the foundation of genetics starting with Robert Hooks' discovery of cells in 1655. Read about Gregor Mendel, the father of genetics. Learn the basics of genetics including DNA replication, cell division, and protein synthesis. Discover why creating dinosaurslike in the movie Jurassic Parkis not possible. There's an impressive glossary, experiments, quizzes, games, polls, and links for teachers. Students Dan Mark Morris Library WA, United States

32. DNA Testing (dna) kits are $60 each up to 4 kits. There is currently one university whohas developed a test kit relating to lethal white gene testing. http://www.aphaonline.com/HtmlHelp/DNA_Testing.htm

American Paint Horse Association P O Box 961023 Fort Worth, TX 76161 DNA Testing What is parentage verification and DNA testing? DNA testing allows APHA to obtain the genetic markers on a specific horse from a hair or blood sample to keep on file. It is most commonly done from a hair sample. Parentage verification is testing conducted to verify that the sire and dam of a specific horse are correctly identified. It involves performing DNA testing on the foal and dam, and using the DNA information on file for the sire to verify the pedigree. Parentage verification is required when a foal is produced using cooled semen or embryo transfer. How do I request a DNA kit? You may request a DNA Hair Sample Kit by calling or writing APHA or by making the request when you submit a new registration application. You must provide the name (and registration number of the horse to be tested (or if it is not registered you must submit the registration application) as well as a $60 per kit fee. Also include the name and address or membership id# where the kit is to be mailed. Do I have to have a vet pull the mane hair for a DNA kit?

33. New Zealand Retinoblastoma Gene Testing Service New Zealand Retinoblastoma gene testing Service. Two Dimensional gene Scanning(TDGS) of the Retinoblastoma gene Size Separation of (dna) 600bp100bp. http://www.chmeds.ac.nz/research/retinoblastoma/techniques.htm

New Zealand Retinoblastoma Gene Testing Service The Christchurch School of Medicine,University of Otago, New Zealand Home General Information Family to be Tested Two Dimensional gene Scanning (TDGS) of the Retinoblastoma gene ... Restriction Analysis Family to be Tested: Two Dimensional Gene Scanning (TDGS) of the Retinoblastoma Gene: Normal Patient Size Separation of DNA Size Separation TDGS analysis allows rapid detection of genetic mutations in the RB1 gene. The affected exon 18 (arrowed right panel) is clearly different to the normal control (arrowed left panel). DNA Sequencing: DNA sequencing of exon 18 derived from an individual with high retinoblastoma risk. The DNA sequence (right four lanes) shows a mutation (asterisk) which changes an amino acid histidine to a tyrosine in the RB1 gene. The patient's child (left four lanes) is clearly normal and has no risk of developing retinoblastoma or passing the mutation to the next generation. Restriction Analysis: Tracking a retinoblastoma gene by restriction analysis. After DNA amplification by the polymerase chain reaction, the mutant sequence (white arrow) is distinguished from the normal (yellow arrows). The DNA from the affected child was derived from kidney tissue that had been preserved in wax. These results indicate that the unaffected child has no genetically predisposing factors that can lead to retinoblastoma.

34. New Zealand Retinoblastoma Gene Testing Service (dna) analysis requires Consent Forms for gene testing and possible research guardiansto receive appropriate genetic counselling on implications of (dna) testing. http://www.chmeds.ac.nz/research/retinoblastoma/samples.htm

New Zealand Retinoblastoma Gene Testing Service The Christchurch School of Medicine,University of Otago, New Zealand Home General Information DNA analysis requires: Consent Forms for gene testing and possible research. 10mls EDTA blood (purple top tube ) from patient. 10mls EDTA blood from both parents. Consent forms to be signed by legal guardians. 5 mls blood in Lithium-Heparin tube (green top) to be sent to appropriate cytogenetic laboratory for chromosome or FISH analysis. Legal guardians to receive appropriate genetic counselling on implications of DNA testing. Tumour sample to be frozen immediately in liquid nitrogen. The tumour must be carefully dissected without blood or normal tissue contamination. Care must also be given to avoiding tumour material contaminating the optic nerve before histological analysis. Once removed the tumour is placed in a cryo-vial, which is then immediately placed in liquid nitrogen. After snap freezing the sample can then be stored at -80oC or in dry ice. The vial can then be shipped in dry ice on an overnight delivery to: Dr Anthony Raizis Department of Molecular Pathology

35. PhRMA Bioinformatics Magazine; (dna) Chips testing for Thousands of genetic Conditions onOne Sample, The gene Letter, Volume 2, Issue 1, August 1997; 9 http://bioinformatics.phrma.org/microarrays.html

HOME PhRMA Biodiversity Bioethics ... Lexicon Up-to-date news: Genomics Today Human Genome Project HUM-MOLGEN Genome News Network Last Update 7 Apr 2003 News Emerging Disease News Vaccine News Bioterrorism News ... BSE/Mad Cow News Current Genomics News Genetic Risk Factor For Parkinson's Disease Discovered , Duke University Medical Center Gene bank to recruit soon , BBC Cystic Fibrosis gene can be tricked , News 8 The structure behind the switch , Nature Immunology Brain gliomas progress as function of crucial gene is lost , University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center New technique gives scientists clearest picture yet of all the genes of an animal , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Plants developed to reduce soil salinity , Bangkok Post Co-existence of genetically modified and conventional crops: a roundtable on latest research results hosted by the European Commission , See Quest ACC: Gene Therapy Relieves Symptoms in Patients with Ischemic Coronary Artery Disease , Doctor's Guide Earlier News Researchers: New gene therapy may help with blocked arteries , Michigan Daily Gene tied to tooth-root formation identified , University at Buffalo Reporter GM crop sowing gains support , The Herald Sun Reeve speaks out for stem cell studies , New Haven Register Tucson woman to get state's first stem-cell transplant , AP Geron Reports Advances in Its Human Embryonic Stem Cell Programs , press release Genomics, Genetic Engineering, and Domestication of Crops

36. Genetic Testing Complicating issues of gene testing are the impact on future prospects for marriage genetictesting is accomplished through use of a (dna) probe that will http://jhhs.client.web-health.com/web-health/topics/GeneralHealth/generalhealths

Genetic Diseases Diagnosis: Genetic Disease Genetic testing is looking at DNA to diagnose a disorder or the likelihood of future disease. Genetic Testing What is genetic testing? Genetic testing is looking at DNA to diagnose a disorder or the likelihood of future disease. Uses of genetic testing are: Preconception Planning (referred to as "carrier testing") Prenatal Screening Newborn Screening Identification of a Predisposition to Develop Cancer [Currently only a handful of cancer screening tests are available: for instance BRCA-1 for risk of breast cancer . More genetic cancer screening tests are in the process of being devised.] In some circumstances, a positive gene test finding would: Enable the Doctor to Customize Medication to the Patient, in order to maximize effectiveness and minimize toxicity For instance, the treating physician could take into account how rapidly the person is expected to metabolize a particular drug compound in the liver for elimination from the body by the kidney Give the Patient the Opportunity to Consider Early Interventions, before the disease becomes disabling or does permanent damage

37. Men And DNA Testing Without (dna) testing, women can lie to children about who their father is and berewarded with eighteen or more years gene Activity Separates Us from Primates http://www.menstuff.org/issues/byissue/DNA.html

Fatherstuff Healthstuff Kidstuff Mencare ... Newsletter DNA Testing resources on DNA testing. Why do paternity testing? How do DNA tests usually work? Purposes of various kinds of testing Test Purpose/Samples Needed From ... Resources Why do paternity testing? Parental and Foresnsic Testing To establish an accurate medical history for the child. To prevent disputes in adoption To create a record for immigration To foster peace of mind for all involved parties To obtain child support. To determine the birth father. To determine the birth mother (cases of switching babies in the hospital shortly after birth.) How do DNA tests usually work? The test is based upon the principals of inheritance. A child gets one half of his/her genetic makeup from the mother and the other half from the biological father. The test reveals a control batch of genetic markers from all parties. The genetic markers that the child shares with the mother are first located. Then to determine paternity, the child's remaining markers are compared to the alleged father. If the man is indeed the father, all of the markers that did not match the mother's should match his. If all of the child's remaining markers match the alleged father, evidence is provided that he is the biological father of the child. If they do not match, he is excluded as the biological father of the child. When the mother is not tested, a larger batch of control markers are revealed from the alleged father and child. If these markers show tat the man is contributing half of the genetic makeup of the child, he is given evidence that he is the biological father of the child. If markers are found not to match between the alleged father and child, the man is excluded from being the biological father of the child.

38. Biotechnology Australia - Glossary gene testing Methods that identify the presence or absence of a of replacement ofa defective gene in an Recombinant (dna) techniques are used to isolate the http://www.biotechnology.gov.au/biotechnologyOnline/Resource/glossary.htm

Biotechnology glossary 1080 poison Sodium fluoroacetate, a highly poisonous substance used to control animal pests. adult stem cells Undifferentiated cells in a tissue. These cells can grow into any of the types of specialised cells in that tissue. anaemia A condition that is due to a reduced number of red blood cells or reduced amounts of haemoglobin within them. This results in reduced oxygen carrying capacity and reduced aerobic activity in body cells. antibodies Proteins produced by humans and higher animals in response to the presence of a specific antigen. anticoagulant Substance that prevents blood from clotting. Bacillus thuringiensis A species of soil bacterium that possesses a gene for a group of insecticides , the Bt toxins. Different strains of the bacterium produce different Bt toxins. The gene has been genetically engineered into cotton plants so that the plants produce the insecticide bacteria A large group of organisms that do not have organelles enclosed in cell membranes and have DNA in both a chromosome and circular plasmids . They have a protein and complex carbohydrate cell wall over a plasma membrane. base sequence The order of the chemical units (bases) adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine in

39. About DNA Testing For Von Hippel-Lindau itself. There are now a growing number of production laboratories in theworld equipped to do (dna) testing for the VHL gene. A production http://www.vhl.org/healthcare/dna-test.htm

Basic Facts About VHL Managing Your Health Information for Health Care Professionals Research ... Press Room Families, Friends, Physicians, and Researchers working together to improve diagnosis, treatment, and quality of life for people affected by von Hippel-Lindau disease. DNA Testing for VHL How it Works How to go about it Sources of DNA Testing worldwide DNA Testing for von Hippel-Lindau [From the March 1995 issue of VHL Family Forum. Last update 12/1/96. JWG] DNA Testing is one of the most frequent questions we receive these days. Since it is such a popular topic, we have prepared this information sheet to give you background on this subject. If you have additional questions, don't hesitate to contact us at 800-767-4VHL, 800-767-4845, or by fax to 617-734-8233, or via email to info@vhl.org Research versus "Production" Testing There are two kinds of laboratories: research labs and production testing labs. A production testing lab is like the one your doctor sends your routine blood and urine samples to, with the exception that in the case of DNA testing it takes a laboratory with special knowledge and equipment, and with special "DNA probes" which can be used to check for mutations in the VHL gene itself. There are now a growing number of production laboratories in the world equipped to do DNA testing for the VHL gene. A production lab is set up to receive samples for testing, apply the tests, and return the results to the doctor in a short and predictable period of time, with a report which the doctor can discuss with you.

40. DNA Diagnosis And SMA Hence, SMN gene deletion testing cannot be used to to the complexities of the SMAlocus, carrier testing is only This means that (dna) from an affected member of http://www.fsma.org/dnadiag.shtml

DNA Diagnosis and SMA Arthur H.M. Burghes, Ph.D. Associate Professor of Neurology and Director of the Neurogenetics Laboratory Ohio State University Recently, three chromosome 5 probes that detect deletions in autosomal recessive proximal Spinal Muscular Atrophy were reported. Two of these probes detect the same deletion (missing piece) which is observed in approximately 50% of Type I patients. The third probe, called Spinal Motor Neuron (SMN), was isolated by Judith Melki's group in France. SMN detects the absence of sequences in approximately 90-94% of SMA patients but is generally not absent in normal individuals, making this probe very useful for diagnosis of SMA. However, deletion of these sequences occurs indistinguishably in all three types of autosomal recessive SMA (Types 1, 11, and 111). Therefore, this probe cannot be used to indicate the severity of the disease. Indeed, in some rare families, two siblings can both have deletions of SMN, but in one case, the symptoms can be relatively typical of Type 11 or III SMA, whereas the other sibling will be considerably milder or even clinically normal. The reason for this variation is not clear at the present time, but it indicates that SMN gene testing should be used in conjunction with clinical examination and EMG testing.

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