41. Political Parties, Interest Groups, And Other Movements Around citizens' electoral rights. communist party; NDP People Democraticparty; List of political organisations. Uruguay Christian Democrats. http://www.psr.keele.ac.uk/parties.htm

42. Political Leaders: Communist Party Of The Soviet Union See also the Soviet political Leaders main page, also part of the ZPC website. Topleaders of the communist party of the Soviet Union (19221991) (1). http://www.terra.es/personal2/monolith/ussr2.htm

Leadership of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU, 1917-1991) To the list of countries To the ZPC Homepage Data of this page is an special courtesy of Randy Ragsdale . Additional details and corrections were submitted by Alexander Morozov Roberto Ortiz de Zarate and Juan Jorge Schäffer Oleg Schultz manages more complete pages about the Leadership of the CPSU . See also the Soviet Political Leaders main page, also part of the ZPC website . The site Rulers brings out the lists of the leaders at the level of SS Republics The names use the Russian form. Top leaders of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1922-1991) General Secretary of the Central Committee Iosif Vissaryonovich Stalin 3 Apr 1922- 5 Mar 1953 (+) First Secretaries of the Central Committee Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchov 7 Sep 1953-14 Oct 1964 (+1971) Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev 14 Oct 1964- 8 Apr 1966 (+1982) General Secretaries of the Central Committee Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev 8 Apr 1966-10 Nov 1982 (+) Yuriy Vladimirovich Andropov 12 Nov 1982- 9 Feb 1984 (+) Konstantin Ustinovich Chernenko 13 Feb 1984-10 Mar 1985 (+) Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev 11 Mar 1985-24 Aug 1991 (1) From 1898 to 1918 known as Russian Social Democratic Workers's Party (bolshevik); from 1918 to 1925 as Russian Communist Party; from 1925 to 1952 as All-Union Communist Party.

43. Communist Party Of Turkey The communist party of Turkey’s struggle against the law banning the usage ofthe word “communist” in the name of a political party is surely gaining http://www.tkp.org.tr/en/index.asp

International Homepage Turkey The Party - History - Programme - Administrative Committees ... - News Congress - Conference - 6th Congress - 5th Congress - 5th Conference - 4th Congress ... - 4th Conference International Activities - November 2002 Thessaloniki Speech - Prague Speech (November 2002) - Prague Appeal (November 2002) - The Ban-C Meeting (March 2002) ... Archives The first decree of our Socialist Power For details The 2002 Conference Text of CP of Turkey For details March 2003 Evaluation of the Central Committee On War and Peace 1. The war bargain of Turkey

44. Political Parties :: Elect.ca :: Your Canadian Election Headquarters political Parties There are 12 Registered political Parties that are eligible torun Click on the Federal party of your choice to view details. communist party http://www.elect.ca/parties.php?party=comm

45. STATEMENT BY THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF CUBA POLITICAL BUREAU TO THE UNITED NATIONS. PRESS RELEASE. STATEMENT BY THE communist party OF CUBApolitical BUREAU. communist party of Cuba political Bureau. November 30, 1998. http://www.un.int/cuba/web/1998/981202.htm

46. The Revolutionary Communist Party Of Britain (Marxist-Leninist) Homepage Site contains contemporary MarxistLeninist thought on Britain and the world and internet editions Category Society Politics Marxism Communism Anti-Revisionism...... political Report of. Central Committee of RCPB(ML) to 3rd Congress. The Line ofMarch to a New Society . Plenums of Central Committee of RCPB(ML). communist party http://www.rcpbml.org.uk/

To contact the Party by e-mail : office@rcpbml.org.uk The Revolutionary Communist Party of Britain (Marxist-Leninist) can be contacted at 170, Wandsworth Road, London SW8 2LA, Phone : (Local Rate from outside London 0845 644 1979) or 020 7627 0599 Majority at UN Call for an End to Illegal Aggression Against Iraq Workers' Daily Internet Edition Year 2003 No. 27 March 27, 2003 Last Updated document.write(document.lastModified); Workers' Daily Internet Edition, No. 10 February 15 Political Report of CC to 3rd Congress The Line of March to a New Society The Question Is really One of Word and Deed ... Subscription Subscribe to WW by post or E-Mail John Buckle Books Communist Bookshop Draft Programme for the Working Class Draft Document: There Is A Way Out of the Crisis ARCHIVE ... TEXT Newspaper of the Revolutionary Communist Party of Britain (Marxist-Leninist) Printed Edition - Published Weekly - Subscribe Why the Youth of Today have to become the Leaders of Tomorrow Updated 08/02/03 Workers' Weekly Youth Group This is the column of Workers' Weekly/WDIE on the conditions of the workers and on the agenda the workers themselves are setting to overcome their marginalisation and to take up politics. We encourage all our readers to contribute to the politicisation of the workers and write for this column

47. Index Of China Democracy Party persecution was launched by Chinese communist China against Chinese political prisoners. ofForming Committee of Chinese Democratic party In Zhejiang http://www.freechina.net/cdp/

China Democracy Party http://www.freechina.net/cdp/ Password Protected Message Board! Funding Statement ( Chinese ) (English) News Coverage ( GB English CDP Related Files ( Chinese English Announcement (Chinese) Press Release ( Chinese Photos Discussion Forums ( Chinese English Urgent Call To International Community Hangzhou, July 12, 1998 When President Clinton was visiting China, the Chinese Government and the President Jiang Zeming demonstrated the gesture of enlightenment which has won high acclaim from international community. Immediately after President Clinton left, a new wave of political persecution was launched by Chinese Communist China against Chinese political prisoners. At about eight o'clock PM, the Public Security Bureau of Hangzhou arrested the following founding members of Forming Committee of Chinese Democratic Party In Zhejiang Province: Wang You Chai, Wang Donghai, Wang Peijian, Cheng Fan, Wu Gaoxing; Immediately afterwards, the PSB arrested Wang Qiang, Zhu Zhengming, Fang Xiaofeng, Zhu Yufu, at this moment, the wave of arrest is still going on. The Police authority is searching and pursuing another CDP leader Lin Hui. We urgently call to international community for its full awareness to Chinese communist dictators' human rights abuse and we call for international community to express stern condemnation, we also call international community to build up pressure on Chinese government.

48. ABM -- Political Parties In Belarus - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - As of 1 February 1996, the Ministry of Justice has registered 34 political parties.The larger of them are the communist party, the Agricultural party, the http://www.belarus-misc.org/bel-pol.htm

This File Last Updated: 2002/07/26 Political Parties in Belarus Return to the A Belarus Miscellany Topic List 2001 Presidential Election Search the A Belarus Miscellany Web site Note: Cyrillic Belarusian and any other special character sets on this page are in Unicode (UTF-8) font encoding This is a very small beginning of listing the political parties of Belarus, including statements of their points of view. Also see the Belarusian Governments in Exile section for related information. The following essay summarizes political rights and civil liberties in Belarus (1998): Freedom in the World 1998-99: Belarus (Released by Freedom House, Washington, DC.) News Article: Justice Ministry Reports on Number of Registered Parties, Unions, and Non-Governmental Organizations in Belarus "Belarus has 18 political parties, 39 national trade unions, 18 confederations of associations, 153 international and 709 national non-governmental organizations (NGOs), according to the country's justice ministry." "There are also 15 trade unions of enterprises, institutions and organizations and 955 local NGOs in the country, the ministry says."

49. Communist Party Of Australia - Blacktown Branch Website Details on shalvey, communism, marxistleninism, socialism, class struggle, humanism and self-emancipation.Category Regional Oceania B Blacktown Society and Culture......political books for sale! Link to No GST page, communist party of Australia BlacktownBranch Links Page, communist party of Australia Blacktown Branch No http://www.agitprop.org.au/

Join the CPA! Free downloadable political wallpaper Political books for sale! Links ... Repeal the GST! Other CPA Websites: CPA National Read the Guardian! CPA Sydney Transport and Maritime Email us: mainman@agitprop.org.au Do you want to join our email list?

50. Communique By The Political Commission Portuguese Communist Party wednesday, 17 2001, 5h03. Portuguese communist party 9th October 2001 http//www.pcp.pt/pcp.Communique by the political Commission Portuguese communist party. http://www.ptb.be/scripts/article.phtml?obid=6593&lang=3

51. Communique By The Political Commission Portuguese Communist Party International WestEurope Communique by the political Commission Portuguesecommunist party Portuguese communist party 17-10-2001 http://www.ptb.be/international/article.phtml?section=A3AAABBM&object_id=6593

52. Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia: Political Party of party structure cadre parties, such as the political parties in Canada and theUnited States; and massmembership parties, such as the communist party in http://gi.grolier.com/presidents/aae/side/polparty.html

Politics General Articles The Presidents GME Contents POLITICAL PARTY DEMOCRATIC and REPUBLICAN parties in the United States. Competitive political parties are widely regarded as indispensable to the proper functioning of a democratic society. The functions assigned political parties in democratic societies such as the United States and Great Britain include the nomination of candidates for the offices of government; the presentation of alternative sets of policies to cope with the major problems of the nation; the political education of the electorate by means of the ventilation of these alternatives through public debates; and the mobilization of the electorate behind one or the other of the parties, thereby securing broad popular participation in determining who shall rule. The party that wins the election is usually responsible for running the government for a specific period of time until the next election; and the parties that lose the election are responsible for organizing a loyal opposition. History of Political Parties The political party has its roots in the omnipresent struggle for power within and among human communities. As far back as history records, chiefs, tyrants, and kings and queens have ruled over tribes, cities, and nations. The rationalization for the existence of governments has usually been the necessity to provide for the common defense of the community and to ensure its domestic tranquillity. History also shows, however, that the tranquillity has often been disturbed as chieftains and tyrants have had to fight against individuals and groups plotting to seize their positions and their power under one pretext or another. The palace struggles between the "ins" and the "outs" were political party battles in a primitive form.

53. UKRAINIAN POLITICAL PARTIES. PART IV. THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF UKRAINE. SERHII RAK left” has tended to weaken the adherents of the leftist ideas are migrating toother parties of a similar political spectrum the communist party of Workers http://www.mirror-weekly.com/nn/show/383/34012/

¹ 8 (383) Saturday, 2 - 8 March 2002 year ñurrent issue home content search ... advertising preload('raz_1', '/img/left/raz_1_1_eng.gif', '/img/left/raz_1_2_eng.gif'); preload('raz_2', '/img/left/raz_2_1_eng.gif', '/img/left/raz_2_2_eng.gif'); preload('raz_3', '/img/left/raz_3_1_eng.gif', '/img/left/raz_3_2_eng.gif'); Topic Of The Week Party Politics Overseas Politics Webmaster ... discuss UKRAINIAN POLITICAL PARTIES. PART IV. THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF UKRAINE preload('img_email_8233', '/img/convert1.gif', '/img/convert2.gif'); SERHII RAKHMANIN preload('img_email_7563', '/img/convert1.gif', '/img/convert2.gif'); Olga DMITRICHEVA CPU. It is a long way from power to predictable opposition On 24 August 1991, along with the historic Act on the Declaration of Independence of Ukraine, the Supreme Council passed another document of great importance, namely, a resolution on the de-politization (withdrawal from party affiliation) of all the state bodies, institutions and organizations. The next day, the Supreme Council Presidium endorsed a decision to nationalize CPU and CPSU property. Then, the Presidium authorized the suspension of the CPU’s activities “until all the circumstances relating to the coup d’etat of 19-21 August 1991 have been completely clarified”. On 30 August 1991, the Supreme Council Presidium prohibited the CPU activities based on the conclusions of an ad hoc commission to the effect that “Communist Party leaders actually supported the coup and thus contributed to its influence on the territory of Ukraine”.

54. Zerkalo Nedeli On The WEB 2. UKRAINIAN political PARTIES. PART IV. THE communist party OF UKRAINE.? 8 (383) Saturday, 2 8 March 2002 year, Politics / party Politics. http://www.mirror-weekly.com/nn/projects/1/

home content search sections ... advertising Our projects Ukrainian political parties UKRIANIAN POLITICAL PARTIES. PART II. THE OUR UKRAINE BLOC ¹ 6 (381) Saturday, 16 - 22 February 2002 year Politics Party Politics preload('img_email_8233', '/img/convert1.gif', '/img/convert2.gif'); SERHII RAKHMANIN preload('img_email_8122', '/img/convert1.gif', '/img/convert2.gif'); Yulia MOSTOVAYA “Our Ukraine.” History and Judgments The Our Ukraine election bloc was founded on the union of 10 political parties: “Forward, Ukraine!” (lead by Viktor Musiyaka), the Ukrainian Nationalists’ Congress (Yaroslav Stetsko), the Liberal Party of Ukraine (Volodymyr Shcherban, the Youth Party of Ukraine (Yuriy Pavlenko), the People’s Movement of Ukraine Rukh (Hennadiy Udovenko), the Republican Christian Party (Mykola Pokrovsky),the Reforms and Order party (Viktor Pynzenyk), the Solidarity party (Petro Poroshenko),the Ukrainian People’s Movement Rukh (Yuriy Kostenko), the Christian People’s Union (Volodymyr Stretovych)... UKRAINIAN POLITICAL PARTIES. PART III. THE YULIYA TYMOSHENKO BLOC ¹ 7 (382) Saturday, 23 February - 1 March 2002 year Politics ... Party Politics preload('img_email_8233', '/img/convert1.gif', '/img/convert2.gif'); SERHII RAKHMANIN preload('img_email_8122', '/img/convert1.gif', '/img/convert2.gif');

55. Communist Party Of Australia, Political Resolution are Building the mass movement for change;; Building the left and progressive politicalalternative;; Building communist unity;; Building the communist party. http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/24/111.html

Documents meneu Date: Fri, 11 Oct 1996 11:29:59 -0500 To: worldlst@rednet.org (World List for Rednet) Subject: SPA Congress Political Resolution Political Resolution Of the Communist Party of Australia, published in the Guardian (CPA) 16 October 1996 Presentation of the Political Resolution by Anna Pha, Central Committee member and The Central Committee received 270 amendments to the Resolution, and 215 of these were incorporated in some form or other in the final draft. The Resolution deals with some key features of the present period: characteristics of capitalism, where it is heading, government policies, the forces behind these, consequences of policies and the opposition to them. The Resolution is both global and local in its focus and two- thirds of it is specifically on Australia and our work here. TNCs Anna Pha summed up the Resolution's analysis of the transnational corporations: the growth of monopoly capitalism since its free competition last century; the economic degradation and war which brought about the first socialist revolution in Russia in 1917; the great depression of the 1930s; the integration of monopoly capital and the state. Rapid advances in technology, communications and transportation paved the way for even more rapid expansion of capital around the world.

56. AP Government & Politics - Sample Comparative Multiple-Choice Questions lobbying with national government leaders; an example of interestgroup behaviorin a communist political system; a way in which the party mobilizes and http://www.collegeboard.com/ap/students/govpol/comp_mult01.htm

Sample Comparative Multiple-Choice Questions At the bottom of the page is a link to a page with the correct responses. A political system is considered legitimate when its citizens believe that the government has the right to make policies and rules its citizens are actively involved in making decisions it holds regular elections it is recognized by other states and admitted to the United Nations it produces decisions that effectively solve the country's problems Which of the following statements best describes the Chinese prodemocracy movement of 1989? It began in the provinces and spread quickly to Beijing. It was successful in toppling the Chinese government. It was led by university students who demanded more rapid political reform. It was led by progressive reformers within the Chinese Communist party. It was led by workers and peasants who were angry about government corruption and inflation. The mass line in China is best described as an example of spontaneous political participation an example of local government lobbying with national government leaders an example of interest-group behavior in a communist political system a way in which the party mobilizes and structures political participation part of a Soviet effort to undermine the Chinese Communist party Which of the following contributed most to the instability of the Soviet Union in the late 1980's?

57. Worker-communist Party Of Iran: Declaration Of Political Freedoms Declaration of political Freedoms. 2. Unconditional freedom of thought, expression,press, association, organisation, political affiliation and strike. http://www.wpiran.org/DPF.htm

Declaration of Political Freedoms To establish the prerequisites and the possibility for free and safe political participation in society and for the people to be able to determine their preferred government freely and consciously, the Islamic Republic of Iran must be overthrown and the provisions of this Declaration must be realised. 1. Separation of religion from the state and education. Abolition of all laws, policies and regulations with a religious basis. Freedom of religion and atheism. 2. Unconditional freedom of thought, expression, press, association, organisation, political affiliation and strike. 3. Complete and unconditional equality of women and men in civil and individual rights. Abolition of all laws and regulations that contravene this principle. 4. Equality of all citizens irrespective of gender, religion, nationality, race and citizenship. 5. Freedom of all political prisoners. 6. Abolition of capital punishment. 7. General access to state media and mass communication for all, in particular political parties and groups.

58. Worker-communist Party Of Iran - Office Of International Relations The Antiwar M and its war with the Taliban, but forgets that the Taliban and political Islam in andwere unleashed on the people of the region as an anti communist weapon. http://www.wpiran.org/Anti War movement legitimises.htm

The Antiwar Movement Legitimises Political Islam Interview with Azar Majedi The anti-war movement is taking shape in the West. It has focused on condemning the war against Afghanistan and US and UK imperialism and militarism. However, nothing is being said about the Taliban, political Islam and Islamic terrorism. Why do we insist on both sides of this war of terrorists being equally condemned? Azar Majedi: The war is approaching its end. Taliban has practically crumbled. But this fact does not diminish the importance of condemning both sides of this war, American and NATO militarism as well as Islamic terrorism. This is the only humane and progressive stand. The people of Afghanistan, in particular, and the people in the Middle East in general, have been the victim of Islamic terror. For the past twenty odd years, political Islam has gained the upper hand in the political sphere in the Middle East. Islamic states in Iran, Afghanistan, the Sudan and large and small sheikdoms have taken their toll on the people. Terrorism is the main weapon of this movement for gaining power. Terrorizing people into subjugation is the method of its struggle. Hundred of thousands have been killed, many more tortured: women have been stripped of virtually any rights and their status has been virtually reduced to that of slaves. Sexual apartheid has been established. Even in countries where political Islam is in opposition, civil rights and women's rights have been curtailed. In such countries, too, people live under the constant terror of these groups.

59. 16th National Congress Of The Communist Party Of China, 2002 The Nature and Guiding Ideology The communist party of China (CPC in 1949, the CPCbecame the ruling party, leading the country in its political life and http://www.16congress.org.cn/english/features/44515.htm

Home News Current Congressional Highlights About the CPC ... Weather More About China China in Brief China Through a Lens China's Political System China's Judicial System ... China's Human Rights Links to National Media Sites china.org.cn Xinhua News Agency People's Daily China Daily ... CCTV Links to Provincial Media Sites Dragon News Net E-north (Tianjin) Eastday.com Southcn.com Search About the CPC Profile The Nature and Guiding Ideology The Communist Party of China (CPC) is the vanguard of the Chinese working class, the faithful representative of the interests of the Chinese people of all ethnic groups, and the core of leadership of the Chinese socialist cause. After the People's Republic of China was founded in 1949, the CPC became the ruling party, leading the country in its political life and social activities. The leadership of the CPC over state affairs focuses on political principles, political orientation, decision making on major issues and makes recommendations regarding the ... Full Text Constitution General Program The Communist Party of China is the vanguard both of the Chinese working class and of the Chinese people and the Chinese nation. It is the core of leadership for the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics and represents the development trend of China's advanced productive forces, the orientation of China's advanced culture and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the Chinese people. The realization of communism is the highest ideal and ultimate goal of the Party ...

60. 16th National Congress Of The Communist Party Of China, 2002 The political Bureau must faithfully carry out the party? policies,principles and guidelines adopted at the National Congress. http://www.16congress.org.cn/english/features/46913.htm

Home News Current Congressional Highlights About the CPC ... Weather More About China China in Brief China Through a Lens China's Political System China's Judicial System ... China's Human Rights Links to National Media Sites china.org.cn Xinhua News Agency People's Daily China Daily ... CCTV Links to Provincial Media Sites Dragon News Net E-north (Tianjin) Eastday.com Southcn.com How is the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee elected? The Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee is elected by the plenary session of the CPC Central Committee. The Party’s Constitution has stipulated since the 12th National Congress that “a plenary session of the Central Committee is held at least once a year by the Political Bureau of the Central Committee,” and that “the Political Bureau of the Central Committee and its Standing Committee exercise the functions and powers of the Central Committee when the plenum of the Central Committee is not in session. The Political Bureau regularly reports its work to the Central Committee and observes the principle of a collective leadership. The general secretary of the CPC Central Committee is responsible for calling the sessions of the Political Bureau. The Political Bureau must faithfully carry out the Party’s policies, principles and guidelines adopted at the National Congress. Its decisions concerning the transfer and reshuffling of personnel within the leading bodies of central organizations and issues of great importance within the Party must be endorsed by the plenary session of the Central Committee.

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