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The Cultural Politics of the German Democratic Republic:The Voices of Wolf Biermann, Christa Wolf, and Heiner Müller, deals with the intricate connection between the political structure of the East German government and cultural politics. Specifically, it focuses on the relationship between the government agencies and three authors.The study covers the period of dissent which began in the 1960s and ended with the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989. The evidence I use are the works of the authors and the government documents that reveal how the government bureaucracy dealt with the authors.

This text was written for not only scholars but a wider reading public to explain the predicament of writers governed by a socialist regime during the Cold War. It explores the difficulties the writers encountered in the 1960s with the government of East Germany and how their works did or did not conform to the cultural policy established by the GDR regime in 1951.The government believed that it was imperative for authors and artists to adhere to the literary policy of social realism prescribed by the East German Ministry of Culture.An author’s works were expected to conform to the political ideology of Marxism.The Ministry of Culture expected writers to depict the society through the glorification of Marxism.The East German cultural functionaries evaluated a piece of literature more for the author’s devotion to the political doctrine than the aesthetic quality of the work.If works did not conform, the government agencies such as the Ministry of Culture could apply pressure to the authors in many forms:censorship, silencing, fines, prosecution, surveillance and, for extreme cases, expatriation.

This study assesses three prominent writers of the former East Germany:Wolf Biermann, a lyricist;Christa Wolf, a novelist; and Heiner Müller, a dramatist. The analysis is based on the political content of the authors’ works and how the West German and East German critics evaluated them.Government documents from German State Archives revealed the sensitive nature of the political and writer conferences of the GDR.The study analyzes how the writers’ interpretation of socialism increasingly deviated from that of the East German regime.Over time, the writers chose to express themselves in a different manner and thus, encountered problems and conflicts with the Ministry of Culture.The various poems, novels, and dramas of these East German authors illustrated the degree of dissension which began in the 1960s and continued through 1989. The metaphors employed by the authors reflected the struggle that the East German intellectuals experienced with the regime and their commitment to reform the existing socialist system from within. ... Read more

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Substantial further advances in our understanding of adrenal development, steroid biosynthesis and adrenocortical disorders necessitate another look at this small but complex organ. In this volume, leaders in the fields of adrenal development, biochemistry and genetics review the most recent findings from bench and bedside research. New aspects of adrenal development and zonation and the novel >backdoor' pathway to androgen synthesis are discussed. P450 oxidoreductase deficiency (a newly described form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia) and long-term outcome of prenatal treatment of 21-hydroxylase deficiency are examined. An update on ACTH resistance and adrenal Cushing's syndrome is provided. Finally, the role of adrenal steroidogenesis in arterial hypertension and fetal programming of adrenal androgen excess as a possible explanation for polycystic ovary syndrome in later life are analyzed. This book will be of great interest to pediatric, adult and reproductive endocrinologists, clinical geneticists, developmental biologists and basic scientists working in the fields of endocrinology and steroidogenesis. ... Read more

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This book talks about the goodness of having a relationship with the heavenly Father. This book explains the Word of God on how to live joyfully in His kingdom no matter what comes our way, and identifies the ways that keeps us from walking closer with our heavenly Father. What struggles do you have that are spiritual or emotional? God is inviting you to know Him more and the enriching life He can give. Read on to find out more about the Savior. ... Read more

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Sharon Christa Corrigan McAuliffe née Sharon Christa Corrigan, was an American teacher from Concord, New Hampshire, and one of seven crew members killed in the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster. Born in Boston, Massachusetts, she received her bachelor's degree in education and history from Framingham State College in 1970, and a Master of Arts from Bowie State University in 1978. She took a teaching post as a social studies teacher at Concord High School in New Hampshire in 1982. In 1985, McAuliffe was selected from more than 11,000 applicants to participate in the NASA Teacher in Space Project, and she was scheduled to become the first teacher in space. ... Read more

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This book describes and illustrates one of the most entertaining 'popular' art-forms of the Middle Ages, the misericord - the carved, hinged seat of the choir-stall - found in monastic and parish churches and in cathedrals. These ledges were introduced as a concession to elderly and frail monks who found it difficult to stand through the eight daily Offices. In the course of time they were decorated and eventually extensively carved with narrative scenes. English misericords have their own distinctive style and express a particular sense of humour. Intended as antidotes to the rigorous celibate life of the monks, they depict unrestrained and often bawdy subject-matter and present an explicit and frank expression of the 'unmentionable'. Most of the surviving misericords are from the fourteenth and fifteenth cen- turies though a few earlier ones are to be found; some, in London and Camb- ridge, are from the sixteenth century and have distinctly Renaissance quali- !ties. Exceptionally fine series are to be found in Exeter, Lincoln, Manches- ter, Worcester, Ripon and Wells Cathedral but many excellent examples can be seen in parish churches all over the country. The book is richly illustrated from new, specially taken photographs, with full descriptive captions and a map of the locations of misericords mentio- ned. It will act as companion to students of medieval art and society, and to all those interested in the 'popular' arts, that can still be seen in our own time. 270 illustrations. ... Read more

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Pure folk art, misericords (literally, mercy seats) are little wooddesigns on the undersides of choir stall seats in English medieval churches. Monks had to spend hours in prayer each day, and the misericord functioned as a little ledge upon which they could rest themselves when standing. ( Kind of like leaning back against the edge of the pew while kneeling in today's churches.) The wood carvers who made them must have been allowed free rein with their imagery, because many misericords are downright racy! The range of designs is vast, from foliage to animals, real and imaginary, from common household objects to angels to green men, you rarely see 2 misericords alike. The World Upside Down is a wonderful introduction to the topic, with great info about the folklore that carvers tapped into and great photographs as well. ... Read more