81. Descent Of Man hands, as chimpanzees and baboons do. Only their next step was unique they beganto use tools to butcher large carcasses that nonhuman primates cannot exploit http://www.mansfield.ohio-state.edu/~sabedon/biol1530.htm

Supplemental Lecture (97/05/04 update) by Stephen T. Abedon abedon.1@osu.edu Chapter title : Descent of Man A list of vocabulary words is found toward the end of this document Homo sapiens did not appear on the earth, just a geologic second ago, because evolutionary theory predicts such an outcome based on themes of progress and increasing neural complexity. Humans arose, rather, as a fortuitous and contingent outcome of thousands of linked events, any one of which could have occurred differently and sent history on an alternative pathway that would not have led to consciousness. To cite just four among a multitude: If our inconspicuous and fragile lineage had not been among the few survivors of the initial radiation of multicellular animal life in the Cambrian explosion 530 million years ago, then no vertebrates would have inhabited the earth at all. If a small and unpromising group of lobe-finned fishes had not evolved fin bones with a strong central axis capable of bearing weight on land, then vertebrates might never have become terrestrial. If a large extraterrestrial body had not struck the earth 65 million years ago, then dinosaurs would still be dominant and mammals insignificant (the situation that had prevailed for 100 million years previously).

82. Stop The Bushmeat Trade/End Hunting Of Primates! Petition primates! We, the undersigned, call for an end to the illegal huntingof chimpanzees, gorillas and other primates in Africa. The http://www.thepetitionsite.com/takeaction/867535375

April 04, 2003 We the undersigned, endorse the following petition: Stop the Bushmeat Trade/End Hunting of Primates! Target: James D. Wolfensohn, Pres., World Bank; Harri Holkeri, Pres. Sponsor: Ellen Holly SIGNATURES GOAL: 3,000 DEADLINE: Ongoing ... We, the undersigned, call for an end to the illegal hunting of chimpanzees, gorillas and other primates in Africa. The hunting of primates continues to decimate the populations of endangered primates. ..... See full petition below STEP 1. Enter your name: Display in public list as "Anonymous" MOST RECENT 25 of SIGNATURES E-mail this petition to your friends. Number Date Name Country Why I'm signing this 12:00 pm PST, Apr 2 jerry barnett US 4:22 am PST, Mar 31 DHANJISHAVARIAVA variava US STOP THIS BARBARIC NONSENSE PLEASE. 1:14 pm PST, Mar 30 pinky jain pan US 10:16 am PST, Mar 29 Jo Williams US 4:42 am PST, Mar 28 manuela arioli IT 10:42 am PST, Mar 27 Mason A. Standley US tO heLP PUT A stOP TO THE BUSHMEAT CRISIS AND TO HELP PREVENT ANIMAL KILLINGS AGAINST POACHERs. 10:36 am PST, Mar 27

83. African Primates At Home See and hear primates on their home turf in East Africa, studied by research scientist M.K. Holder. Some of the primates I study on their home turf in additional links to.     Nonhuman primates .     Tropical Wildlife Conservation, and http://www.indiana.edu/~primate/primates.html

African Primates at Home SEE and HEAR Some of the primates I study on their home turf in East Africa... If you have trouble with audio files, click here Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii Common Chimpanzee (27 K) Scream STATUS: GENERAL CLASSIFICATION: HABITAT RANGE: East African forests LOCOMOTOR TYPE: FOOD: FEATURE: Gorilla gorilla beringei Mountain Gorilla (21 K) SAMPLE VOCALIZATION: (20 K) DISPLAY SOUND: Silverback male STATUS: n =about 650) IUCN status: Vulnerable GENERAL CLASSIFICATION: HABITAT RANGE: Virunga Volcanos LOCOMOTOR TYPE: FOOD: FEATURE: nests for sleeping Cercocebus albigena johnstoni (26 K) STATUS: GENERAL CLASSIFICATION: HABITAT RANGE: Uganda LOCOMOTOR TYPE: FOOD: FEATURE: Colobus badius tephrosceles Red Colobus Monkey GENERAL CLASSIFICATION: HABITAT RANGE: Uganda LOCOMOTOR TYPE: FOOD: FEATURE: Cercopithecus ascanius schmidti Redtail Monkey (28 K) Chirp GENERAL CLASSIFICATION: HABITAT RANGE: Kibale Forest, Uganda LOCOMOTOR TYPE: FOOD: Colobus guereza occindentalis (95 K) Male roar STATUS: GENERAL CLASSIFICATION: HABITAT RANGE: East Africa LOCOMOTOR TYPE: FOOD: FEATURE: Colobus guereza occindentalis (coming) FEATURE: This behavior is very different from red colobus mothers, who rarely let their infants be handled by others.

84. Buy The Best-Selling Book Annual Editions Physical Anthropology Buy The Best-Sel Nonprofit corporation houses and cares for abused and neglected animals, including chimps and orangutans, in San Antonio, Texas. http://redirect-west.inktomi.com/click?u=http://www.shop-mcgraw-hill.com/mcgrawh

85. Primarily Primates Recieves First Five Air Force Chimps Neither the government nor the US Air Force will aid the effort to retire thechimpanzees at Primarily primates; therefore, we must depend on public http://www.geocities.com/RainForest/Vines/4451/PrimarilyPrimatesUSAF.html

12 Month Countdown to Retire 30 Air Force Chimpanzees Begins with Arrival of First 5 Ambassadors On December 10, 1998, five American heroes, chimpanzee retirees from the U.S. Air Force Space Program, will be coming home to Primarily Primates, a sanctuary for unwanted animals. Unlike the astronauts John Glen or Buzz Aldrin whose names you might recognize, GiGi, Hope, Lisa, Betty and Rosemary are five chimpanzee members of the former space program chimpanzee colony whose names are unknown or have been forgotten. They will, however, be the first space program chimpanzees to be given permanent lifetime retirement at Primarily Primates. They are the ambassadors in our campaign to retire 30 chimpanzees awarded to Primarily Primates for retirement by the U.S. Air Force. Originally, they were part of a colony of 141 chimpanzees owned by the U.S. Air Force. In the 1960's, the Air Force acquired a large colony of chimpanzees to test the effects of space travel. When the chimpanzees were no longer needed for the space program, they were leased to various research facilities where they were used for biomedical research. They were among the first chimpanzees to be used for research on Hepatitis and AIDS. In 1997, the U.S. Air Force put out a Request For Proposals to divest the colony of chimpanzees. Literally, the chimpanzees were being forced out of "service." Of four organizations that attempted to gain custody of the chimpanzees, only two qualified: Primarily Primates and the Coulston Foundation.

86. Primarily Primates - Press Release . Press Releases. United States Air Force Awards Primarily primates 30 SpaceChimpanzees. August 6, 1998 Authors Laura Joann Stephen Rene Tello. http://www.primarilyprimates.org/ppi-press.htm

87. PRIME-TIME PRIMATES: Chimps Count ACTIVITY 2 INVESTIGATING ANIMAL INTELLIGENCE One characteristic ofchimpanzees and other higher primates is their larger brain size. http://www.pbs.org/safarchive/4_class/45_pguides/pguide_504/4554_chimp2.html

Guide Index Keeping the Peace Chimp Manners Monkey See, Monkey Do? ... The Mating Game PRIME-TIME PRIMATES: Chimps Count Chimpanzees doing fractions? Language and math skills have long been thought to be solely human abilities, but an Ohio State University researcher has taught some chimpanzees to solve simple arithmetic problems. Primatologist Sally Boysen, who has been working with chimpanzees for many years, shows that the chimps are truly processing the information and not just learning by rote. Boysen's discoveries mean we may have to re-evaluate how we think about primate intelligence. Curriculum Links Activity 1: Animal Training Activity 2: Investigating Animal Intelligence Consider This! CURRICULUM LINKS BIOLOGY adaptation, regulation GENERAL SCIENCE collecting data, drawing conclusions, experimental methods LIFE SCIENCE brain, primates, sense organs MATH analysis, problem solving PSYCHOLOGY behavior, conceptual thought, higher order thinking skills, language ACTIVITY 1: ANIMAL TRAINING Training an animal to model a behavior, such as getting a lion to jump up and sit on a pedestal, is an arduous, time-consuming task. Watching such behaviors can be exciting, but few in the audience appreciate the trials involved in getting the animal to perform. Trainers typically reward any motion made by the animal that takes it closer to the desired behavior. For example, you would never train a lion to jump through a flaming hoop by holding up a hoop and telling the animal to "jump through." You'd have to break the task into separate components. First, you would probably have to train the animal to jump. Next, you might have the animal jump over a low stick. Slowly, you would work up to a hoop, and finally, introduce fire. Rewards would be constant throughout the process.

88. Powell's Books - Used, New, And Out Of Print Featured Titles in Biologyprimates Page 1 of 5 next. Next of Kin What ChimpanzeesHave Taught Me About Who We Are by Roger Fouts Recommended Powells.com http://www.powells.com/subsection/BiologyPrimates.html

Technical Books Kids' Books eBooks more search options ... Biography Biology Book Sense 76 Botany Business Calendars ... view all sections... Primates There are 248 books in this aisle. Browse the aisle by Title by Author by Price See recently arrived used books in this aisle. Featured Titles in Biology -Primates: Page 1 of 5 next Used Hardcover List Price $25.00 Next of Kin: What Chimpanzees Have Taught Me About Who We Are by Roger Fouts Powells.com Staff Pick "Though this book is truly heartbreaking and may at times lessen your faith in humanity, it is a very important book for anyone interested in the fascinating fields of language acquisition and animal intelligence, or for anyone simply intrigued by... read more about this title check for other copies Used Hardcover List Price $26.95 Reason for Hope: A Spiritual Journey by Jane Goodall From Powells.com By any standard, Jane Goodall is one of this century's great natural scientists. Her monumental discoveries about chimpanzee have forced the Western world to reevaluate its basic assumptions about human identity as well as what role humans should play in... read more about this title check for other copies Used Trade Paper List Price $14.95

89. Reflections Primates Online - Primates In Entertainment are the prisoners of circuses are, like most nonhuman primates used in Chimpanzeesare intelligent, dignified beings who should not be subject to such mockery http://www.primates-online.com/primates/reflections/entertainment.html

90. FOW Human Primates - Roger Fouts Text The project now focuses on the signing of its five sign language using chimpanzeeswho live together as a social group Washoe, Moja, Tatu, Dar and Loulis. http://friendsofwashoe.org/textsite/rsfbiot.htm

Biography: Roger and Deborah Fouts Roger and Deborah Fouts are co-directors of the Chimpanzee and Human Communication Institute. In addition Roger is a Professor of Psychology and is a CWU Distinguished Research Professor. The Foutses have been a part of Project Washoe since 1967. Project Washoe is the first and longest running project of its kind. Washoe was the very first nonhuman animal to acquire a human language, American Sign Language for the Deaf (ASL). The project now focuses on the signing of its five sign language using chimpanzees who live together as a social group: Washoe, Moja, Tatu, Dar and Loulis. Just as humans do, the chimpanzees use the signs of ASL in their interactions with humans and with each other, to comment on their environment, to make requests, answer questions and describe activities and objects. Loulis acquired his signs from his adoptive mother Washoe and the other chimpanzees, becoming the first chimpanzee to acquire a human language from chimpanzees thus demonstrating the ability of the chimpanzee to culturally transmit a language across generations. The Foutses are very active in their efforts to improve the living conditions and treatment of chimpanzees in captivity by developing and promoting humane care techniques and programs. In addition, they are active in efforts to protect the wild chimpanzee in Africa. The Foutses played a role in the U. S. Fish and Wildlife officially raising of chimpanzees in Africa from "Threatened" to "Endangered" species status. The Foutses are very active in the Sanctuary movement to provide for chimpanzees used in and retired from the Air Force Space program and other biomedical research. They are active as well in promoting basic rights for Great Apes, as founding members of the Great Ape Project.

91. GreenLeap The chief anatomical characteristics, which set chimpanzees apart from lesser primatesare the absence of a tail, a more or less upright posture and the high http://www.greenleap.com/critters/critter.jsp?file=chimps&name=Chimpanzee

92. Signing Primates - Sign Language Used By Animals Signing primates Sign Language Used by Animals. Gorillas and ChimpanzeesUse Sign Language Too. Join the Discussion. Were you ever http://deafness.about.com/library/weekly/aa022701.htm

zfp=-1 About Deafness/Hard of Hearing Search in this topic on About on the Web in Products Web Hosting Deafness/Hard of Hearing with Jamie Berke Your Guide to one of hundreds of sites Home Articles Forums ... Help zmhp('style="color:#fff"') Subjects ESSENTIALS FAQ on Deafness and Hearing Loss Sign Language Glosary Feature Article Index ... All articles on this topic Stay up-to-date! Subscribe to our newsletter. Advertising Free Credit Report Free Psychics Advertisement Signing Primates - Sign Language Used by Animals Gorillas and Chimpanzees Use Sign Language Too Join the Discussion "Were you ever a fan of either Koko the gorilla or Washoe, another gorilla? Both were known for using sign language in the sixties and seventies. " Signing Gorillas Related Resources Sign language subject page Deaf Animals subject page Hearing Dogs subject page Your next conversation in sign language may be with someone not quite human. Since the late 60s, chimpanzees and gorillas have been learning a modified form of sign language, taught by patient humans. It all began with Washoe the chimpanzee in the sixties, followed by the gorillas Koko and Michael (now deceased). Washoe learned a little over a hundred signs, but Koko learned over 1,000 signs. Not bad for a non-human. Washoe Washoe's long sign language-using career has been chronicled by Roger Fouts in his book,"

93. L'Alliance De Singe - Chimpanzee Groups. Habitat Ecologique et Liberte des primates (HELP) BP 335 PointeNoire Republic ofCongo, Web (en) www.help-primates.org Email contact@help-primates.org Email http://www.4apes.com/fr/chimpanzee/

Chimpanzee Groups. Les chimpanzés sont, avec les bonobos, l’espèce vivante la plus proche de l’homme. Ils vivent en communautés complexes dans les forêts et d’environ 20 pays africains, mais leur nombre décline sur la plupart de leurs territoires. Ils sont depuis peu en phase d’extinction en Gambie, Guinée Bissau, Burkina-Fasso, Togo et Bénin. Pour discuter au sujet des Chimpanzés, consulter la Page de Conversation de Chimpanzé Les organisations suivantes travaillent pour la protection des Chimpanzés, ou sont impliquées dans leur étude et leur soin: Animal Defenders 261 Goldhawk Road London Web (en): www.animaldefenders.org.uk Email: info@animaldefenders.org.uk Born Free Foundation Will Travers CEO 3 Grove House Foundry Lane Horsham West Sussex Phone: +44 (0)1403 240 170 Fax: +44 (0)1403 327 838 Web (en): www.bornfree.org.uk Email: wildlife@bornfree.org.uk Budongo Forest Project Prof. Vernon Reynolds UGANDA PO box 362 Masindi, Uganda UK Dept. of Biological Anthropology Oxford University 58 Banbury Road Oxford OX2 6QS Phone: UK +44 (0)1865 244693 UGANDA +256 465 20411 Fax: +44 (0)1865 244700 Bushmeat Crisis Task Force Web (en): www.bushmeat.org

94. Prehistoric Cultures, University Of Minnesota Duluth Return to Top of Page Jane Goodall Research; Discover chimpanzees; Chimpanzee Cultures http://www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/troufs/anth1602/pcchimp.html

Prehistoric Cultures WebSearch Search this Page Enlarge Fonts ... Z Class: JB TR Week: Spring 2003 Calendar Fall 2003 Calendar Spring 2004 Calendar 04 April 2003 Today in History Today in Headlines Course Information Assignments Calendars Case Studies ~ 01 What's New? ~ 02 Favorite Find Dates / Times Exams Extra Credit FAQs Grades ~ grading policies ~ CEE ~ Freshman Seminar Major Discoveries Office Hours, etc. Overview PCforum Questions ? Requirements Schedules Site Information Site Map Special Facilities Syllabus Table of Contents Texts Times / Dates Videos Course Topics TR 01 Introduction / Orientation 02 History of Thought 03 Heredity and Evolution 04 Living Primates 05 Primate Behavior 06 Primate Models 07 Evolutionary History 08 Paleoanthropology 09 Hominid Origins 10 Hunting / Gathering 11 Homo erectus 12 Neandertal / Archaics 13 Homo sapiens sapiens 14 Variation / Adptation 15 Agriculture / Civilizations 16 Final Exam Maps World Africa Botswana Ethiopia France Guatemala Indonesia Kena Mexico South Africa Tanzania World Fact Book Your Nation Country Briefings Other Useful Sites Prehistoric Cultures

95. Living Links Living Links is a center for the study of ape and human evolution at Emory University and the Yerkes Primate Center. Through behavioral, neurological, and genetic research on great apes 'living links' to our past - we look to illuminate human http://www.emory.edu/LIVING_LINKS/a/vocalizations.html

Quick Menu Info Research Animals Contacts Conservation Video Vocalizations People Frans de Waal Interviews Library Capuchins Resources News Internship Links Lectures Origins Taxonomy Mission What's New Compare Chimpanzee and Bonobo Vocalizations (2min. Real Audio narrated by Lesleigh Luttrell) A Full Repertoire of Bonobo Vocalizations (4 min. Real Audio narrated by Lesleigh Luttrell) Six Unique Chimpanzee Vocalizations (From the laboratory of Marc Hauser, Harvard University) Recorded in Uganda, 1997 Get a free copy of Real Player for running audio and video content from this site.

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