61. Committee For Graduate courses included cuban history, USCuba relations. Teaches CubanHistory; Modern Latin American History and US History courses. http://web.usf.edu/~lacs/committee_for.htm

62. Cuban History History. A US sponsored force of antiCastro Cuban emigres landed in April 1961at the Bahia de Cochinos in southern Cuba, but the invasion was thwarted by http://www.vandine.com/chistory.htm

History Cuba was ruled by Spain from the 16th century until 1898, when the island was ceded to the United States following Spain's defeat in the Spanish American war. Cuba became an independent republic on the 20th of May 1902, but the United States retained it's naval bases on the island and, until 1934, reserved the right to intervene in Cuba's internal affairs. In 1933 Fulgencio Batista Zaldivar, came to power at the head of a military revolt. Batista ruled the country until 1944. His last for years in office, he ruled Cuba as an elected President. Batista relinquished power to Carlos Prio Socarras in 1944. In 1952 General Batista (as he became known) again seized power through revolt. His new regimeruled Cuba with an iron fist and soon became highly unpopular among the Cubanpeople. In July 1953 a radical opposition group, led by Dr. Fidel Castro Ruz, attacked the Moncada army barracks in Santiago de Cuba. Castro and many of his supporters were captured, but later released. Castro then went into exile and formed a revolutionary movement that was committed to the overthrow of Batista. In December 1956 Castro and his guerilla movement landed in Cuba. The majority of the group was captured, but Castro and twelve other members, including Dr. Ernesto "Che" Guevara managed to escape into the hills of the Sierra Maestra. Here, they formed the nucleas of the guerilla forces that would latter, after considerable struggle, topple the Batista regime. Castro's forces now occupied the capital city of Havana.

63. UM Opening Fab New Home For Cuban History Collection 27, 2003 UM opening fab new home for cuban history collection. In South Florida,transplanted cradle of all things Cuban, history has found a glitzy new home. http://www.rose-hulman.edu/~delacova/exile/collection.htm

The Miami Herald Jan. 27, 2003 UM opening fab new home for Cuban history collection BY FABIOLA SANTIAGO In South Florida, transplanted cradle of all things Cuban, history has found a glitzy new home. ''Ya tenemos casa (We have a home),'' says collection director Esperanza Bravo de Varona. Walk up a flight of stairs to the second floor of the Otto G. Richter Library, step through glass doors embossed with the Cuban national emblem, and into a sitting room of Cuban-style, cane-backed mahogany rocking chairs and marble-topped tables and floors. A colorful mural of stained glass windows and a balcony framed in ironwork, typical of Cuba's colonial cities, painted by Miami artist Humberto Calzada, adorns one wall. ''I wanted it to feel like a house in Old Havana that looks out to the sea,'' says Calzada, who donated the work. furniture built by Miami's Cuban-American furniture maker, Camilo. Stashed in the pavilion's 10,000 square feet of space are thousands of historical treasures, among them: • Some 60,000-70,000 issues of Cuban publications dating from the colonial years and the earliest years of the Republic to the present, including the Communist

64. 1998 Will Leave An Indelible Mark On Cuban History / Zenit - Cuba News / Noticia CUBANET December 28, 1998. 1998 Will Leave An Indelible Mark On cuban history.Zenit, December 24. Declarations of Cardinal Jaime Ortega, Archbishop of Havana. http://64.21.33.164/CNews/y98/dec98/28e10.htm

CUBAN E T December 28, 1998 1998 Will Leave An Indelible Mark On Cuban History Zenit, December 24 Declarations of Cardinal Jaime Ortega, Archbishop of Havana HAVANA, 24 dec (ZENIT)- "It has been a very special year for us: first the Pope's visit, which is summed up in one phrase, or rather one program: that Cuba open itself to the world, and that the world open itself to Cuba. Now this Christmas, which has been restored as a national holiday." Cardinal Jaime Ortega, Archbishop of Havana, made these comments to the Italian newspaper "Avvenire" regarding the incredible year 1998 in the Caribbean island. The Cardinal stressed the importance of this feast for Cubans. "For us, in the light of our history, it is a great event. Christmas has once again become institutional in Cuba. It is one sign that is added to others. This year, we have been able to hold various processions, and authorization has been granted through normal channels. Some towns, such as San Nicolás and Tapaste have celebrated their patron saints. People have taken up again their own traditions and the Church has acquired, in a certain sense, its habitual scope of action." The Cardinal feels that the fruits of the Pope's visit are evident. "As the president of our Episcopal Conference recently said, relations between the Church and State had been 'formally' good, and now they have begun to be formally better. President Castro received the president of the Episcopal Conference and communicated to him, before announcing to the press, his decision to institutionalize Christmas. Permission has been granted for 43 priests and religious to enter the country, and among them are some Cubans who were forced into exile. Throughout this year, we have had other opportunities for meetings with civil authorities on various levels. The meetings have gone smoother, and we have been able to speak and present our demands and petitions."

65. Brendan Rivage-Seul Conducts Intense Study Of Cuban History Brendan RivageSeul Conducts Intense Study of cuban history. Trip Brendanbecame interested in cuban history after a trip he took. He http://www.lafayette.edu/news.php/view/1486/

Lafayette News Brendan Rivage-Seul Conducts Intense Study of Cuban History Trip to Cuba preceded research experience with Richard Sharpless , professor of history. EASTON, Pa.( www.lafayette.edu ), December 13, 2002 — Sophomore Brendan Rivage-Seul (Berea, Ky.) immersed himself in the rich history of Cuba this semester. He worked on the project with Richard Sharpless , professor of history. Sharpless is coauthor of The Kingdom of Coal: Work, Enterprise, and Ethnic Communities in the Mine Fields "Brendan became interested in Cuban history after a trip he took. He also comes from a liberal progressive background, so he wanted to pursue this topic," says Sharpless. "I went to Cuba to take part in the 20th annual meeting of 'Philosophers and Social Scientists' for a three-week study," says Rivage-Seul. "My parents originally got me interested in it; they have both been to Cuba numerous times." During his trip, Rivage-Seul visited much of the island, including Santa Clara, Santiago, Guanabacoa, Varadero, and Havana. "In our studies at various universities and Cuban think tanks, we were exposed to historical, economic, political, racial, and gender issues concerning Cuba. We had a great time, not just studying, but also enjoying the culture. It was a time to brush up on some Spanish, meet very interesting people, and learn about a culture that would have otherwise remained rather foreign to me, as it is to most Americans," he says.

66. Sonidos De Las Américas: Cuba - History Of Cuban Concert Music Translate this page A History of Cuban Concert Music. It is in the 20th century that Cuban artmusic fully develops into a major contribution to cuban history. http://www.americancomposers.org/cubahistory.htm

view Sonidos: Cuba schedule of events more about Sonidos: Cuba ... aco homepage "Cuban music clearly offers two sides of a coin: one directly nurtured by folkloric elements and popular (and subsequently commercial) forms of expression, and another, more abstract and complex, where composers from Cuba have followed the difficult route of art music." view Sonidos: Cuba schedule of events for tickets to CARNEGIE HALL events call CarnegieCharge: Or visit Box Office FOR OTHER EVENTS call the appropriate box office listed for that event FOR GENERAL INFO CALL ACO at 212.977.8495 view Sonidos: Cuba schedule of events por Aurelio de la Vega Ya al final del siglo dieciocho esta mezcla musical hispano-africana produce una música bai-lable de poderosas raíces populares que, dentro de la órbita social secular, lentamente desplaza a las danzas europeas que habían constituido hasta entonces el entretenimiento fundamental de la nueva y emergente burguesía criolla. El compositor e investigador cubano Carlo Borbolla (1902-1990) afirma que el básico, seminal y siempre presente "tresillo cubano" (una semifusa, una fusa y otra semifusa, seguida ésta por dos fusas) apareció cuando los músicos populares interpretaban erróneamente, desde un punto de vista rímico, el tresillo europeo, el cual era un enunciado rítmico de dos contra tres en cómputo de tiempo igual. El siglo diecinueve es testigo de la rápida evolución de esa música danzable rítmicamente dife-rente de los modelos europeos, la cual ejerce una influencia decisiva en las sofisticadas obras de piano de Saumell y de Ignacio Cervantes (1847-1905), así como en la música fuertemente romántica de Nicolás Ruiz Espadero (1832- 1890). Es tambien durante este siglo diecinueve que Cuba produce sus primeros instrumentistas de renombre internacional, del pianista José Manuel ("Lico") Jiménez (1855-1917) y de la pianista y compositora Cecilia Aritzi (1856-1930) a los violinistas Claudio José Domingo Brindis de Salas (1852-1911) y José White (1836-1912).

67. Cuban Text: Hemingway And History In January, the school held two monthlong classes there, one on postRevolutionarycuban history, the other on author Ernest Hemingway, whose house near Havana http://www.startribune.com/stories/425/2007036.html

news freetime travel homezone ... resources articles star tribune travel stories catherine watson chris welsch online traveler features america the beautiful latest news favorites: getaways minnesota travel faq ... travel talk multimedia video: adventure skiing in alaska video: chasing tornadoes gallery: inca culture survives newsletters travel deals power shopping contact us corrections feedback Cuban text: Hemingway and history Catherine Watson, Senior Travel Editor Published March 17, 2002 CUBX If you're a college student, it's even easier to get into Cuba legally, particularly if you're studying at a school like St. Olaf College in Northfield, Minn., which is licensed to send students and faculty to Cuba. In January, the school held two monthlong classes there, one on post-Revolutionary Cuban history, the other on author Ernest Hemingway, whose house near Havana is now a museum. St. Olaf "is deeply committed to international and domestic off-campus learning," said Patrick Quade, director of international and off-campus studies at the liberal arts school. "That can happen in St. Paul or Havana." About 800 of St. Olaf's 3,000 students study off campus each year, Quade said. Of last year's seniors, 65 percent had studied abroad.

68. Cuba Background, News, Travel And Tourism Resource Links IBF Bibliography Cuba Books on cuban history, culture and society.. IBFHistory Cuba Timeline of important events in cuban history. http://www.ibike.org/links/cuba.htm

Cuba Background, News, Resource Links General Africa Background, News, Resource Links Bike Touring ... Internet Cuba Background Resources IBF Travel In Cuba People-to-people program. IBF Bibliography: Cuba : Books on Cuban history, culture and society.. IBF Cuba Newspaper clippings : A collection of recent media article on a wide variety of Cuban topics. IBF History: Cuba : Timeline of important events in Cuban history. José Martí Thoughts Quotes from José Martí on a variety of topics 1 Click 2 Cuba Caribbean Medical Transport a non-profit, non-political organization committed to alleviate the suffering of people in Cuba by transporting desperately needed medicine and medical supplies to Cuban doctors and hospitals. They also help Cuban healthcare professionals establish contacts outside Cuba to better serve the Cuban people. Cuba and Cuban Americans Background Resources on the Internet Cuba and the United States: A Chronological History Cuba Heritage History, literature, art, architecture, people, cinema, cuisine, etc. Cuba Historical Text Archives Cuba Project Center For International Policy Cuba Solidarity: Web Links Links to a large number of other internet resources on Cuba. The site includes another page of organizations and people around the world involved in

69. USATODAY.com - History, Race Must Be Factored Into Cuban Equation History, race must be factored into Cuban equation. Bush's warped sense ofcuban history — and his desire to help his brother, Florida Gov. http://www.usatoday.com/news/opinion/columnists/wickham/2002-05-21-wickham.htm

Home News Main Categories Top News Nation States Washington/Politics ... Offbeat More News Columnists Lotteries City Guides Government Guide ... Weather Site Web Click here to get the Daily Briefing in your inbox 05/22/2002 - Updated 07:20 PM ET History, race must be factored into Cuban equation Back in 1902, it was the United States, not Spain that dominated life in Cuba. Spain's colonial control of the Caribbean island had been effectively ended three years earlier by the Spanish American War. By 1899, American imperialism had replaced Spanish colonialism as the controlling force in Cuba. The U.S. occupation ended in 1902, but not before Congress imposed two concessions on the new Cuban government. It was forced to grant Washington the right to intervene in Cuban affairs and to cede control of Guantanamo Bay to the U.S. military. Franklin Roosevelt voided the intervention agreement in 1934, but the American occupation of Guantanamo Bay continues today. So ironically, the Cuban-American celebration of a century of Cuban independence also marks 100 years of uninterrupted control of a valuable piece of the Cuban nation by the United States. Many of the people who fled Cuba when Castro came to power in 1959 were the beneficiaries of Batista's bloody rule. Largely white, they were the middle class of his dictatorship and benefited greatly from a class structure that afforded Afro Cubans few rights and relegated them to the lowest rungs of Cuban society.

70. The Tax History Project At Tax Analysts Provides scholars, policymakers, students, the media, and citizens with information about the history Category Science Social Sciences Economics Economic History...... As a consequence, both cuban history and civilization have remained linkedwith, and are products of, the evolution of the Spanish Empire. http://www.taxhistory.org/

Features SEARCH Tax History Museum The Price of Civilization Presidential Tax Returns ... Tax Analysts Home The Tax History Project is a division of Tax Analysts , a non-profit, non-partisan organization fostering open debate on federal, state, and international tax policy. Contact information: Joseph J. Thorndike Director Tax History Project 6830 N Fairfax Drive Arlington, VA 22213 USA Welcome to the Tax History Project, established by Tax Analysts in 1995 to provide scholars, policymakers, students, the media, and citizens with information about the history of American taxation. Highlights Was Andrew Mellon Really the Supply Sider That Conservatives Like to Believe? Andrew Mellon has long been the patron saint of supply side tax cutters. Their devotion is understandable. Not only did Mellon champion a series of dramatic tax cuts in the 1920s; he also justified them with a supply side argument, predicting that lower rates would yield additional revenue. More The Price of Civilization: Taxation in Depression and War, 1933-1945

71. National Postal Museum The essays and exhibitions prepared for this project present new perspectives on,and provide new data for, cuban history and visual anthropology as well as http://www.si.edu/postal/pichs/isc.htm

document.write(""); First Stamps - 1847s Visitors to this exhibit will see the largest collection of 1847 stamps on covers ever displayed. The Museum Collections Get an in-depth look at the objects and an insider's sense of how they are organized, described and cared for. Saturday, 4/12/2003 Exploratory Post: Letterboxing Thursday, 4/17/2003 Conservation in Action Back to Top Home Privacy Contact ... Credits

72. CUBANS-History This was of course the period of the Mariel boatlift, which we willdiscuss below in the context of cuban history. This group of http://www.culturalorientation.net/cubans/HISTO.HTM

culturalorientation.net -home CUBANS THEIR HISTORY AND CULTURE REFUGEE FACT SHEET NO.12 PAGE CHAPTER C ONTENTS P REFACE ... MMIGRATION H ISTORY E DUCATION H EALTH ... IBLIOGRAPHY FOLLOWING PAGES History European Discovery: 1492 The Colonial Period: 1511-1895 The War of Independence and U.S. Occupation: 1895-1902 The Republic: 1902-1959 Fidel Castro and the Revolution The Revolutionary Government, 1959-63 ... The 1990s There have been three basic waves of Cubans coming to the U.S. Soon After the Revolution (1959-early 1960s) Mid-Revolution (mid-1960s to mid-1980s) The Cubans who emigrated to the United States during this period came for both political and economic reasons. They tended to be disillusioned with the direction or pace of change in Cuba within the revolution, as distinct from the earlier arrivals that were against the revolution in toto. The economic refugees in this wave tended to be less educated and less well off than the earlier wave and included "undesirables" such as criminals (political and otherwise), homosexuals, and mentally ill persons that Castro had taken advantage of the situation to expel from Cuba. This was of course the period of the Mariel boatlift, which we will discuss below in the context of Cuban history. This group of Cubans, which became known as the

73. Cuban Heritage Trail Magazine To recognize the significance of cuban history in Florida, the Florida Departmentof State has published the 64page Florida Cuban Heritage Trail which http://www.flheritage.com/magazine/cht/

The Trail To recognize the significance of Cuban history in Florida, the Florida Department of State has published the 64-page Florida Cuban Heritage Trail which highlights historic places, people, and events that are important to Cuban Americans in Florida and to the state's history as a whole. This beautiful book serves as a guide for travelers who want to experience the Cuban heritage of Florida firsthand. Most of the sites listed are accessible to the public. The Florida Cuban Heritage Trail includes descriptions of more than 100 sites important to the history of Florida and Cuba, profiles of famous Cuban Americans, and a guide to Cuban festivals in Florida. Color photographs throughout vividly depict many of the historic sites that are listed. The book is the second of a series of Florida Heritage publications, the first of which was the Florida Black Heritage Trail The Sites Some of the sites in the book include Mission San Luis in Tallahassee, which actively traded with Cuba from a port at nearby St. Marks during the Spanish mission era; Castillo de San Marcos in St. Augustine, the oldest stone fort in the United States, designed by a Cuban engineer and constructed in part by Cubans who also served as soldiers there during Spanish colonial times; Ybor Square in Tampa, once the world's largest cigar factory, homes, and commercial buildings related to the cigar industry in Key West; and buildings and sites in Miami that pay homage to the efforts of Cuban exiles to recreate their home life on the island.

74. History Of The Cuban Republic Marxist history Cuba (1959 present). To volunteer, ask questions,or send comments, mail Brian Basgen. Marxist history. http://www.marxists.org/history/cuba/

Marxist History: Cuba (1959 - present) To volunteer, ask questions, or send comments, mail Brian Basgen Marxist History

75. Facts About Cuba: Cuba's History Canadian company dedicated to cuban literature. Natural Cuba/Cuba Natural Panagea Natural history. OrishaNet Santeria http://www.icuban.com/facts/history.html

Spanish settlers established sugar cane and tobacco as Cuba's primary products. As the native Indian population died out, African slaves were imported to work the plantations. Slavery was abolished in 1886. The United States entered the conflict on the side of the revolutionaries when the USS Maine, anchored in Havana Harbor to protect US citizens, was sunk by an explosion of unknown origin on February 15, 1898. On December 10, 1898, Spain signed the Treaty of Paris, ending the Spanish-American War andrelinquishing control of Cuba to the United States. In 1934, the amendment was repealed in keeping with the Roosevelt Administration's "Good Neighbor" policy. Later the same year, the United States and Cuba reaffirmed by treaty the 1903 agreement which leased the Guantanamo Bay naval base to the United States. This agreement remains in force today and can only be terminated by mutual agreement or abandonment by the United States. On May 20, 1902, the United States granted Cuba its independence, but retained the right to intervene to preserve Cuban independence and stability under the Platt Amendment. In 1934, the amendment was repealed and the United States and Cuba reaffirmed the 1903 agreement which leased the Guantanamo Bay naval base to the United States. The treaty remains in force and can only be terminated by mutual agreement or abandonment by the United States. Cubans elected General Gerardo Machado as president in 1924, but he forcibly extended his rule until a popular uprising deposed him in 1933. Army Sergeant Fulgencio Batista led the revolt and established himself as Cuba's dominant leader for more than 25 years. He ruled through a series of presidents and was himself elected in 1940 for 4 years. In March 1952, shortly before regularly scheduled elections, Batista seized the presidency in a bloodless coup. Batista, an army sergeant, established himself as Cuba's dominant leader for more than 25 years.

76. The Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962: A Political Perspective After 40 Years Comprehensive account of the events from the National Security Archive. Includes declassified documents, Category Society history 1960s cuban Missile Crisis...... . More. Turning history on Its Head. For nearly forty years most Americanaccounts of the cuban Missile Crisis of have left Cuba out of the story. http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/nsa/cuba_mis_cri/

Return to National Security Archive Homepage The Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962 A National Security Archive Documents Reader Edited by Laurence Chang and Peter Kornbluh Read the Introduction O rdering information for this book is available at the . Or by phone: 800-233-4830 (U.S.) 717-346-2029 (Outside U.S.) Read original Washington Post coverage of the Cuban Missile Crisis as it unfolded 40 years ago this week The Cuban government's . "The Crisis of October: A political vision 40 years later" (In Spanish) FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES Volume XI Cuban Missile Crisis and Aftermath Press releases, selected documents, photographs, audio clips and other material from the historic conference in Havana. Formerly secret documents from U.S., Cuban, Soviet and East Bloc archives.

77. Secret Cuban Documents On History Of Africa Involvement SECRET cuban DOCUMENTS ON history OF AFRICA INVOLVEMENT. National SecurityArchive Electronic Briefing Book No. 67 Edited by Peter Kornbluh. http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB67/

Electronic Briefing Books Main Index Conflicting Missions Washington, Havana, and Africa, 1959-1976 ... Jump to documents PRESS ADVISORY April 1, 2002 For Further information Contact: Piero Gleijeses - 202 363-3815 (h) Piero Gleijeses - 202 663-5779 (w) Peter Kornbluh - 202 994-7116 SECRET CUBAN DOCUMENTS ON HISTORY OF AFRICA INVOLVEMENT National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book No. 67 Edited by Peter Kornbluh NEW BOOK based on Unprecedented Access to Cuban Records; True Story of U.S.-Cuba Cold fear Clash in Angola presented in Conflicting Missions Washington D.C.: The National Security Archive today posted a selection of secret Cuban government documents detailing Cuba's policy and involvement in Africa in the 1960s and 1970s. The records are a sample of dozens of internal reports, memorandum and communications obtained by Piero Gleijeses, a historian at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies, for his new book, Conflicting Missions: Havana, Washington, and Africa, 1959-1976 (The University of North Carolina Press) Peter Kornbluh, director of the Archive’s Cuba Documentation Project, called the publication of the documents “a significant step toward a fuller understanding Cuba’s place in the history of Africa and the Cold War,” and commended the Castro government’s decision to makes its long-secret archives accessible to scholars like Professor Gleijeses. “Cuba has been an important actor on the stage of foreign affairs,” he said. “Cuban documents are a missing link in fostering an understanding of numerous international episodes of the past.”

78. Cubanculture.com - The Online Almanac Of Cuban Culture With Travel Links Fact sheets and photos about arts and culture, history, food and drink, and famous figures. Links. http://www.cubanculture.com

A NEW WAY TO DISCOVER CUBA French Spanish cultural roots music painting literature ... comments More than 350 photos of Cuba. Free! Places to "hang out" for the VIP and discerning traveller. We organize donations, conferences. Take a look! QUICK GUIDE ...Cuban culture, what makes the Cubans 'tick'? Racial mixes, music, art, cultures by region, food, local drinks and much more. Find out about celebrities and how they came to be. ...Extraordinary Sportsmen. Why are Cubans such talented athletes? How many gold medals have been won? How do they train? Local sports results. Sport is Cuba's national passion, baseball is the favourite. Take a look inside Cuba's sports scene... ..Advice. It's free and current on this site, don't travel without printing these pages! You may not need a tour guide, when you have read these pages. Every morcel of 'advice' from various sources. Interactive questions answered immediately... ...Fun, fun, fun. This is our focus with this site. Night-life, dancing, beach parties, group activities. Whether you want to skydive or just visit the hot clubs, cubafun.com will provide you with as much 'fun' as you need! Interactive responses to your email questions available...

79. History the grueling labor at the sugar mills, four major Afrocuban divisions (Lucumí growingisland is intimately linked via the slave trade to African history. http://www.cwo.com/~lucumi/history.htm

Links Go Key Resource Cuba Topic Brief Cultural History Yoruba Arará Abakuá Kongo U ntil the last decades of the 18th Century, Cuba was a relatively underdeveloped island with an economy based mainly on cattle raising and tobacco farms. The intensive cultivation of sugar that began at the turn of the nineteenth century transformed Cuba into a plantation society, and the demand for African "slaves", who had been introduced into Cuba from Spain at the beginning of the 16th century, increased dramatically. The slave trade with the West African coast exploded, and it is estimated that almost 400,000 Africans were brought to Cuba during the years 1835-1864. [That's roughly 1150 per month for 29 years!] In 1841, African slaves made up over 40% of the total population. The late flourishing of the Cuban sugar industry and the persistence of the slave trade into the 1860s are two important reasons for the remarkable density and variety of African cultural elements in Cuba. Fernando Ortiz Counted the presence of over one hundred different African ethnic groups in 19th century Cuba, and estimated that by the end of that century fourteen distinct "nations" had preserved their identity in the mutual aid associations and social clubs known as cabildos

80. The Chairman Smiles - Cuban Posters Propaganda art from Cuba. International Institute of Social history site. Designs from ICAIC, OSPAAAL and Editora Politica. http://www.iisg.nl/exhibitions/chairman/cubintro.html

International Institute of Social History The Chairman Smiles Last updated: January 30, 2003 Go To Home IISH The Chairman Smiles Soviet Posters Cuban Posters Chinese Posters Designers Collecting and Collectors Conservation ... Sitemap Search The Chairman Whole site More Options Help Contact Services: Enquiries Cuban Posters With a small rebel army, Fidel Castro seizes power in Cuba by the end of 1958. Although he tries to take an independent line, he must deal with significant Russian influence on the new regime. The socialist realist posters from the early years attest to this influence. Around 1965, in a period of strained relations with the Soviet Union, the Cubans decide to develop styles more suitable to their own circumstances. A period of artistic freedom follows. The arts flourish, and there are lively international contacts. Talented Cuban artists start designing colourful, inventive posters of traditional subjects such as commemorations of the revolution or calls for more production. The Cuban leaders are portayed as cheerful and unconventional. Especially striking are the splendid posters issued by cultural organizations such as the ICAIC, the Cuban film institute. OSPAAAL, the organization for solidarity with the people of Africa, Asia, and Latin America, distributes its posters worldwide. Che Guevara's portrait is transformed into an international symbol for romantic rebellion. In the 1970s the liveliness becomes less marked. Artistic freedom is subordinated to the spreading of the proper revolutionary morality. Ties with the Soviet Union are tightened in the same period. A unique chapter in the history of the political poster comes to an end.

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