61. ZOO Decin In the 1990´s this originally exclusive club of West european zoos was transformedina really European institution comprising also the states of former USSR. http://www.zoodecin.cz/en/cervkn.htm

Basic facts about RED DATA BOOK : In the course of editing of thisRed Data Book issue only 10 % of 1.7 million species so far identified has been assessed, and it is supposed that 1.7 million is just a fraction of really existing number of species. Conservation of endangered species On each continent a continental organisation of ZOOs is active, organising regional breeding programmes and formulating its specific strategies and tasks. In Europe EAZA - the European Association of ZOOs and Aquariums was established. In the 1990´s this originally exclusive club of West European ZOOs was transformed ina really European institution comprising also the states of former USSR. In the framework of EAZA the first so called European Endangered Species Programmes - EEP were established as a reaction to the similar programmes of some North American ZOOs. What is EEP? EEP is a tool of European ZOOs intended for the co-ordination of the breeding of a chosen animal species. All ZOOs but also private breeders breeding or intending to breed such a species can enter the programme. The programme is managed by a co-ordinator who issues recommendation for the relocation of animals, for establishingof pairs or groups, etc. Such a recommendation is no command but it is in the interest of every breeder to respect these recommendations otherwise such person’s participation in the programme would be contra-productive. There are many criteria for starting a new programme. Nevertheless the most important is the seriousness of the situation of a species in nature, number of individuals living in captivity, and the structure of genetic basis, i.e. a sufficient genetic variability of a given population in captivity. In case of a high degree of kinship or a higher number of old animals or if one sex prevails, a strengthening of such population with animals from programmes from other continents or from the wild can be considered.

62. E ezitt. european zoos Information Technology Training Project. Paignton ZOO, UK.University of Plymouth, UK. EAZA – European association of zoos and aquaria. http://www.zoodecin.cz/en/ezittaj.htm

e.z.i.t.t. European Zoos Information Technology Training Project This project is a pilot project which is a collaboration between several European Zoos and other organizations: Budapest ZOO, Hungary Decin ZOO, Czech Republic Dresden ZOO, Germany Dublin ZOO, Ireland Paignton ZOO, UK University of Plymouth, UK EAZA – European association of zoos and aquaria Times change and with those changes come the opportunity to share the knowledge and experiences of people from all over the world. With today’s technological advances in Information Communication Technology, it is possible for anyone to access information, even in those countries that have no formal framework for vocational training as yet. The aim of this project is to use up to date methods of communication to improve, and in some cases introduce, Zoo keeper training throughout Europe. The training programme is delivered vie the Internet, making is accessible world wide and a much more interactive way for keepers to learn. One of the main objectives is to improve, through training, the conditions of and attitudes towards keeping captive wild animals, and go some way towards standardising levels of care. The opportunity to share in each other’s experiences and to pass on husbandry tips are included in the package’s bulletin board, chat room and links pages.

63. Greifen Und Kognition AG Anthropology and Human Biology. Dipl.Biol. Nitsch, Marianne. DoctoralStudent Bachelor Gorilla Groups in european zoos. Western http://www.biologie.fu-berlin.de/humanbio/publnit.htm

AG Anthropology and Human Biology Dipl.-Biol. Nitsch, Marianne Doctoral Student Bachelor Gorilla Groups in European Zoos Western lowland gorillas ( Gorilla g. gorilla ) are usually housed in captivity in groups containing one adult male, several adult females, subadult and juvenile males and females, in accordance with what can be found by feral gorillas. Because of this polygyne structure and the encouraging breeding success, zoos face nowadays increasingly the problem of a "surplus" of male gorillas. Present knowledge on studies of feral and captive groups; indicate that if several adult males remain within on group, this can cause an increase in aggression between them. Thus, quite often these males are kept solitary. The occurrence of bachelor groups among feral mountain gorillas ( Gorilla g. berengei ) facilitated the idea to keep bachelor groups in various zoos throughout Europe and the USA. The research goal of this project, for my Ph.D., was to investigate the social behavioral dynamics among bachelor groups of western lowland gorillas in European zoos. The project was twofold: I) studying the group formation of such a group and II) observing a group that was already established for a couple of years. Keeping bachelor groups in zoological gardens provides these males with the necessary social environment which is important firstly, for the psychological well-being of the individuals and secondly, to maintain a viable population as a genetic "reservoir" for a successful integration into social breeding groups later on.

64. Moscow Zoo The Moscow zoo actively participates in this cooperation we support constant contactswith the majority of NorthAmerican and european zoos, our contacts with http://www.zoo.ru/moscow/area_e14.htm

Map of cooperations of Moscow zoo... µ°RAZ° O ne of the most significant features of the modern zoo is interzoo cooperation.The possibilities of obtaining new animals from the wild are extremely limited and decrease every year. Besides, the conservational role of the zoos requires that they did not "consume", but "produce" animals. Thus the captive populations of rare species should obviously be selfsustainable. T he long-termed reproduction of the restricted number of animals inevitably results in the inbreeding effects, but there are hardly zoo that can afford keeping quite large groups of the animals of the same species. Therefor, the only way to provide of genetic health of zoo populations is a worldwide cooperation among zoos. Only such cooperation can allow zoo populations to exist for a long time, and in appropriate circumstance even enable to carry out reintroduction. The more animals kept in different conditions take part in breeding, the more are the chances for success. For a long time zoos all over the world are participating in regional (European Association of Zoos and Aquariums, American. Association of Zoos and Aquariums, Euro-Asian Regional Association of Zoos and Aquariums ) and Global organizations. Within the framework of these organizations zoos carefully register every specimen of endangered species in their collections, develop and accomplish special projects of breeding of endangered species, using appropriate systems of animal exchanges between the zoos. These programs generally provide successful implementations of cooperation.

65. Tuli Elephant Debacle The NSPCA were denied the Movement Permits and Ghiazza managed to persuadethe Magistrate to allow 7 of the elephants to go to european zoos. http://www.sheldrickwildlifetrust.org/html/tuli_elephant_debacle.html

THE TULI ELEPHANT DEBACLE At the end of July 1998 30 elephant calves, all aged between 2 and 7 were violently snatched from their living families in the Tuli Block in Botswana. Their mothers had to be forcibly prevented with vehicles, helicopters and immobilising drugs from rescuing them. The calves were transferred by road to Hartebeespoort Dam near Pretoria where they were subjected to brutal training by Indonesian Mahouts. The front legs were tightly hobbled and the back legs chained in a stretched position, unable to lie down, and deprived of adequate water and nutrition, beaten repeatedly with rubber whips and ankuses. On 2 nd September 1998, the National Council for the Societies for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (NSPCA) obtained a search warrant and the right to film the elephants. This video was sent to Expert witnesses who submitted affidavits for the Court hearing. On 14th October 1998, the NSPCA won the custody of the elephants pending the cruelty case against Ghiazza, but he appealed the Court's decision and won. The Expert Witnesses were called to South Africa and viewed the elephant in African Game Services compound. They were found to be severely malnourished, highly traumatised and fearful, terrified of the mahouts and most of them had abscesses and lesions caused by the training implements, one of which was a pole with the sharp end of a drill bit protruding.

66. Human Zoos The first was Germany in 1874, where Karl Hagenbeck, an animal dealer and futurepromoter of the main european zoos, decided to exhibit Samoans and Lapps as http://mondediplo.com/2000/08/07humanzoo

67. 5 TIGERS : News The British zoos have contributed £2,000 with a similar sum coming from the Europeanzoos, and offered technical advice. A further 220 are at european zoos. http://www.5tigers.org/news/2001/April/01_4_26w1.htm

The Save The Tiger Fund Press Association Newsfile, April 26, 2001 SECTION: HOME NEWS LENGTH: 374 words HEADLINE: ZOOS ANSWER PLEA TO HELP SAVE HUNGRY TIGERS BYLINE: John von Radowitz British zoos have stepped in to help prevent clashes between hungry tigers and humans in Siberia, it was disclosed today. Wild tigers in the region have been driven into villages by an unusually hard winter. Temperatures 10C lower than usual, combined with the impact of hunting and poaching, have reduced numbers of red deer and wild boar on which the tigers naturally prey. As a result the animals, an endangered species, have been invading villages and attacking livestock and dogs... The situation has become so serious the Russian authorities have set up a special Tiger Response Team to deal with conflicts between tigers and humans. Today five UK zoos and seven on the continent answered a Russian appeal for money to pay for tiger crates so straying animals can be held and moved. Sarah Christie, conservation co-ordinator at the Zoological Society of London, said: "This has been a terrible winter and has driven a great many tigers into villages looking for food.

68. IZW-Berlin : Research - RG 2 (Evolutionary Genetics) 8. EEHV (endotheliotropic elephant herpesvirus) infections in Asian elephants(Elephas maximus) in european zoos a phylogenetic analysis. http://www.izw-berlin.de/en/research/fg2/themen/themen.html

Research Group 2: Evolutionary Genetics Home RG2 Staff Subjects and Projects Fields of Expertise ... Alignments Main research projects and goals: Evolutionary Genetics (FG 2) 1. Population genetics and phylogeographic analysis of African sable antelope (Hippotragus niger) populations In cooperation with the University of Copenhagen (Prof. Arctander, Dr. Hansen) mitochondrial DNA sequences of 95 sable antelope from 12 populations in Africa were analysed to determine the geographical distribution of the genetic variability. Our DNA sequence data group all the sable antelopes into three well-delineated maternal clades. "Nested cladistic analysis" revealed that allopatric fragmentation and sporadic clonization over vast distances have played an important role in the evolution of the sable. The results provide an evolutionary framework for species protection programmes. 2. Molecular phylogeny of the Bustard family (Otididae) The family of bustards consists of about 22 bustard species with a wide distribution in the major arid lands in southern Africa, Eurasia, and Indo- Australia. Development of a phylogeny-based classification is an urgent priority to further increase the protection level of endangered bustard species. Based on both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences the first comprehensive treatment of phylogeny within the Otididae was developed in cooperation with the Museum of Natural History/Berlin (Dr. Frahnert). The results provide an evolutionary framework within which conservation decisions for these species can be evaluated.

69. IZW-Berlin : Research - RG 2 (Evolutionary Genetics) ElephantHerpes. A novel variant of the endotheliotropic herpesvirusin Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) in european zoos. Newly http://www.izw-berlin.de/en/research/fg2/elefanten-herpes.html

Research Group 2: Evolutionary Genetics Home RG2 Staff Subjects and Projects Fields of Expertise ... Alignments Elephant-Herpes A novel variant of the endotheliotropic herpesvirus in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) in European Zoos Newly discovered, lethal elephant endotheliotropic herpesviruses (EEHV) have been identified in both Asian (Elephas maximus) and African (Loxodonta africana) elephants. Carried by otherwise healthy African elephants they can be fatal for mainly young Asian elephants. Since zoos often harbour both elephant species, we conducted a survey on the presence of EEHV in Asian elephants from 12 European zoos, 3 circuses and 1 Israelian zoo. We could demonstrate that all EEH-viruses that have affected Asian elephants so far belong to the EEHV1 group. We also described the detection and the partial sequencing of an endotheliotropic herpesvirus variant (named EEHV1b) in Asian elephants, being either an EEH virus endogenous to Asian elephants or indicating different sources (African elephants) of infection. Phylogenetic relationship between the 229bp long EEHV terminase gene sequences.

70. Twycross Zoo and the African Parliament. . In 2002 Many european zoos are raisingmoney to help the Lion Tamarins in the Atlantic Rainforest. http://www.twycrosszoo.com/conservation.htm

Conservation Many large, exciting animals we see on TV programmes are threatened with extinction. The list includes familiar creatures like gorillas, tigers and elephants as well as smaller and more obscure species. A major reason that population numbers may decline is habitat loss to the ever growing human population. Some creatures, like Lions, are disappearing faster than their habitats because of hunting pressures. Many species are endangered because their homelands have been disturbed, fragmented and degraded. In all these cases, such animals are often isolated in small populations, unable to meet other groups of their own kind. Many animals kept at Twycross and other zoos are confined to small populations in the wild. Such species you can see at Twycross include: Waldrapp Ibis (less than 100 left in the wild), Golden Lion Tamarin (around 800), Bonobo (around 15 000) and the Asian Lion (around 300). Between 2 000 and 6 000 species of land vertebrate (backbone animal) will need human intervention if they are not to become extinct in the near future. Such help will come from conservation breeding in zoos and captive breeding centres. Well-managed zoos can breed animals quicker and salvage more of them than if they were in a troubled area in the wild. By co-operating with each other, zoos can reduce or eliminate inbreeding by sound genetic management. There are more than 500 captive breeding programmes in operation today and, if good zoos continue to co-operate, they may be able to mount supportive recovery programmes for all threatened land vertebrates.

71. Parco Zoo Punta Verde We take part in the EEP (European Endangered Species Programme), which coordinatesthe efforts of european zoos in the conservation of threatened wildlife. http://www.parcozoopuntaverde.it/english/chisiamo/index.php

Background Organisation Punta Verde is a privately-run zoological garden. We do not receive public funds, we finance ourselves entirely through gate receipts. These are Punta Verde Zoo Park's long-standing objectives: visitor education through accurate information, identification labels and graphic displays, workshops, video shows and guided tours; conservation through high standards of care of each individual species in the Park and by taking part in in situ and ex situ conservation programmes; research , by collaborating with scientific organisations and universities. Our Zoo Park is an ordinary member of UIZA (Italian Union of Zoos and Aquaria). It is also a member of EAZA (European Association of Zoos and Aquaria) which is a member of IUCN (International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources). We take part in the EEP (European Endangered Species Programme), which co-ordinates the efforts of European zoos in the conservation of threatened wildlife. To maximise our participation in these programmes our park uses an international animal species management software

72. WAZA We established the “West African Primate Conservation Action” an interestgroup of several european zoos and conservation organizations. http://www.waza.org/zoos_heidelberg.html

BACK TO LIST Zoo Heidelberg Tiergartenstrasse 3 69120 Heidelberg Germany Opening times: April - September 9.00-19.00 Oktober - March 9.00-17.00 Tel: +49-(0)6221-645510 Fax: +49-(0)6221-645588 info@zoo-heidelberg.de www.zoo-heidelberg.de Webcam: www.hzag.de/hz/hzzew/wir/14a.htm Zoo Heidelberg is a modern zoo, which combines educational messages and ex-situ as well as in-situ conservation together with attractive exhibits, where animal welfare is visible to everyone. Even though Heidelberg Zoo is small and has not much money it is one of the most innovative Zoos of Germany. New enclosures for Hanuman langurs, ruffed lemurs and Roloway guenons, and the Yellowstone exhibit were opened during the last months and new exhibits for Sumatran tigers, Temminck’s golden cat, jungle cat, and elephants will finish soon. Outstanding are the huge African Savannah, the rebuilted Ape house, and the sea lion exhibit. Zoo Heidelberg participates in 17 EEPs (European breeding programs). For conservation purposes we keep several pairs of Temminck’s golden cats, a species which has a long breeding history in our zoo. For the European hornbill TAG we are providing an aviary to pair up the endangered Wrinkled hornbills ( A. corrugatus

73. WAZA This special building is a real zoo historical monument, which can befound only in three european zoos Hamburg, Paris and Budapest. http://www.waza.org/zoos_budapest.html

BACK TO LIST PO Box 469 H-1371 Budapest 5 HUNGARY Phone: + 36 1 363 3820 Fax : + 36 1 363 2971 E-mails: Public relation: adroszt@yahoo.com Zoological department: zoovet@mail.alba.hu or istvanvidakovits@hotmail.com Website: www.zoobudapest.com How to get to the Zoo? Opening times: November, December, January and February: from 9.00 till 16.00 March and October: from 9.00 till 17.00 April and September: from 9.00 till 18.00 May, June, July and August: from 9.00 till 19.00 Budapest Zoo was established in 1866 as the first zoo in Hungary. The present structure of the zoo was developed between 1909 and 1912, when it was totally redesigned and rebuilt by the most notable Hungarian architects. Since that time this zoo is not only a home of an exciting animal collection, but a unique 3jewel box2 of the Hungarian architectural heritage as well, which the visitors immediately notice when passing through the main gate. A large naturalistic pond with many birds and wildfowl including a nice breeding group of pelicans is a nice and characteristic area of our zoo. Two birdhouses were built in old Transylvanian style, and they accommodate a few rare bird species such as the Hyacinth macaw or the Red-crowned crane. The new birdhouse exhibit the colourful world of other parrots like Yellow-faced amazon, Eclectus parrot or Tucuman amazon. In the old primate house you may find the largest captive breeding population of the rear Golden-bellied mangabey in the world. In the neighbourhood is the ape house with the families of Sumatran orang-utans and gorillas.

74. Alan's Garter Snakes - My Collection Captivebred specimens were released to european zoos specialising in endangeredspecies, and during the next decade large numbers were bred in Jersey Zoo in http://www.gartersnake.co.uk/mycollection.htm

My collection Contents Thamnophis cyrtopsis ocellatus - eastern black necked garter snake Thamnophis sirtalis tetrataenia - San Francisco garter snake Thamnophis sirtalis infernalis - California red-sided garter snake Thamnophis sirtalis concinnus - Oregon red-spotted garter snake ... Thamnophis sirtalis - melanistic eastern Garter Snake Thamnophis cyrtopsis ocellatus - eastern black necked garter snake This is one of the most attractive subspecies of garter snakes. The black neck garter snake has a distribution throughout much of Texas and Arizona, but it is the eastern subspecies, ocellatus, that is by far the most attractive. It is restricted to the hill country region of south Texas. I acquired a pair of these animals in May 1998. They were wild-caught adults, and took over a year to fully establish and settle down. The species has a reputation for being very much a frog-eater, and initially I fould I had to scent fish-based prey with a live frog to get the snakes to eat it. These animals bred successfully (23 babies) in 2000, but sadly the female died in hibernation the following year. In September 1999 I acquired a long-term captive adult female from a friend in Texas. This is an excellent feeder, and is in good condition. It appeared gravid in both 2000 and 2001, but no babies were born.

75. Zoofreunde Hannover: Enzyklopaedie Of The Worlds Zoos zoo had become a center of Hanover society, inhabited by some 1000 animals in 280species including species that were very uncommon in european zoos of this http://www.zoofreunde-hannover.de/enzyklopaedie.htm

Artikel über den Zoo Hannover in der im Juli 2001 erschienen Encyclopedia of the World’s Zoos Fitzroy Dearborn Verlag, Chicago Hanover Zoo (Zoologischer Garten Hannover) Germany's sixth oldest zoo covers 22 hectares close to the city center. Annually, 950.000 visitors come to see its 1000 animals representing 200 species. It became famous for the Hanover Moat System, developed in the 1960s to exhibit its extensive antelope collection. Outstanding features are the tropical ape house and the world's biggest drill zoo colony. Since the zoo became EXPO2000 project, it is rapidly transformed into an animal experience park including Gorilla Mountain, Jungle Palace and Zambesi River. In the late 1850s alderman Hermann Schläger initiated a public zoo corporation although it was doubted that Hanover was already important enough "to bring such a project to success". In 1865 the zoo opened on three hectares at Eilenriede, the municipal forest outside the city, and was enlarged soon. Architect Wilhelm Lüer, who built the first "grotto" aquarium in Berlin, developed buildings he thought would enable animals to live "an existence most near to the free existence in natural state, tasteful design harmonizing with their needs and habits". This resulted in romantic style buildings like bear castle and impressive artificial mountains, with predator grottos, aquarium and a bird of prey aviary. Soon it came out that dark grottos were not appropriate for animals. In 1881 an elephant house was built, followed in 1892 by the zoo's only exotic style building, the oriental antelope house.

76. World Animal Conscience - Animal Rights ... Human Wrongs? The independent Oxford University study, found that Asian elephants in european zooslive on average only 15 years, compared with between 60 and 65 in the wild http://www.conscience.net/article_times_nov02.htm

Article 38.November 2002 Animal Rights ... Human Wrongs? Animal Protection Protest In Malta Concerns About Captive Elephants Firework Cruelty RSPCA Finances Under Pressure Furry Thieves Antlers Removed To protect Walkers

77. Bushmeat Exhibition The campaign is to inform the visitors to european zoos about the background ofthe bushmeat trade and collect donations for organisations working to find a http://www.berggorilla.de/english/aktuell/bushtext.html

Gorilla Journal 21, December 2000 Bushmeat Action The bushmeat crisis, the commercial, illegal trade in meat from wild animals, which is particularly common in West and Central Africa, has been the theme of various activities during the year 2000. The exhibition Gorillas in the Cooking Pot in the Stuttgart Zoo from June to September had a great response. In particular, Marianne Holtkötter supported the exhibition in every conceivable way. We also have to thank Professor Jauch, the Director of Stuttgart Zoo, for his courage and trust and for the funding, all of which made the exhibition possible in the first place. Shortly after the exhibition had been opened, German zoo directors and EEP coordinators had a meeting in Stuttgart and they seized the opportunity to have a look at the 34 posters on the bushmeat problem. There was great interest in taking the exhibition to other zoos. Consequently, it went to Cologne Zoo in October and will stay there until December. From January to March 2001 it can be seen in Neunkirchen Zoo, from April to May 2001 in Heidelberg Zoo and from June in Karlsruhe. Besides, the zoos of Krefeld, Zürich, Herberstein, Basel and Hamburg will also show the exhibition. In exchange, the zoos will donate a certain amount of money to the

78. Animal Aid Campaigns : Zoos the last 10 years 1,046 wildcaught elephants have been traded to zoos and circuses(23) and over 70% of elephants in european zoos today were wild-caught (20 http://www.animalaid.org.uk/campaign/sport/zoos.htm

Special report: January 2003 ZOOS Putting the con in conservation Zoos like to boast these days that they do valuable conservation work by breeding endangered species and giving them a fresh chance by returning them to the wild. The evidence shows that these claims are fraudulent, and that zoos are what they have always been - galleries of captive beasts. Tuli elephants at Basel Zoo, Switzerland (above and below). In 1998, 30 elephants were caught in the Tuli reserve, Botswana for sale to zoos, safari parks and circuses. After a court case, 23 were returned to the wild. 3 went to Basel Zoo, 4 others to Germany. At Basel they were being trained to do tricks alongside the 'resident' adults. Credit: C Redmond/CAPS BY CRAIG REDMOND OF THE CAPTIVE ANIMALS PROTECTION SOCIETY After a history of keeping animals merely for human entertainment, zoos now have a lofty aim of 'education, conservation and research'. Most people's idea of conservation when it comes to zoos would be to save animals from extinction by breeding them in captivity and releasing them into the wild, and zoos would have us believe that they have plenty of success stories. To first assess the validity of the zoo-conservation claim it's worth comparing the species zoos hold against those listed as threatened in the wild. The number of vertebrate species classed as threatened (which includes endangered and vulnerable) by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List (the definitive guide to the conservation status of species) in 2002 is 3,521 (7% of all vertebrates). Invertebrates add another 1,932 species to this list. Even this may be an underestimate as "other than mammals and birds only a small or extremely small proportion of the total number of species in any group have been assessed for threatened status."

79. Sample Chapter For Hanson, E.: Animal Attractions: Nature On Display In American zoology nor laboratory science, or simply unscientific places of spectacle anddilettante scientific interest. To be sure, unlike european zoos, the first http://pup.princeton.edu/chapters/i7349.html

PRINCETON University Press SEARCH: Keywords Author Title More Options Power Search Search Hints E-MAIL NOTICES NEW IN PRINT E-BOOKS ... HOME PAGE Animal Attractions: Nature on Display in American Zoos Elizabeth Hanson Book Description Endorsements Class Use and other Permissions . For more information, send e-mail to permissions@pupress.princeton.edu This file is also available in Adobe Acrobat PDF format Introduction On a rainy day in May 1988, a lowland gorilla named Willie B. stepped outdoors for the first time in twenty-seven years. Born in Africa in 1958, Willie B. had been captured by an animal collector and was delivered to the zoo in Atlanta, Georgia, in 1961, where he was housed by himself in an enclosure of concrete and heavy bars. Twenty years later, after complaints about the zoo's management, a television was provided to relieve his isolation. (He watched M*A*S*H* 60 Minutes , and a save-the-zoo telethon.) Willie B. was listless and overweight, and hardly an ambassador for gorilla conservation, until the day when he tentatively looked out on the grass and trees of a new, naturalistic immersion exhibit at the renovated Zoo Atlanta. Other gorillas were released into the exhibit, and Willie B. soon adjusted to life in a social group, became a father, and evidently lived happily until his death in February 2000 at the age of forty-one. Willie B. had been the zoo's most popular attraction; a crowd of more than seven thousand people attended a memorial service in his honor. In his lifetime he had journeyed from being an object of voyeurism in a sterile cage to a muscular silverback, foraging for raisins and behaving like a gorilla. He achieved a kind of zoological fulfillment in his opportunity to live a more authentic gorilla life than he had behind bars, a transcendence in his return to nature.

80. Glasgow Zoo - Powered By VBulletin Coordinators of both programmes therefore may have to expand the numberof animal spaces in european zoos used for their species. http://www.glasgowzoo.co.uk/articles/carnivores/conferencebears3.php

Menu Home Information Forums Photo Gallery ... Back to Conference Index EUROPEAN COORDINATION OF BEARS Drs. Koen Brouwer, National Foundation for Research in Zoological Gardens/ EEP Executive Office, c/o Amsterdam Zoo, P.O. Box 20164, 1000 HD Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Introduction A European Endangered Species Programme (EEP) was initiated for the spectacled bear Tremarctos ornatus several years ago; this programme is co-ordinated by Bryan Carroll of the Jersey Wildlife Preservation Trust. Two years ago it was also decided to establish an EEP-programme for the sloth bear Melursus ursinus . Dick Dekker of Amsterdam Zoo was appointed as co-ordinator for this species and the National Foundation for Research in Zoological Gardens (NFRZG) is providing him assistance in organising and managing this breeding programme. The spectacled bear and the sloth bear populations in Europe suffer from the same problem: their numbers are too low for a successful breeding programme. Co-ordinators of both programmes therefore may have to expand the number of animal spaces in European zoos used for their species. Consequently, the two species could become "

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