1. History Of The War In Bosnia History of the war in Bosnia. Written May, 1996. Historical Background. Theformer Yugoslavia consisted of six republics and two autonomous regions. http://www.friendsofbosnia.org/edu_bos.html

Back to Education Directory Who We Are Reconstruction Medical Aid for ... Home FRIENDS OF BOSNIA 85 WORCESTER ST. SUITE 1 BOSTON, MA 02118 Tel: 978-461-0909 Fax: 978-461-2552 info@friendsofbosnia.org www.friendsofbosnia.org History of the war in Bosnia Written May, 1996 Historical Background The former Yugoslavia consisted of six republics and two autonomous regions. Today Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Slovenia, and Macedonia are independent nations. Serbia and Montenegro comprise the rump Yugoslavia. Bosnia-Herzegovina (prewar population 4.4 million): Bosnia has the most complex mix of religious traditions among the former Yugoslav republics: 44% Bosniaks (Muslims), 31% Bosnian Serb (Eastern Orthodox), and 17% Bosnian Croat (Roman Catholics). Bosnias Muslims are Slavs who converted to Islam in the 14th and 15th centuries after the Ottoman Empire conquered the region. From World War I until the end of the Cold War, Bosnia was part of the newly created country of Yugoslavia. Bosnia declared independence in March 1992. Serbia (including Kosovo and Vojvodina) (prewar population 9,800,000): This republic is the largest and most populous. 66% are ethnic Serb of traditionally Eastern Orthodox religion. Until 1989, Serbia also had two œautonomous regions,” Kosovo and Vojvodina. Kosovo, bordering Albania, was the historic seat of a traditional Serbian kingdom and the site of the famous Battle of Kosovo in 1389, when the Serbs were conquered by Ottoman forces. Today Kosovos population is 90% ethnic Albanian, most of them Muslims. The Albanians are a pre-Slavic ethnic group speaking a distinct language unrelated to the various forms of Serbo-Croatian spoken throughout the former Yugoslavia.

2. MapZones.com History History, Albania History Andorra History Armenia History Austria History AzerbaijanHistory Belarus History Belgium History bosnia history Bulgaria History http://www.mapzones.com/history.php

Algeria History Angola History Benin History Botswana History Algeria History Angola History Benin History Botswana History ... info@mapzones.com

3. Bosnia History BOSNIA HERZEGOVINA. Horrific episodes of socalled ethnic cleansing began as the Serbs attempted to clear Bosnia of Muslims and Croats. http://www.nationbynation.com/Bosnia/History1.html

BACK TO THE FRONT PAGE BASIC INFO. GEOGRAPHY GOVERNMENT ... PEOPLE It geographic location has placed the region squarely in the midst of European political power struggles for hundreds of years. Racial divisions, made worse by ever-changing borders and religious rivalries: Muslim, Roman Catholic, and Eastern Orthodoxy. While Yugoslavia kept the peace under Marshall Tito (and for a time after his death, as well) the fall of Communism signaled the beginning of the end for the tenuous unity of the area. In 1992, Bosnia and Herzegovina voted for independence, but the military (of Yugoslavia and mostly Serb) refused to recognize this move and began the siege of Sarajevo. Horrific episodes of so-called "ethnic cleansing" began as the Serbs attempted to clear Bosnia of Muslims and Croats. In 1995, a peace accord was finally signed dividing the region into a Serb republic and a Muslim-Croat federation, which would be governed under the same president and legislature. UN peacekeeping have been in the area since 1995.

4. About Bosnia: History The Bosnian Institute aims to educate people throughout the world about the historyand culture of BosniaHerzegovina, its social, economic, governmental http://www.bosnia.org.uk/bosnia/history.cfm

History The Republic of Bosnia-Herzegovina was in many ways the heart of the former Yugoslavia, both geographically and culturally. It was home to 4.36 million people (1991 census figure), 44% of whom declared themselves Bosniak ('Muslim'), 31% Serb and 17% Croat, while there were also significant numbers of Jews, Roma, Albanians, undetermined 'Yugoslavs' and others. The country's ethnic diversity, however, did not entail territorial division, since the different national groups were inextricably intermingled in their geographical distribution (the famous 'leopard skin'), and especially in the urban centres there was a high proportion of mixed marriages. Nor did it entail social separateness, since the component parts developed within a common historical, linguistic and cultural space, giving rise to a specifically Bosnian paradigm of unity within diversity. The Dayton Accords brokered by the United States at the end of 1995 brought an end to the fighting, but left the country divided into two 'entities' - a 'Federation of B-H' in which only Bosniaks and Croats have full constitutional rights, and a 'Republika Srpska' [Serb Republic] in which only Serbs have full rights - loosely joined by a weak central government. This has left an unstable situation in which (despite a massive Nato military presence) most refugees are unable to return to their homes and the country is unable to begin serious material reconstruction and economic growth. Though Bosnia-Herzegovina's future as a single state is assured, the tempo of its recovery continues to depend on the democratic transformation not only of its own internal structures, but crucially also of its neighbours Croatia and Serbia.

5. Bosnia Travel Guide @ TravelNotes.org the world. Bosnian History. bosnia history A brief history of Bosniacan be gleaned from Andras Riedlmayer, of Harvard University. http://www.travelnotes.org/Europe/bosnia.htm

Travel Notes Europe Bosnia and Herzegovina Travel Guide Add URL Flag of Bosnia. Bosnia and Herzegovina declared its independence from Yugoslavia in March 1992, and in April 1992 the sovereignty of Bosnia and Herzegovina was accepted by the United States and the European Community. Local Currency How much is your money worth abroad. Countries neighbouring Bosnia are: and Croatia Food Travel Fiction Health Kids Bios Humor Mags Software Gifts Tech Business Other News Headlines World News Directory of newspapers and news sources from around the world. This Week in Bosnia More like last month in Bosnia, but there are some moving articles and photographs here. About Bosnia The first inter-ethnic armed clashes had already taken place around Mostar, on February 4, 1992, and the European recognition of Bosnian independence only made matters worse. Bosnia became the centre of one of Europe's blackest memories in modern history as Serbs, Croats, and Muslims all fought to expand or keep their territories within Bosnia, and carve out their own states within a state. By mid-1995, the majority of the country's land area was held by Bosnian ethnic Serbs, who carried out atrocious ethnic cleansing programmes.

6. History Of Bosnia History The ancient inhabitants of Bosnia and Herzegovina were Illyrianswho overran the northwestern part of the Balkan Peninsula. http://sadik.net/bosnia/historyofbosnia.htm

History The ancient inhabitants of Bosnia and Herzegovina were Illyrians who overran the northwestern part of the Balkan Peninsula. Most of the country was included in the Roman province of Dalmatia. Slav settlement began in the latter half of the 6th century. For the next five centuries various parts of the region fell under the rule of Serbs, Croats, Hungarians, Venetians, and the Byzantines. In the 12th century the Hungarian kingdom began to rule the region through a series of "bans," or governors, though Bosnia enjoyed periods of power and independence. In 1322 a Bosnian, Stjepan Kotromanic, was elected ban, and for the rest of the 14th century the Kotromanic dynasty (especially under Stjepan's nephew, Tvrtko I) expanded Bosnia's territory to include the Serb province of Hum and much of the Adriatic coast. The Ottoman Turks invaded Bosnia in 1386, and after many battles it became a Turkish province in 1463. Hum held out longer under rulers who styled themselves herceg ("duke") of St. Savaa name recalled today in Herzegovina. During the 16th and 17th centuries, Bosnia was an important Turkish outpost in the constant warfare against the Habsburgs and Venice. During this period much of the native population converted to Islam. As the Ottoman Empire was pushed out of Europe, its rule in Bosnia became more onerous, and Muslims and Christians alike grew resentful of interference from Constantinople. At the Congress of Berlin after the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78, Bosnia and Herzegovina was assigned to Austro-Hungarian occupation, though it was still nominally Turkish. It was annexed to Austria-Hungary in October 1908. A new constitution divided the electorate into three electoral colleges and assigned in each a fixed proportion of seats to the Orthodox, Roman Catholics, and Muslims. This did little to satisfy growing Serb nationalism, and on June 28, 1914, the Austrian archduke Francis Ferdinand was assassinated at Sarajevo by a Bosnian Serb student, Gavrilo

7. Basic Search Trinity College Library Web OPAC. http://intra.trinity.wa.edu.au/webopac/default.asp?n=s&c=BOSNIA HISTORY

8. History Of Bosnia And Herzegovina - HERCEG BOSNA :: Croats Of Bosnia And Herzego a cultural, social and political scholar and activist, one of the most prominentCroatian historians and unavoidable authority on the medieval bosnia history. http://www.hercegbosna.org/engleski/aushu.html

Home Page History History of Bosnia and Herzegovina: A Chronology Austro-Hungarian Rule: Tutorship and Westernization (1878 - 1918) Austro-Hungarian Rule: Tutorship and Westernization (1878 - 1918) Josip Filipovic, Austrian vice-marshal and Croatian baron, the head of Bosnia and Hercegovina occupation troops Austrian administration in Bosnia-Herzegovina. The most pervasive processes that shaped the society and history in that period were: the definite re-inclusion of Bosnia-Herzegovina into the European cultural and political milieu. Since 1878. BiH and its nations are a part of the European order, their destiny tied to European ideologies, conflicts and geopolitical designs. a) a part of them (according to some estimates, circa 100,000 people) moved to Turkey for good b) the rest of them have reluctantly acknowledged the Austrian suzerainty and tried to get along with it, either by insisting on the preservation of the status quo (the majority of Muslim gentry), or by accepting/succumbing to the Western-style modernization

9. Bosnia: Can You Blame History? Out There News explores whether the civil war in bosnia really ended with the Dayton Peace Agreement Category Society history By Region Europe bosnia and Herzegovina...... As many as a third of marriages in bosnia before the 199295 civil war were mixed.Ethnic boundaries were blurring. Recent history war and nationalism. http://www.megastories.com/bosnia/history/history.htm

Can you blame history? It is tempting to say that Serbs, Croats and Muslims in Bosnia have been at war because of age-old ethnic hatreds. But it is not true. Picture postcard view, rabid politics: the Bosnian town of Mostar at the turn of the century. The three main groups in what used to be Yugoslavia have long histories - more than one thousand three hundred years for the Serbs and Croats, six hundred for the Muslims. But for most of that time there has been no war and little hatred. Hostility between the groups is modern, born of the same jingoistic nationalism throughout Europe that produced the First World War. There is even a strong argument that violence creates ethnic divisions, rather than the other way round. Violence and the fear of violence forces people to take sides. Children of mixed marriages and people for whom ethnic identity was never a big issue suddenly have to choose. Am I a Serb, in which case the armed men storming down the street outside will leave me alone, or am I a Muslim, in which case they will probably kill me?

10. Bosnia HomePage At Caltech US Military Involvement. Articles, Interviews, Letters. On the history of bosniaHerzegovina.Culture, academia and daily life. Artwork. YES, you CAN help! http://www.cco.caltech.edu/~bosnia/bosnia.html

Welcome to Bosnia Homepage Watch out for impersonators of this account, bosnia @ cco.caltech.edu, on Zamir-chat and other mailing lists, as well as at your personal mailbox. photo by Enric Marti, AP (see A Letter from Sarajevo) From Requiem to Renewal: A Decade of Conflict Boston-area groups prepare week of events to commemorate 10th anniversary of siege of Sarajevo and wars in the former Yugoslavia; April 3-7 2002 Newsstand Brief history of the war Maps, status quo, factbook and ethnicity info Images of the tragedy ... YES, you CAN help! You can reach many other sites and documents on Bosnia through our information resources list Last site-wide revision: June 4, 1997 There have been many additions since last site-wide revision. Initiated by Ayhan Irfanoglu and Ahmet Kirac in December 1994. You can send your comments and related site information to bosnia @ caltech.edu Unfortunately, we are not able to reply to personal inquiries. Peace be with you. We would like to note that bosnia @ cco.caltech.edu account has never been used in any Relay, Chat, or Discussion Group postings. Any such letter seemingly originated from this account is a fraud. Please verify with us, at bosnia @ caltech.edu, if you receive any suspicious mail. Thank you.

11. Bosnian Historyhttp//www.bosnet.org/bosnia/history - November 21, 2002 - 1 KB9. history of bosniaHerzegovina. Hartford Web Publishing is not the author of the documents in the World history Archives http://www.bosnet.org/bosnia/history

12. Bosnia: Origins Of The Serbs From the end of the 11th century their history diverged the Serbs developed an Butit left Serbinhabited areas of Croatia and bosnia outside the new state of http://www.megastories.com/bosnia/history/serbs.htm

Serbs Origins The Serbs and the Croats were closely-related Slav tribes which moved into the Balkans in the seventh century of the Christian Era, when the area was nominally part of the Byzantine Empire. They gradually converted to Christianity, mostly the Orthodox Christianity of the Empire, and both build up powerful principalities. From the end of the 11th century their history diverged: the Serbs developed an independent kingdom and remained Orthodox Christians while the Croats were absorbed by Hungary and became Roman Catholics. Banja Luka a century ago. The town is now one of two rival power centres in the Bosnian Serb Republic. Ottoman Empire: 500 years of Muslim domination When the Muslim Ottomans expanded their empire into Europe in the 14th century, they defeated the Serbs in 1389 at the Field of the Blackbirds in what is now Kosovo. Serb legend says the Ottomans offered the Serb king, Tsar Lazar, a reward to surrender but he chose the kingdom of heaven over wordly wealth and the betrayal of his nation.

13. World History Archives: History Of Bosnia-Herzegovina Sources on 1990s war.Category Society history By Region Europe bosnia and Herzegovina......history of bosniaHerzegovina. Hartford Web Publishing is not theauthor of the documents in the World history Archives and does http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/62/index-j.html

History of Bosnia-Herzegovina Hartford Web Publishing is not the author of the documents in the World History Archives History of Europe as a whole Political and general history Bosnia Press Statement From North Atlantic Council Secretary General, following the North Atlantic Council Meeting of 25 July 1995. There is less than a year left: Arrest Now! cultural and religious history Information on Cultural Destruction in Bosnia-Herzegovina By Andras Riedlmayer and compiled by the Council of Europe, 9 February 1995.

14. Information On History Of Bosnia-Herzegovina Information on history of bosniaHerzegovina A Brief history of bosnia-Herzegovina , by Andras Rieldmayer Short Review of history of bosnia-Herzegovina (from Embassy of Bi-H in Washington D.C.) Article on the Borders of bosnia-Herzegovina http://www.its.caltech.edu/~bosnia/history/history.html

Information on History of Bosnia-Herzegovina A Brief History of Bosnia-Herzegovina , by Andras Rieldmayer Short Review of History of Bosnia-Herzegovina (from Embassy of Bi-H in Washington D.C. Article on the Borders of Bosnia-Herzegovina Map of 17th-19th Century Borders Borders of the South Slavic Countries ... The Balkans since 1815 (from Bosnia page of the NY Times Bosna-Hersek ile Ilgili Arsiv Belgeleri (Archive Records On Bosnia-Herzegovina, in Turkish), 1516-1919 Balkan Booklist , compiled by Lasiewicz Foundation Books about Bosnia a nd Herzegovina and former Yugoslavia from Croatia and Bi-H Information Pages, Europe The New York Review of Books: America and Bosnia Genocide Clinton, the UN, and the Bosnian Disaster and The US and the Yugoslav Catastrophe (you might need to make search on NYRB site) Last update: December 27, 1997 Back to Bosnia homepage at Caltech

15. Information On History Of Bosnia-Herzegovina From the bosnia HomePage (Caltech).Category Society history By Region Europe bosnia and Herzegovina......Information on history of bosniaHerzegovina. http://www.cco.caltech.edu/~bosnia/history/history.html

Information on History of Bosnia-Herzegovina A Brief History of Bosnia-Herzegovina , by Andras Rieldmayer Short Review of History of Bosnia-Herzegovina (from Embassy of Bi-H in Washington D.C. Article on the Borders of Bosnia-Herzegovina Map of 17th-19th Century Borders Borders of the South Slavic Countries ... The Balkans since 1815 (from Bosnia page of the NY Times Bosna-Hersek ile Ilgili Arsiv Belgeleri (Archive Records On Bosnia-Herzegovina, in Turkish), 1516-1919 Balkan Booklist , compiled by Lasiewicz Foundation Books about Bosnia a nd Herzegovina and former Yugoslavia from Croatia and Bi-H Information Pages, Europe The New York Review of Books: America and Bosnia Genocide Clinton, the UN, and the Bosnian Disaster and The US and the Yugoslav Catastrophe (you might need to make search on NYRB site) Last update: December 27, 1997 Back to Bosnia homepage at Caltech

16. WWW-VL History Index: Bosnia & Herzegovina WWWVL history Index site providing links for bosnia and Herzegovina WWW-VL history bosnia HERZEGOVINA. Click here for http://www.ukans.edu/history/VL/europe/bosnia.html

Click here for The World-Wide Web Virtual Library (WWW-VL) central catalogue The WWW-VL search facility. Click Here to access the Mirror at Florence, Italy Click Here to access the Mirror at Lawrence, Kansas, USA Research Tools Geography Maps Bosnian Map Page Bosnia and Herzegovina Relief Bosnia and Herzegovina Political Bosnia: Ethnic Majorities ... Ethnic Majority Areas in Bosnia-Herzegovina , from CalTech Military terrain 1996 Sarajevo and Vicinity Gazetteers Location of Cities and Towns Language Languages of Bosnia-Herzegovina , from Ethnologue English-Serbo-Croatian-English Dictionary German-Serbian-German Dictionary Nederlands-Servocroatisch woordenboek (Srpskohrvatsko-Holandski recnik) Serbian and Croatian Language Resources , from U. Massachusetts Radio-Locator [for Bosnian Stations on-line] Reference World FactBook World Travel Guide Background Notes , from the US Department of State Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina Political Parties and Organizations Election Reports , from the OSCE Bibliography and Internet Gateways Search Engine , from Colossus Bosnia - Internet Resources Bonsia On-Line Materials US State Department. Materials on Bosnia-Herzgovina

17. Task Force Eagle- Multinational Division- North (Eagle Base) In Bosnia history of BiH. You are here Task Force Eagle SFOR Info bosnia'shistory. history of bosniaHerzegovina Last Updated 15 November, 2002. http://www.tfeagle.army.mil/TFE/bosnia_history.htm

History of BiH Bosnia's History SFOR XIII Talon Online Tuzla Night Owl SFOR's History Bosnia's History Eagle Base BMCT MWR Feedback History of Bosnia-Herzegovina Last Updated: 15 November, 2002 The rich history of Bosnia and Herzegovina demonstrates the uniqueness of a country where four religions (Judaism, Roman Catholicism, Christian Orthodoxy and Islam) have each given their personal mark to the development of a specific civilization, combining the heritage of the Neolithic, Iliric, Classical, Greco-Roman and Slavic cultural elements. Mutual influences and the unity of those cultural and natural values on a relatively small geographic area, resulted in the specific political, economic, cultural and international character of Bosnia and Herzegovina throughout history. Xth Century The State of Bosnia first appeared in the Xth Century. At that time Bosnia extended from the Drina river to the Adriatic sea. The socio-legal position of Bosnia in the Medieval period was challenged by Byzantium, Hungary and the neighboring states of Croatia and Serbia who tried to take Bosnian territory to expand Catholicism and Christian Orthodoxy. During the reign of Kulin Ban (1180-1204), Bosnia was developing as an independent and internationally recognized country. At the same time, her neighbors tried to destroy the specific religion known as the Bosnian-Bogomil Church. Being created between the two Christian religions, this Bosnian-Bogomil Church gave specific emphasis to the spiritual development of Bosnia during three centuries.

18. History Of Bosnia And Herzegovina - Wikipedia See also the history of bosnia, history of Herzegovina, history of Yugoslavia, history of Europe, and history of presentday http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina/History

Main Page Recent changes Edit this page Older versions Special pages Set my user preferences My watchlist Recently updated pages Upload image files Image list Registered users Site statistics Random article Orphaned articles Orphaned images Popular articles Most wanted articles Short articles Long articles Newly created articles Interlanguage links All pages by title Blocked IP addresses Maintenance page External book sources Printable version Talk Log in Help History of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Redirected from Bosnia and Herzegovina/History This is the history of Bosnia and Herzegovina . See also the history of Bosnia history of Herzegovina history of Yugoslavia history of Europe , and history of present-day nations and states For the first centuries of the Christian era, Bosnia was part of the Roman Empire . After the fall of Rome, Bosnia was contested by Byzantium and Rome's successors in the West. Slavs settled the region in the 7th century, and the kingdoms of Serbia and Croatia split control of Bosnia in the 9th century. The 11th and 12th centuries saw the rule of the region by the kingdom of Hungary . The medieval kingdom of Bosnia gained its independence around A.D. Bosnia remained independent up until

19. Task Force Eagle- Multinational Division- North (Eagle Base) In Bosnia centuries of strife. bosnia's history Wonder why American military forcesare stationed in bosnia? Learn more about bosnia's history http://www.tfeagle.army.mil/default2.asp

SFOR XIII Public Affairs Office Tuzla Night Owl SFOR's History Bosnia's History Eagle Base BMCT 401st EABG MWR Feedback Welcome to the Balkans and the official web site for Task Force Eagle's Stabilization Force XIII (SFOR). Explore Task Force Eagle and learn more about the selfless men and women who are keeping the peace in a country rocked by centuries of strife. Wonder why American military forces are stationed in Bosnia? Learn more about Bosnia's history and the story behind the Stabilization Force (SFOR), Task Force Eagle, and the Multinational Division-(North). US Army USAREUR Dept.of Defense EUCOM ... Force Protection Notice (Zastita SFOR Snaga)

20. The Bosnian Manuscript Ingathering Project: Brief History A Brief history of bosniaHerzegovina. by Andras Riedlmayer, HarvardUniversity Area. 19,741 sq. mi. / 51,130 sq. km (about the size http://www.applicom.com/manu/briefhis.htm

A Brief History of Bosnia-Herzegovina by Andras Riedlmayer, Harvard University Area 19,741 sq. mi. / 51,130 sq. km (about the size of West Virginia; 1/4 larger than Switzerland). Picturesque mountain scenery (Bosnia's capital Sarajevo hosted the 1984 Winter Olympics), much of it covered by forests; some coal and minerals, no oil. Bosnia's traditional borders, established in the medieval period, are: the Sava River (in the N), the Drina River (E/SE), and the Dinaric Alps (in the W). Herzegovina ("the Duchy") is the historical name for the country's southwestern region (around the town of Mostar). Located in the heart of Europe (as the crow flies, Sarajevo is closer to Rome than Milan is). Population Until the late 19th century, people of all three faiths identified themselves simply as Bosnians. Most Bosnians today are in fact highly secularized, and about a third of all urban marriages in Bosnia in recent decades have been between partners from different religious/ethnic backgrounds. While there were some villages in the countryside where one group or the other predominated, Bosnia's towns and cities have traditionally been the shared home of people from all ethnic and religious groups. The latter include Jews, who found a haven in the tolerant city of Sarajevo in 1492, following their expulsion from Spain. Unlike Jews in Venice and elsewhere in Europe, Sarajevo's Jews were not confined to a ghetto. The city's principal mosques, its synagogues and Christian churches are all located in close proximity to each other, a visible sign of the intermingled public and private lives of its ethnic and religious communities.

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